Characterization and Classification of Different Rice Growing Soils with Special Emphasis on Soil Organic Carbon Stock in Rajnagar Block of Birbhum District, West Bengal

Characterization and classification of rice growing soils of rainfed region of West Bengal is having an utmost importance for developing optimal agricultural land use planning. In the context of ever increasing food demand under dwindling agricultural land availability, rainfed areas have got the attention for enhancing food grain production for the national food basket. Hence, in the present study, we made an effort to characterize six rice growing soils placed in six different landform situations (plateau top, dissected plateau, plateau fringe, undulating upland, alluvial plains and valley fill) and classify accordingly for resource inventory of Rajnagar block, Birbhum district, West Bengal. Results depicted that, rice is grown mainly in Alfisols and Inceptisols in this block with varying morphological and physico-chemical characteristics. The soils are moderately deep to very deep with sandy loam to clay loam surface texture. Soils of plateau top, dissected plateau, plateau fringe, undulating upland, alluvial plains and valley fill were classified as Typic Haplustalfs, Aeric Endoaqualfs, Typic Haplustalfs, Typic Haplustepts, Aeric Endoaquepts, Typic Haplustalfs, respectively. The double crop rice ecology (rice-mustard) showed significantly (P=0.05) higher surface soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in surface as compared to the other monocrop rice ecologies. Among all the landforms compared, soils of valley fill region had the highest surface SOC stock (14.5 Mg ha-1) followed by plains (10.4 Mg ha-1), plateau fringe (7.7 Mg ha-1), plateau top (8.1 Mg ha-1), dissected plateau (7.2 Mg ha-1) and upland (6.9 Mg ha-1). Significantly (P=0.05) higher total profile SOC stock suggested a better soil health in valley fill and plains as compared to other areas that enhances our understanding about the need of the implementation of carbon management based land use planning for higher future productivity of these soils under environmental sustenance.

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Comparatives Study of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) under Forest, Cultivated and Barren Land: A Case of Chovar Village, Kathmandu

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v14i2.10422 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S Bhandari ◽

S Bam

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Barren Land ◽

C Stocks ◽

Soc Stock ◽

Land Use And Management

The study was carried out in Chovar village of Kritipur Municipality, Kathmandu to compare the soil organic carbon (SOC) of three main land use types namely forest, agricultural and barren land and to show how land use and management are among the most important determinants of SOC stock. Stratified random sampling method was used for collecting soil samples. Walkley and Black method was applied for measuring SOC. Land use and soil depth both affected SOC stock significantly. Forest soil had higher SOC stock (98 t ha-1) as compared to agricultural land with 36.6 t ha-1 and barren land with 83.6 t ha-1. Similarly, the SOC in terms of CO22-1, 79.27 to 22.02 CO2-e ha-1 and 121.11 to 80.74 CO2-1 for 0- 20 cm to 40-60 cm soil depth, respectively. Bulk density (BD) was found less in forest soil compared to other lands at all depths, which showed negative correlation with SOC. The study showed a dire need to increase current soil C stocks which can be achieved through improvements in land use and management practices, particularly through conservation and restoration of degraded forests and soils. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10422 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 103-108

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Land Cover and Land Use Change-Driven Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon in North-East Slovakian Croplands and Grasslands Between 1970 and 2013

Ekológia (Bratislava) ◽

10.2478/eko-2020-0012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 159-173

Author(s):

Rastislav Skalský ◽

Štefan Koco ◽

Gabriela Barančíková ◽

Zuzana Tarasovičová ◽

Ján Halas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Land Cover ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Management Practices ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

North East ◽

Soc Stock

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural land forms part of the global terrestrial carbon cycle and it affects atmospheric carbon dioxide balance. SOC is sensitive to local agricultural management practices that sum up into regional SOC storage dynamics. Understanding regional carbon emission and sequestration trends is, therefore, important in formulating and implementing climate change adaptation and mitigation policies. In this study, the estimation of SOC stock and regional storage dynamics in the Ondavská Vrchovina region (North-Eastern Slovakia) cropland and grassland topsoil between 1970 and 2013 was performed with the RothC model and gridded spatial data on weather, initial SOC stock and historical land cover and land use changes. Initial SOC stock in the 0.3-m topsoil layer was estimated at 38.4 t ha−1 in 1970. The 2013 simulated value was 49.2 t ha−1, and the 1993–2013 simulated SOC stock values were within the measured data range. The total SOC storage in the study area, cropland and grassland areas, was 4.21 Mt in 1970 and 5.16 Mt in 2013, and this 0.95 Mt net SOC gain was attributed to inter-conversions of cropland and grassland areas between 1970 and 2013, which caused different organic carbon inputs to the soil during the simulation period with a strong effect on SOC stock temporal dynamics.

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Achievements and challenges of the modelling of soil organic carbon in a highly variable Mediterranean area

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18914 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Saia ◽

Calogero Schillaci ◽

Aldo Lipani ◽

Alessia Perego ◽

Marco Acutis

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Arable Land ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Sampling Scheme ◽

Mediterranean Areas ◽

Sampling Campaign ◽

Soc Stock

Mediterranean areas are vulnerable and at high risk of desertification, although harboring high fractions of the global biodiversity. Resilience of these (agro)ecosystem strongly relies on soil preservation, and thus the reduction of both the sediment and soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. However, SOC dynamic is understudied in the Mediterranean areas, especially in the arid and semiarid regions [1].Here we are summarizing the known and unknown of the SOC modelling in a highly variable Mediterranean area, namely Sicily (southern Italy). In addition, we highlight main research needs to increase the reliability of the estimation of the SOC change in time.A total of 6674 soil samples were taken in various sampling campaigns from the 1993 to the 2008 from various depths (of which only 20% with soil bulk density [SBD] information) from both agricultural and forest lands on a 25,711-km2 area [2]. Such database was used for SOC modelling through various procedures including classification and regression trees (CARTs) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) [3-5].Modelling SOC stock estimated with an already developed pedotransfer (R2 = 0,3) function for SBD consisted in a high uncertainty, with a ratio between the model mean absolute error and the modelled 90th percentile higher than 26.9%, suggesting that SBD information or its reliable prediction is a prerequisite for SOC stock modelling in these areas, especially in agricultural land. In addition, taking into account the sampling campaign almost doubled the r squared of the CART models, which on average outcompeted the kriging and LASSO methods for the prediction certainty.When modelling the time-variation of the SOC concentration through the use of non-paired samples [5], the closer of which was few km apart, a mean SOC variation was highlighted, and the model yielded high pseudo-R2 (0.63&#8211;0.69) and low uncertainty (s.d. < 0.76 g C kg&#8722;1). However, these s.d. can be used only to highlight strong variations at a relatively low resolution (i.e. 1-km), especially if data are not collected with the same sampling scheme. The variation found in the aforementioned work [5] likely depended on a change of both the sampling scheme and land use rather than an accumulation or loss of SOC in a given land use.Thus, measuring SOC concentration and SBD in time-paired sites appears as a prerequisite to detect a SOC change in a given land use, especially if taking into account that the most important SOC predictors throughout the experiments were rainfall and temperatures and climate change is likely to differentially affect each site. To overcome such a lack, a time paired-sampling was performed in 2017 in 30 sites in the arable land, providing evidence that the increases estimated from the 1993 to 2008 were not evident when resampling the 10% of the 1993&#8217;s sites in field with continuous arable land use.&#160;Reference: [1] Schillaci et al. DOI: 10.3301/ROL.2018.68; [2] Schillaci et al. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2018.12.015; [3] Veronesi and Schillaci DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2019.02.026; [4] Lombardo et al. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.12.011; [5] Schillaci et al. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.239

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Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Afforested Agricultural Land in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest Zone

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12111562 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1562

Author(s):

Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽

Povilas Žemaitis ◽

Kęstutis Armolaitis ◽

Vidas Stakėnas ◽

Gintautas Urbaitis

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Stand Age ◽

Soc Stock ◽

The Mean ◽

Soc Stocks ◽

Topsoil Layer

In the context of the specificity of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in afforested land, nutrient-poor Arenosols and nutrient-rich Luvisols after afforestation with coniferous and deciduous tree species were studied in comparison to the same soils of croplands and grasslands. This study analysed the changes in SOC stock up to 30 years after afforestation of agricultural land in Lithuania, representing the cool temperate moist climate region of Europe. The SOC stocks were evaluated by applying the paired-site design. The mean mass and SOC stocks of the forest floor in afforested Arenosols increased more than in Luvisols. Almost twice as much forest floor mass was observed in coniferous than in deciduous stands 2–3 decades after afforestation. The mean bulk density of fine (<2 mm) soil in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of croplands was higher than in afforested sites and grasslands. The clear decreasing trend in mean bulk density due to forest stand age with the lowest values in the 21–30-year-old stands was found in afforested Luvisols. In contrast, the SOC concentrations in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer, especially in Luvisols afforested with coniferous species, showed an increasing trend due to the influence of stand age. The mean SOC values in the 0–30 cm mineral topsoil layer of Arenosols and Luvisols during the 30 years after afforestation did not significantly differ from the adjacent croplands or grasslands. The mean SOC stock slightly increased with the forest stand age in Luvisols; however, the highest mean SOC stock was detected in the grasslands. In the Arenosols, there was higher SOC accumulation in the forest floor with increasing stand age than in the Luvisols, while the proportion of SOC stocks in mineral topsoil layers was similar and more comparable to grasslands. These findings suggest encouragement of afforestation of former agricultural land under the current climate and soil characteristics in the region, but the conversion of perennial grasslands to forest land should be done with caution.

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Application of RothC model to predict soil organic carbon stock on agricultural soils of Slovakia

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/23/2009-swr ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

G. Barančíková ◽

J. Halás ◽

M. Gutteková ◽

J. Makovníková ◽

M. Nováková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽

Rothc Model ◽

Soc Stock ◽

Organic Carbon Stock

Soil organic matter (SOM) takes part in many environmental functions and, depending on the conditions, it can be a source or a sink of the greenhouse gases. Presently, the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock can arise because of the climatic changes or changes in the land use and land management. A promising method in the estimation of SOC changes is modelling, one of the most used models for the prediction of changes in soil organic carbon stock on agricultural land being the RothC model. Because of its simplicity and availability of the input data, RothC was used for testing the efficiency to predict the development of SOC stock during 35-year period on agricultural land of Slovakia. The received data show an increase of SOC stock during the first (20 years) phase and no significant changes in the course of the second part of modelling. The increase of SOC stock in the first phase can be explained by a high carbon input of plant residues and manure and a lower temperature in comparison with the second modelling part.

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Soil organic carbon assessment under different land uses in Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v12i4.2372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 478-483

Author(s):

Surya Prabha A.C. ◽

Velumani R. ◽

Senthivelu M. ◽

Arulmani K. ◽

Pragadeesh S.

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Land Uses ◽

Forest Land ◽

Size Fractions ◽

Soc Stock ◽

Cauvery Delta

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a vital role in soil fertility and is important for its contributions to mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The present study was undertaken to estimate the SOC stock in soils under different land uses of Cauvery Delta zone of Tamil Nadu. Four different land uses were selected for the study viz, Forests, Agriculture, Agro-forestry and Plantations. Soil samples were collected from Madukkur and Kalathur soil series of Cauvery Delta zone for soil carbon analysis. The soil samples were fractionated into three aggregate size classes viz., macro-aggregates (250-2000µm), micro-aggregates (53-250 µm) and silt and clay sized fraction (<53 µm). At 0-30 cm depth, the forest land use stored the maximum SOC stock in the different size fractions viz. macro-sized fraction (73.0 Mg ha-1), a micro-sized fraction (76.0 Mg ha-1) and silt+clay sized fraction (77.0 Mg ha-1) in Madukkur series. Agriculture land use registered the lowest SOC stock. Among the different size fractions, silt+clay sized fraction (< 53 µm) retained the maximum SOC in all the land uses. In Kalathur series also, maximum soil organic carbon stock was recorded in forest land use. The data generated in the study will be beneficial to the user groups viz., farmers in identifying the most suitable land use for enhancing the storage of soil organic carbon thereby improving yields of crops and trees.

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Influence of Agricultural Land Use on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in an Arid Ecosystem

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2020.dec6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

Author(s):

V. Mahajan ◽

◽

D. Vasu ◽

P. Tiwary ◽

P. Chandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Carbon Pool ◽

Organic Carbon Fractions ◽

The Arid Regions ◽

Plantation Crops ◽

Soc Fractions

This study aims to determine the effect of land-use systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions in an arid agro-ecosystem (Kachchh District, Gujarat). SOC fractions (very labile, labile, less labile, and non-labile) and pools (active and passive) from six pedons (two each from mango orchards, sorghum, and cotton cultivated fields) were estimated. The results showed that SOC and its fractions, except the labile fraction, were significantly affected by land-use up to 20 cm depth. Further, land use significantly affected the absolute content of active carbon pool at 0-10 and 10-20 cm (p<0.05) depth, whereas the effect was significant at 20-50 cm depth at p<0.1. The higher passive carbon pool under the mango plantations indicates plantation crops’ potential to increase the carbon sequestration in the soils. The soils under sorghum with higher passive carbon pool suggest that high-root density crops can increase the carbon storage in the arid regions.

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Supporting land degradation neutrality assessment by soil organic carbon stock mapping in Hungary

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4832 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annamária Laborczi ◽

Gábor Szatmári ◽

János Mészáros ◽

Sándor Koós ◽

Béla Pirkó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Carbon Stocks ◽

Conversion Factors ◽

Land Use Conversion ◽

Soc Stock ◽

Default Data ◽

Stock Values

&#8216;Strategic objective 1&#8217; of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) aims to improve conditions of affected ecosystems, combat desertification/land degradation, promote sustainable land management, and contribute to land degradation neutrality. The indicator &#8216;Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area&#8217; (SO1) is compiled from three sub-indicators: &#8216;Trends in land cover&#8217; (SO1-1), &#8216;Trends in land productivity or functioning of the land&#8217; (SO1-2), &#8216;Trends in carbon stocks above and below ground&#8217; (SO1-3).Soil organic carbon (SOC) stock can be adopted as the metric of SO1-3, until globally accepted methods for estimating the total terrestrial system carbon stocks will be elaborated. SOC can be considered as one of the most important properties of soil, which shows not just spatial but temporal variability. According to our previous results in the topic, UNCCD default data of SOC stock for Hungary is strongly recommended to be replaced with country specific estimation of SOC stock.SOC stock maps were compiled in the framework of DOSoReMI.hu (Digital, Optimized, Soil Related Maps and Information in Hungary) initiative, predicted by proper digital soil mapping (DSM) method. Reference soil data were derived from a countrywide monitoring system. The selection of environmental covariates was based on the SCORPAN model. The elaborated SOC stock mapping methodology have two components: (1) point support modelling, where SOC stock is computed at the level of soil profile, and (2) spatial modelling (quantile regression forest), where spatial prediction and uncertainty quantification are carried out using the computed SOC stock values.We analyzed how SOC stock changed between 1998 and 2016. &#160;Nationwide SOC stock predictions were compiled for the years 1998, 2010, 2013, and 2016. For the intermediate years, we do not recommend to calculate SOC stock values, because we have no information on the dynamics of change in the intervening years. Based on the 1998 SOC stock prediction, we compiled a SOC stock map for 2018, using only land use conversion factors, according to the default data conversion values.According to the elaborated scheme during the respective period, significant changes cannot be detected, only tendentious SOC stock changes appear. Based on our results, we recommend to use spatially predicted layers for all years when data are available, rather than calculating SOC stock change based on land use conversion factors.Acknowledgment: Our research was supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH; K-131820) and by the Premium Postdoctoral Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (PREMIUM-2019-390) (G&#225;bor Szatm&#225;ri).

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Previous land use and climate influence differences in soil organic carbon following reforestation of agricultural land with mixed-species plantings

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2016.04.026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 61-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jacqueline R. England ◽

Keryn I. Paul ◽

Shaun C. Cunningham ◽

Dinesh B. Madhavan ◽

Thomas G. Baker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Mixed Species

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Capacity for increasing soil organic carbon stocks in dryland agricultural systems

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr12373 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 657 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

F. C. Hoyle ◽

M. D'Antuono ◽

T. Overheu ◽

D. V. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Western Australia ◽

Soil Type ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Soc Stock

Assessment of the potential for soil carbon sequestration based on soil type, land use, and climate scenarios is crucial for determining which agricultural regions can be used to help mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. In semi-arid and Mediterranean-type environments, soil organic carbon (SOC) storage capacity is rarely achieved under dryland agricultural systems. We aimed to assess both actual (measured) and attainable (modelled) SOC stock values for the dryland agricultural production zone of Western Australia. We measured actual SOC storage (0–0.3 m) and known constraints to plant growth for a range of soils types (3–27% clay) and land uses (continuous cropping, mixed cropping, annual and perennial pastures) on the Albany sand plain in Western Australia (n = 261 sites), spanning a rainfall gradient of 421–747 mm. Average actual SOC stocks for land use–soil type combinations ranged from 33 to 128 t C/ha (0–0.3 m). Up to 89% of the variability in actual SOC stock was explained by soil depth, rainfall, land use, and soil type. The scenarios modelled with Roth-C predicted that attainable SOC values of 59–140 t C/ha (0–0.3 m) could be achieved within 100 years. This indicated an additional storage capacity of 5–45% (7–27 t C/ha) depending on the specific land use–soil type combination. However, actual SOC in the surface 0–0.1 m was 95 to >100% of modelled attainable SOC values, suggesting this soil depth was ‘saturated’. Our findings highlight that additional SOC storage capacity in this region is limited to the subsoil below 0.1 m. This has implications for management strategies to increase SOC sequestration in dryland agricultural systems, as current practices tend to concentrate organic matter near the soil surface.

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