scholarly journals AN EXPLORATION OF NABHI AS AN ANATOMICAL LANDMARK IN AYURVEDA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Rashi Sharma ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Computer Assistance ◽  
Important Landmark

Ayurveda is a scientific text which covers all aspects of Rachana Sharir and Kriya Sharir. This Sharir is now-a-days modernized as Anatomy and Physiology. To understand anatomy the primary knowledge of anatomical landmarks is essential. Reference points located by visual inspection, palpation, or computer assistance are useful in localizing structures on or within the human body are called Anatomical landmarks. These are frequently used by Anatomists and clinicians to guide both diagnosis and treatment. In Ayurveda, the concept of Anatomical landmark is already present but in scattered manner. The concept of Nabhi in Ayurveda is many folded concept which needs more exploration. It can be considered as Koshthanga, as Marma, as Sira & Dhamani Prabhava Sthana, as an anatomical landmark and many more. In this paper an attempt has been made to collect references related to Nabhi from various Samhitas indicating it as an anatomical landmark and by analyzing these references logically, the concept of Nabhi as an important landmark has been established and reconstructed in accordance with modern Anatomical landmark categories.

scholarly journals Glioblastoma and MiRNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Swalih P. Ahmed ◽  
Javier S. Castresana ◽  
Mehdi H. Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common types of lethal brain tumors. Although several treatment options are available including surgery, along with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy, the disease has a poor prognosis and patients generally die within 14 months of diagnosis. GB is chemo and radio resistant. Thus, there is a critical need for new insights into GB treatment to increase the chance of therapeutic success. This is why microRNA (miRNA) is being potentially considered in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. The objective of our review is to provide a holistic picture of GB up-regulated and down-regulated miRNA, in relationship with the expression of other genes, cell signaling pathways, and their role in GB diagnosis and treatment. MiRNA treatment is being considered to be used against GB together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the use of miRNA as a diagnostic tool has also begun. Knowing that miRNAs are isolated in almost all human body fluids and that there are more than 3000 miRNAs in the human genome, plus the fact that each miRNA controls hundreds of different mRNAs, there is still much study needed to explore how miRNAs relate to GB for its proliferation, progression, and inhibition.

scholarly journals Defining the limits of caesarean scar niche repair: new anatomical landmarks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanushree Rao ◽  
Neera Lambert ◽  
Bhaswati Ghosh ◽  
Timothy Chang
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Repair ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Video Presentation ◽  
Surgical Method ◽  
Caesarean Scar ◽  
Reproducible Technique ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Background Caesarean scar niche is increasingly being seen due to the rise in the number of caesarean sections worldwide. Indications and the ideal route for niche repair are still being researched. If the residual myometrium is less than 3 mm thick and potential fertility is needed, laparoscopy is the ideal surgical method for caesarean scar niche repair. The aim of this video presentation is to demonstrate techniques of identifying new anatomical landmarks during laparoscopic uterine niche repair. Results As seen in the video, Caesarean scar niche repair can be done in a step-by-step manner, with lateral bands serving as anatomical landmarks. Conclusions Lateral bands are a consistent anatomical landmark which identify the level and width of the uterine niche and thus simplify the laparoscopic repair making this a reproducible technique.

Is Incisura Fibularis a Reliable Landmark for Assessing Syndesmotic Stability? A Systematic Review of Morphometric Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akilesh Anand Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anatomical Landmark ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Incisura fibularis (IF) is an important landmark in assessing syndesmotic stability radiologically postinjury. The purpose of this review was to explore the anatomy and morphometrics of this widely used anatomical landmark and to further the understanding of the same. A systematic review was conducted online using PubMed and Google Scholar, per PRISMA guidelines. Predefined eligibility criteria were applied, and the data thus compiled were analyzed. Wide variability in morphometrics and, thus, anatomy of IF were observed in the present review, which was influenced by gender. There was no side-to-side variability seen in this study. The study stresses the need to consider the anatomical and gender-based variability while assessing syndesmotic stability and further supports the recommendation of side-to-side comparison. Levels of Evidence: Anatomical, Level V

scholarly journals A structured light laser probe for gastrointestinal polyp size measurement: a preliminary comparative study

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. E602-E609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Visentini-Scarzanella ◽  
Hiroshi Kawasaki ◽  
Ryo Furukawa ◽  
Marco Bonino ◽  
Simone Arolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Size Measurement ◽  
Polyp Size

Abstract Background and study aims Polyp size measurement is an important diagnostic step during gastrointestinal endoscopy, and is mainly performed by visual inspection. However, lack of depth perception and objective reference points are acknowledged factors contributing to measurement errors in polyp size. In this paper, we describe the proof-of-concept of a polyp measurement device based on structured light technology for future endoscopes. Patients and methods Measurement accuracy, time, user confidence, and satisfaction were evaluated for polyp size assessment by (a) visual inspection, (b) open biopsy forceps of known size, (c) ruled snare, and (d) structured light probe, for a total of 392 independent polyp measurements in ex vivo porcine stomachs. Results Visual assessment resulted in a median estimation error of 2.2 mm, IQR = 2.6 mm. The proposed probe can reduce the error to 1.5 mm, IQR = 1.67 mm (P = 0.002, 95 %CI) and its performance was found to be statistically similar to using forceps for reference (P = 0.81, 95 %CI) or ruled snare (P = 0.99, 95 %CI), while not occluding the tool channel. Timing performance with the probe was measured to be on average 54.75 seconds per polyp. This was significantly slower than visual assessment (20.7 seconds per polyp, P = 0.005, 95 %CI) but not significantly different from using a snare (68.5 seconds per polyp, P = 0.73, 95 %CI). However, the probe’s timing performance was partly due to lens cleaning problems in our preliminary design. Reported average satisfaction on a 0 – 10 range was highest for the proposed probe (7.92), visual assessment (7.01), and reference forceps (7.82), while significantly lower for snare users with a score of 4.42 (P = 0.035, 95 %CI). Conclusions The common practice of visual assessment of polyp size was found to be significantly less accurate than tool-based assessment, but easy to carry out. The proposed technology offers an accuracy on par with using a reference tool or ruled snare with the same satisfaction levels of visual assessment and without occluding the tool channel. Further study will improve the design to reduce the operating time by integrating the probe within the scope tip.

Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing two Methods of Acetabular Cup Positioning during Total Hip Arthroplasty

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-A. Vendittoli ◽  
M. Ganapathi ◽  
N. Duval ◽  
P. Lavoie ◽  
A. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Acetabular Cup ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Visuospatial Perception ◽  
Cup Positioning

Background Acetabular cup positioning is an important technical aspect in total hip arthroplasty. Most surgeons estimate cup abduction angle during surgery with the insertion rod position according to the patient's body anatomical landmarks or other reference points in the operating room. High acetabular component abduction angle is associated with an increased risk of dislocation, premature polyethylene wear and osteolysis. Method To evaluate the potential benefits of a new technique for vertical acetabular cup positioning, 100 acetabular cups were randomised to be inserted with or without an inclinometer. Abduction angles were measured on postoperative radiographs by 2 evaluators blind to the treatment group. Results Of the cups, 57% (27/47) were positioned within the desirable abduction angle range of 40°–49° with the inclinometer, compared with 50% (27/53) by visuospatial perception (p=0.454). The proportion of cups positioned outside a safe angle range of 30°–55° was low in both groups: 6% (3/47) for the inclinometer group versus 4% (2/53) for the visuospatial perception group (p=0.536). Conclusion The use of an inclinometer did not significantly improve the acetabular cup abduction angle obtained by our group of surgeons when compared with visuospatial perception. Newer techniques such as navigation may be useful in further optimising cup positioning and reducing the outliers.

scholarly journals The Hippocratic account of Mental Health: Humors and Human Temperament

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Tsagkaris ◽  
Konstantinos Kalachanis
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Humoral Theory ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

Introduction: A quintessential element of Hippocratic medicine is treatment of mental diseases which was based on a detailed examination of the symptoms as well as the study of human physiology and final outcome of the diseases which is based on humoral theory. Purpose: The aim of the work is to highlight the contribution of Hippocrates to the study of mental illness based on his theory of humors Methodology: Our study consists of interpretations of the original text of Hippocrates including extensive observations of anatomy and physiology of human body based on humoral theory. Then the information was evaluated  on the basis of modern literature in order to establish their validity. A major limitation of the research is the  lack of a systemic methodology to screen the Hippocratic corpus for relevant passages which actually requires interdisciplinary research in order to determine which aspects of Hippocratic medicine can be developed. Results: In Corpus Hippocraticum, it is highlighting that maintaining a relative proportion of humors in human body (apart from maintaining health) regulates the human temperament and its behavioral manifestations. Hippocrates, has included in his work observations not only on human physiology and diseases but also studies the environmental and geographical impact   on them, thus setting the stage for holistic approaches Conclusion: Summarizing, Hippocratic medicine and particularly his observations on mental disorders  provides a clear picture of the methodology used by Hippocrates which can be a guide for the adoption of good practices for contemporary scholars and clinicians on their everyday practice

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