scholarly journals Các Vitamin cần thiết như thế nào đối với bệnh nhân đái tháo đường typ 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Trung Vinh Hoàng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1

Bài tổng quan sau đây nói về mối liên quan giữa đái tháo đường typ 2 (ĐTĐT2) với từng loại vitamin nói chung cũng như vitamin tổng hợp. Nồng độ các vitamin có tác dụng chống gốc tự do như vitamin A, C và E đều giảm ở BN ĐTĐ làm gia tăng các stress oxi hóa, góp phần gây bất thường chuyển hóa glucose. Mặt khác các protein mang retinol (vitamin A) còn có tác dụng điều biến tương tự như các adipokin. Mặc dù cơ chế gây giảm nồng độ các vitamin nhóm B như thiamin (vitamin B1), vitamin B6 và biotin là hoàn toàn chưa rõ song nếu bổ sung các loại đó lại có tác dụng cải thiện kiểm soát chuyển hóa ở BN ĐTĐ. Hấp thu acid folic và vitamin B12 sẽ bị giảm đi nếu sử dụng merformin kéo dài trong khi đó đây lại là thuốc lựa chọn hàng đầu để điều trị ĐTĐ chưa có biến chứng. Chính vì vậy nồng độ hai loại này bị thiếu hụt, rất cần bổ sung thường xuyên. Vitamin D đóng vai trò như là yếu tố nguy cơ (YTNC) gây biến chứng ở BN trong đó có biến chứng tim mạch. Cũng có ý kiến cho rằng vitamin K có liên quan đến chuyển hóa glucose song cần phải có thêm bằng chứng trong nghiên cứu. Việc sử dụng vitamin tổng hợp cho hiệu quả chưa rõ rệt. Tuy vậy hiện nay vẫn chưa có một chỉ định thống nhất nào về bồi phụ vitamin thiếu hụt ngoại trừ sử dụng acid folic và vitamin B12 nếu điều trị bằng metformin kéo dài.

PERBAIKAN KADAR ALBUMIN PASIEN POST AMPUTASI ET CAUSA LUKA BAKAR LISTRIK 25% DERAJAT III DAN STATUS GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASUPAN TINGGI PROTEIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Diane Paparang ◽  
Nurpudji A. Taslim ◽  
Haerani Rasyid ◽  
A. Yasmin Syauki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1

Pendahuluan Proses penyembuhan luka post amputasi dan luka bakar dengan luas 25% dan kedalaman derajat III serta hipoalbuminemia sedang (albumin 2,6g/dL) dan status gizi kurang memerlukan terapi gizi spesifik tinggi protein. Laporan Kasus Tn.I, laki-laki, 28 tahun dikonsul oleh bagian bedah dengan luka post amputasi dan  luka bakar listrik derajat III luas 25%. Keluhan utama asupan makan kurang sejak 16 hari terakhir karena nafsu makan kurang akibat nyeri pada luka post amputasi dan luka bakar. Ada nyeri ulu hati dan demam menggigil. Asupan 24 jam 1000kkal. Pasien didiagnosis dengan status gizi kurang (LLA=80,7%), status metabolik anemia normositik normokrom (Hb 9.7 g/dl), deplesi sedang sistem imun (TLC 940/µL), hipoalbuminemia (albumin 2,6g/dL) dan status gastrointestinal fungsional. Terapi nutrisi dengan energi 2500 kkal, protein 2 gr/kgBBI/hari (23%), karbohidrat 57% dan lemak 20 %, melalui oral berupa makanan biasa 1250 kkal, ONS glutamine 2.5g/hari, suplementasi 6 butir putih telur (protein 31,5g/hari), vitamin C 1g/24jam, vitamin A 6.000IU/12jam, vitamin B1-100mg, vitamin B6-200mg, vitamin B12-200mg, Zinc 50mg/24jam, selenium 55µg, Curcuma 400mg/8jam dan ekstrak ikan gabus 2 kapsul/8 jam. Setelah perawatan 30 hari, terjadi perbaikan dalam penyembuhan luka, peningkatan LLA menjadi 23,5cm, peningkatan hemoglobin 9.3g/dl, peningkatan sistem imun (TLC 2064/µL), peningkatan albumin 3.9g/dL. Kesimpulan Terapi nutrisi spesifik dengan protein 2 gr/kgBBI dapat meningkatkan kadar albumin dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka pada pasien luka bakar.

PERBAIKAN ANEMIA PADA PASIEN HIV STADIUM III DAN STATUS GIZI KURANG DENGAN PEMBERIAN ASUPAN TINGGI PROTEIN DAN MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT SUPPLEMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Maria Ingrid Budiman ◽  
Agussalim Bukhari ◽  
R Sutrisno ◽  
A. Yasmin Syauki
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient

Latar Belakang Anemia normositik normokrom terjadi pada 60% hingga 80% pasien HIV. Anemia dapat menurunkan survival, mempercepat progresivitas penyakit, dan meningkatkan mortalitas pada pasien HIV. Pemberian asupan tinggi protein dan multiple micronutrient supplement diperlukan untuk memperbaiki kadar hemoglobin dan mencegah perburukan anemia. Laporan Kasus Seorang pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki, umur 25 tahun dikonsulkan dari bagian penyakit dalam dengan diagnosis HIV stadium III untuk terapi nutrisi. Keluhan utama asupan makan berkurang sejak satu bulan terakhir akibat nafsu makan berkurang. Pasien mengeluh batuk, sesak, dan demam.  Pasien tersebut memiliki riwayat berganti pasangan, dan sedang dalam pengobatan OAT hari ketiga. Asupan 24 jam 769 kkal. Dari pemeriksaan laboratorium, didapatkan anemia (Hb 9,5 g/dl), deplesi berat sistem imun (TLC 613/µL), dan hipoalbuminemia (2,1 g/dl). Status gizi pasien ini adalah gizi kurang berdasarkan ukuran lingkar lengan atas (73% LLA). Terapi nutrisi diberikan melalui oral dengan energi 2200 kkal, protein 2gr/kgBBI/hari(17%), karbohidrat 50% dan lemak 33% berupa makanan lunak, buah, dan susu formula. Suplementasi yang diberikan adalah zinc 20mg/24jam, vitamin A 6000/24jam, vitamin B1 100 mg/24jam, vitamin B6 200 mg/24jam, vitamin B12 200 µg/24jam, vitamin C100mg/24jam, dan ekstrak ikan gabus 2kapsul/8jam. Setelah perawatan selama 13 hari, pasien dipulangkan dengan status gizi: gizi kurang (IMT 18,36kg/m2), anemia (Hb 11,6 g/dl), deplesi berat sistem imun (TLC 462/µL), dan hipoalbuminemia (3,1 g/dl).  Kesimpulan Terapi nutrisi yang adekuat dapat memperbaiki anemia pasien HIV stadium III.

scholarly journals Vitamin Intake and Loss of Muscle Mass in Older People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study of the KAMOGAWA-DM Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Fuyuko Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Ayumi Kaji ◽  
Ryosuke Sakai ◽  
Yuka Kawate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to examine the relationships between the intakes of various vitamins and the loss of muscle mass in older people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The change in skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) (kg/m2/year) was defined as follows: (SMI at baseline (kg/m2) − SMI at follow-up (kg/m2))/follow-up period (year). The rate of SMI reduction (%) was calculated as follows (the change in SMI (kg/m2/year)/SMI at baseline (kg/m2)) × 100. The rate of SMI reduction ≥ 1.2% was considered as the loss of muscle mass. Among 197 people with T2DM, 47.2% of them experienced the loss of muscle mass at the 13.7 ± 5.2 month follow-up. Vitamin B1 (0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3 mg/day, p = 0.031), vitamin B12 (11.2 ± 8.3 vs. 13.4 ± 7.5 μg/day, p = 0.049), and vitamin D (16.5 ± 12.2 vs. 21.6 ± 13.0 μg/day, p = 0.004) intakes in people with the loss of muscle mass were significantly lower than those without. Vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass after adjusting for sex, age, exercise, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, SMI, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, insulin, HbA1c, creatinine, energy intake, and protein intake (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–0.97, p = 0.003). This study showed that vitamin D intake was related to the loss of muscle mass in older people with T2DM. Vitamin B12 intake tended to be related to the loss of muscle mass, although vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and vitamin E intake were not related.

B-Vitamine in der Geriatrie – was bestimmen, was ersetzen?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Marija Djukic ◽  
Christine A. F. von Arnim
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Barthel Index ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Geriatrische Patienten ◽  
Klinische Diagnose ◽  
Neurologische Symptome ◽  
Diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit

ZusammenfassungEin Vitamin-B1-Mangel kann sich als Wernicke-Enzephalopathie oder als Beriberi manifestieren. Geriatrische Patienten mit den Diagnosen Demenz oder Delir haben niedrigere Vitamin-B1-Spiegel als solche ohne diese Diagnosen. Ebenso zeigen sich bei geriatrischen Patienten mit höherem Vitamin-B1-Spiegel bessere Ergebnisse in der Funktionalität (Barthel-Index) bei Entlassung. Vitamin B6 ist an über 100 Reaktionen als Koenzym beteiligt und ein Mangel kann daher mit vielen Symptomen einhergehen. Klinische Manifestationen des Vitamin-B12-Mangels reichen von frühen neuropsychiatrischen bis zu hämatologischen Symptomen, wobei die makrozytäre Anämie als später Indikator eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels gilt. Neurologische Symptome treten sehr häufig schon vor oder ohne hämatologische Manifestationen auf. Die Bestimmung des Vitamin-B1-Spiegels im Blut ist wenig aussagekräftig. Die Wernicke-Enzephalopathie ist eine klinische Diagnose. Zur Diagnose eines Vitamin-B6-Mangels wird die Bestimmung von Pyridoxin (Pyridoxal-5′-Phosphat) im Plasma empfohlen. Ein erniedrigter Holo-TC-Spiegel im Serum gilt als frühester Marker eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels. Eine kombinierte Bestimmung von Vitamin B12, Holo-TC, MMA und Homozystein scheint die diagnostische Zuverlässigkeit bei Vitamin-B12-Mangel zu erhöhen. Für Empfehlungen zur Substitutionstherapie bei allen B-Vitaminen liegen kaum bzw. keine evidenzbasierten Daten vor. Durch die Substitution von 0,8 mg Folsäure, 0,5 mg Vitamin B12 und 20 mg Vitamin B6 konnte in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie bei Patienten mit einer leichten kognitiven Störung eine Verlangsamung der Hirnatrophie bewirkt werden.

V

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-843
Author(s):  
Sean Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Maternal Treatment

This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with V, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Vancomycin, Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin and vaccine, Vasopressin, desmopressin, and terlipressin, Vigabatrin, Vitamin A (retinol), Vitamin B12 (hydroxocobalamin), Vitamin D (special formulations), Vitamin D (standard formulations), Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol), Vitamin K1 = phytomenadione (rINN), phytonadione (USAP), and Vitamins (multi-vitamins)

scholarly journals The Role of Neurotropic B Vitamins in Nerve Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Simone Baltrusch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Nerve Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Neuronal Viability ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
A Site

Damage and regeneration naturally occur in the peripheral nervous system. The neurotropic B vitamins thiamine (B1), pyridoxine (B6), and cobalamin (B12) are key players, which maintain the neuronal viability in different ways. Firstly, they constantly protect nerves against damaging environmental influences. While vitamin B1 acts as a site-directed antioxidant, vitamin B6 balances nerve metabolism, and vitamin B12 maintains myelin sheaths. However, nerve injury occurs at times, because of an imbalance between protective factors and accumulating stress and noxae. This will result in the so-called Wallerian degeneration process. The presence of vitamins B1, B6, and B12 paves the way out to the following important regeneration by supporting the development of new cell structures. Furthermore, vitamin B1 facilitates the usage of carbohydrates for energy production, whereas vitamin B12 promotes nerve cell survival and remyelination. Absence of these vitamins will favor permanent nerve degeneration and pain, eventually leading to peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals Nutritionally Enhanced Probioticated Whole Pineapple Juice

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Wilawan Palachum ◽  
Wanna Choorit ◽  
Yusuf Chisti
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Pineapple Pulp

Nutritionally enhanced probioticated whole pineapple juice (WPJ, comprising juice of pineapple pulp and peel) beverages were produced by fermentation of WPJ with the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum WU-P19. The 12 h fermented juice contained between 2.1 × 109 and 3.7 × 109 live cells of the probiotic per milliliter, depending on the beverage formulation. The beverage had a pH of around 4.1 and a lactic acid content of ~12.8 g L−1. It had a total sugar (glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose) content of ~100.2 g L−1. During fermentation, some of the initial glucose and fructose were consumed by the probiotic, but sucrose and maltose were not consumed. The original WPJ was free of vitamin B12, but fermentation enhanced vitamin B12 content (~19.5 mg L−1). In addition, fermentation enhanced the concentrations of vitamins B2, B3, and B6, but the bacterium consumed some of the vitamin B1 originally present. From a nutritional perspective, the final probioticated beverage was a good source of vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin B6. In addition, it contained nutritionally useful levels of vitamins B1, B2, and B3. The calorific value of the final beverage was 56.94 kcal per 100 mL. The product was stable during 21-day refrigerated (4 °C) storage.

scholarly journals Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi, Asupan Makanan dengan Status Gizi Siswi Mts Darul Ulum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pengetahuan gizi merupakan landasan perilaku gizi seseorang, yang akan berefek pada asupan makanan dan status gizi siswi. Tujuan penelitian ialah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan asupan makanan dengan status gizi. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak  51 siswi Mts Darul Ulum kelas 8 dan 9. Penelitian dilakukan bulan September 2019-Februari  2020. Uji hubungan menggunakan uji  Pearson dan uji Sperman’s rho. Uji korelasi pengetahuan gizi dan asupan energi p=0,103;  protein p=0,556; lemak p= 0,570; karbohidrat p=0,261; vitamin A p=0,036; vitamin D p=0,745; vitamin E=0,506; vitamin K p=0,590; vitamin C p=0,534; natrium p=0,491; kalsium p=0,640; zat besi p= 0,323. Hasil uji korelasi asupan energi dengan status gizi p=0,021; karbohidrat p=0,107; protein p=0,020; lemak p=0,32; vitamin A p=0,242; vitamin D p=0,491; vitamin E p=0,587; vitamin K p= 0,600; vitamin C p=0,069; natrium p=0,031; kalsium p=0,077; zat besi p=0,018. Ada hubungan pengetahuan gizi dan makanan dengan status gizi.

Kurzschluss im Nervensystem: Ausgewählte Umweltfaktoren und Mikronährstoffe bei Multipler Sklerose

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Uwe Gröber
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Multiple Sklerose ◽  
Chronisch Entzündliche

ZusammenfassungAls Ursachen für die chronisch entzündliche Autoimmunerkrankung Multiple Sklerose (MS) werden neben einer genetisch bedingten Prädisposition Infektionen und weitere Faktoren wie Rauchen, Übergewicht, Fehlernährung, Stress und Vitamin-D-Mangel diskutiert. Die Ernährung hat über die Darmmikrobiota direkten Einfluss auf die Gesundheit des ZNS. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass eine Ernährung mit ω-3-Fettsäuren und viel Gemüse, Hülsenfrüchten und Vollkornprodukten durch positive Beeinflussung von Darmflora und Darmbarriere bei MS günstig wirkt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt Mikronährstoffen wie Antioxidanzien, Vitamin B12, Biotin und Vitamin A zu.

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