scholarly journals Middle East: A Regional Instability Prototype Provoking Third Party Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (IV) ◽  
pp. 525-542
Author(s):  
Waseem Din
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third Party

Middle East Experience in Palliative Care

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaith F. Abu Zeinah ◽  
Sadeer G. Al-Kindi ◽  
Azza Adel Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Palliative Care (PC) is still a relatively new concept in the Middle East (ME). It was first introduced in Saudi Arabia in 1992 and only recently in countries such as Qatar, Bahrain, and the UAE. Although the majority of Middle-Eastern countries, including Palestine, Iraq, Oman and Lebanon are in the capacity building phase, others such as Saudi and Jordan already have localized provision. In the absence of any of the ME countries approaching integration with the mainstream service providers, Saudi Arabia and Jordan are currently setting examples of achievement in the field. There are still countries with little or no known Palliative Care activity (Yemen and Syria). Political issues, scarcity of resources, and lack of education and awareness seem to be the common factors restricting the progress of this field in most countries. In order to improve the suboptimal PC services in the ME, emphasis should be directed toward providing formal education to professionals and raising awareness of the public. It is also necessary to put all differences aside and develop cross-border collaborations, whether through third party organizations such as the Middle East Cancer Consortium (MECC) or otherwise. This review compiles the available literature on the history and progress of the field of PC in most ME countries, while pointing out the major obstacles encountered by the active parties of each country.

scholarly journals Terroryzm sponsorowany przez państwa. Casus bliskowschodnich państw-sponsorów

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Artur Wejkszner
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Direct Support

The point of interest in this paper is the issue of state-sponsored terrorism. The essence of this form of terrorism is the intentional (indirect or direct) support, offered by state sponsors to terrorist organizations, and the intention to let them achieve their political, strategic or tactical goals, usually concerning the citizens, governments or the territory of third-party countries. The paper presents a classification of the range of such support and concentrates on the analysis of the motives and means applied by the state sponsors. Owing to historical conditions and the range and scope of support granted, the paper uses the examples of Iran, Syria and Iraq. Only the former two states offer permanent support to terrorist organizations in the Middle East. After the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime, Iraqi authorities have abandoned this activity as it was actually harmful to the interests of their country.

An Event Data Analysis of Third-Party Mediation in the Middle East and Balkans

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Schrodt ◽  
Deborah J. Gerner
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Event Data Analysis

Keeping the Peace Between Egypt and Israel, 1973–1980

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nissim Bar-Yaacov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Security Council ◽  
International Community ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Dominant Pattern ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Yom Kippur

Third party involvement in keeping the peace in the Middle East has been a constant phenomenon accompanying the vicissitudes of the Arab-Israeli conflict from the war of 1948 up to the present day. The dominant pattern has been the employment of United Nations forces and observers, charged with supervising either the implementation of Security Council resolutions calling for the cessation of hostilities, or the implementation of agreements reached between the parties concerned. The uninterrupted presence of UN personnel in the Middle East has shown that the international community as a whole and the parties in conflict have considered UN peacekeeping essential for reducing tensions and instrumental in bringing to an end local flare-ups. It was only natural that immediately after the Yom Kippur War of October 1973 the states actively involved in the pursuit of peace should rely on the establishment of effective UN supervisory machinery to monitor the execution by the parties of the various security arrangements agreed upon. A United Nations Emergency Force was accordingly dispatched to the Egyptian-Israeli sector and undertook the task of supervision, with the cooperation of observers belonging to the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization. However, foreseen and unforeseen problems arose in the process leading from one disengagement agreement to another and to the treaty of peace between Egypt and Israel of March 1979.

Regional Power Role and Intervention: The Turkish Case Over Syria in the 2000s

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-164
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Sever
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Regional Power ◽  
The Face ◽  
Turkish Case ◽  
Power Role ◽  
Syrian Conflict

The article elaborates how Turkey’s relations with Syria, which have been pursued by varying foreign policy instruments and conduct, have greatly affected Turkey’s standing on the Middle East during the 2000s. By employing the relevant concepts, “regional power” and “third party intervention” in the literature, the article aims to explain the changes caused by the Syrian conflict in the AKP’s ( Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—the Justice and Development Party) foreign policy in a better frame. After the Syrian conflict, Turkey’s increasing intervention in Syria including use of force resulted in a new power projection other than soft power in its regional relations. Neighboring a civil war state caused Ankara to organize its relations with Syria and the Middle East in a new context which requires new mechanisms, new partnerships, and new interpretations in the face of rising nongovernmental armed groups, refugee flows, changing regional alignments, and diverging interests with its major Western allies.

Dynamics of Third Party Intervention: Kissinger in the Middle East

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Campbell ◽  
Jeffrey Z. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Third Party Intervention
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