scholarly journals The Hippocratic account of Mental Health: Humors and Human Temperament

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Tsagkaris ◽  
Konstantinos Kalachanis
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Humoral Theory ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

Introduction: A quintessential element of Hippocratic medicine is treatment of mental diseases which was based on a detailed examination of the symptoms as well as the study of human physiology and final outcome of the diseases which is based on humoral theory. Purpose: The aim of the work is to highlight the contribution of Hippocrates to the study of mental illness based on his theory of humors Methodology: Our study consists of interpretations of the original text of Hippocrates including extensive observations of anatomy and physiology of human body based on humoral theory. Then the information was evaluated  on the basis of modern literature in order to establish their validity. A major limitation of the research is the  lack of a systemic methodology to screen the Hippocratic corpus for relevant passages which actually requires interdisciplinary research in order to determine which aspects of Hippocratic medicine can be developed. Results: In Corpus Hippocraticum, it is highlighting that maintaining a relative proportion of humors in human body (apart from maintaining health) regulates the human temperament and its behavioral manifestations. Hippocrates, has included in his work observations not only on human physiology and diseases but also studies the environmental and geographical impact   on them, thus setting the stage for holistic approaches Conclusion: Summarizing, Hippocratic medicine and particularly his observations on mental disorders  provides a clear picture of the methodology used by Hippocrates which can be a guide for the adoption of good practices for contemporary scholars and clinicians on their everyday practice

Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
The Creation

Human Physiology: A Very Short Introduction explores how the human body works, senses, reacts, and defends itself. Physiology is the science of life. It considers how human bodies are supplied with energy, how they maintain their internal parameters, the ways in which they gather and process information or take action, and the creation of new generations. This VSI examines the experiments undertaken to understand the interplay of the vast variety of physiological mechanisms and principles within us, and analyses the ethical issues involved. It also looks at how enhanced understandings of physiological knowledge can help inform medical research and care.

scholarly journals Heraclitus and Hippocrates: the Paradigm of the Elements

Problemos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Jonas Čiurlionis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

The article analyses the remaining fragments and testimonies of Heraclitean philosophy and their connection with Hippocratic medicine. It is claimed that both schools belong to the same philosophical-scientific paradigm of the elements. Therefore, theoretical insights of the school of Cos might well serve explaining complicated and often difficult to interpret Heraclitean thoughts. Moreover, it is plausible that parts of Corpus Hippocraticum were written under the influence of the Heraclitean philosophy and therefore its analysis and interpretative application allows us to partially reconstruct the fragmented Heraclitean ideas into the single unified system. The article uses comparative analysis of both thinking traditions in regard to psychological, ethical, physiological, cosmological, and medical ideas. Similarities in explaining human nature are revealed. It is shown that science (medicine) and philosophy in Antiquity use the same paradigmatic utterances to describe reality. Therefore, there are many mutual interconnecting principles between early philosophy and medicine.

scholarly journals Wearable Textile Antennas with High Body-Antenna Isolation: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization Aspects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Atanasov ◽  
Gabriela Atanasova ◽  
Blagovest Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
High Body ◽  
Wearable Antennas ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Design Requirements

This chapter provides a brief overview of the types of wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation. The main parameters and characteristics of wearable antennas and their design requirements are discussed. Next, procedures (passive and active) to test the performance of wearable antennas are presented. The electromagnetic properties of the commercially available textiles used as antenna substrates are investigated and summarized here, followed by a more detailed examination of their effects on the performance of wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation. A trade-off between substrate electromagnetic properties and resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and maximum gain is presented. Finally, a case study is presented with detailed analyses and investigations of the low-profile all-textile wearable antennas with high body-antenna isolation and low SAR. Their interaction with a semisolid homogeneous human body phantom is discussed. The simulations and experimental results from different (in free-space and on-body) scenarios are presented.

Toward a Theology of Medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Balboni ◽  
Tracy A. Balboni
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine

This chapter highlights how within Western medicine’s partnership with the Abrahamic traditions, there were three foundational values informing why and how medicine should be practiced in caring for the sick: (1) the human body cannot be treated apart from the soul, (2) hospitality is the foundational motive driving clinicians and hospitals, and (3) medicine is a divine gift. The Abrahamic traditions imbued into medicine these understandings, justifying medicine’s proper use based on theological grounds. This theology is most clearly embedded in early encounters with Hippocratic medicine, which pushed Jewish and Christian thinkers to articulate perspectives that have penetrated these traditions from that time onward. As part of the larger argument of the book, it highlights how the Abrahamic traditions approached illness and medicine in order to better contextualize subsequent chapters that compare these traditional Western religious values to secular medicine.

scholarly journals d-amino Acids in Health and Disease: A Focus on Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacco J.A.J. Bastings ◽  
Hans M. van Eijk ◽  
Steven W. Olde Damink ◽  
Sander S. Rensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

d-amino acids, the enantiomeric counterparts of l-amino acids, were long considered to be non-functional or not even present in living organisms. Nowadays, d-amino acids are acknowledged to play important roles in numerous physiological processes in the human body. The most commonly studied link between d-amino acids and human physiology concerns the contribution of d-serine and d-aspartate to neurotransmission. These d-amino acids and several others have also been implicated in regulating innate immunity and gut barrier function. Importantly, the presence of certain d-amino acids in the human body has been linked to several diseases including schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders such as cataract and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, increasing evidence supports a role for d-amino acids in the development, pathophysiology, and treatment of cancer. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the various sources of d-amino acids, their metabolism, as well as their contribution to physiological processes and diseases in man, with a focus on cancer.

scholarly journals Medications and their use in the Graeco-Roman era

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
François Retief ◽  
Louise Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Corpus Hippocraticum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine ◽  
Positive Results

As from the 6th century BC Graeco-Roman medical therapy comprised three components, viz. diet and healthy lifestyle (regimen), surgery and medicaments (pharmacotherapy), of which the latter was the oldest. Although the Corpus Hippocraticum (5th century BC), with minor Egyptian influence, contained no text of medicines as such, and seemed to prefer regimen to medicaments, it nevertheless laid the foundation for the empirical use of pharmacotherapy (free of superstition and magic) for the next millennium. The first Greek herbal was produced by Diocles in the 4th century BC, when the botanist Theophrastus also wrote his classic works on plants which contained a significant contribution on herbal medicines. The Alexandrian Medical School systematized and expanded Hippocratic medicine, and Herophilus introduced compound preparations. The concept that medicaments cure illness by restoring the bodily balance of humours and primary properties was largely perpetuated, but new views on physiology were gradually emerging. Unfortunately the bulk of original contributions from Hellenistic doctors are lost to posterity and only known to us through the writings of for example Celsus and Galen in Roman times. The interesting history of theriac, the so-called universal antidote, is reviewed. In the 1st century Dioscorides produced his Materia Medica which remained an authoritative pharmacopoeia up to modern times. Galen’s empiric views on pharmacotherapy (2nd century), still largely based on Hippocrates, became dogma in Medieval times, but mysticism and superstition gradually swept back into medicine. Retrospectively it is clear that with the exception of certain analgesics and narcotics like opium, Graeco-Roman medicaments were pharmacologically inert (even toxic) and obtained positive results largely through a placebo effect.

Controlling Invertebrate Pests in Agriculture

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Page ◽  
Paul Horne
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

Controlling Invertebrate Pests in Agriculture discusses the principles of pest management and relates this to historical methods as well as current and future directions. It describes current practice, the concept of agricultural ecosystems, the role of pesticides and cultural control options. A separate chapter covers biological control and the different ways in which this may be implemented. The book provides a detailed examination of the application of pesticides, the different types that are available and how they may be integrated into more holistic approaches. A summary of all available pest control measures is given to allow the reader to decide which approach is best to adopt. The authors clearly describe why the most ecologically sound methods are not always adopted, but also explain why they can be adopted with great success. Examples of successful implementation of Integrated Pest Management are highlighted, together with a discussion on what is required in the future to achieve successful control of pests in a sustainable manner.

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