scholarly journals Comparison of Accelerated Decay and Graveyard Test on Selected Malaysian Timber Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Noor Azrieda A.R ◽  
Salmiah U ◽  
Rahim S
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Geographical Locations

The natural durability of timber may be defined as ‘inherent resist ance of timber to attackby wood deteriorat ion agents such as wood decay ing fungi and wood destroying insects’. In Malay sia, natural durabilit y of t imber is det ermined using a ‘gravey ard’ test . The average time taken for this test is more than 10 years. The results of this test method donot provide information on longevity (service life) either out of ground contact, or inother geographical locations. Comparison of natural durability requires the use ofstandard test method where for example in Europe, the accepted laboratory method is EN350-1. This paper briefly describes the rating of natural durability based on comparisonresults of the two test methods stated i.e the exterior graveyard test and the interior laboratory test.

Problems and Pitfalls in the Evaluation and Design of New Biocides for Plastics Applications*

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kneale
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Biocidal Products ◽  
End Use

Many factors need to be considered in the design of new biocides for use in plastics applications. In Europe, biocides are now becoming more tightly regulated under the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD), and a significant data package needs to be provided not only for the registration of new actives, but also for existing biocides and biocidal formulations. A novel biocide must be compatible with the polymer matrix and must not adversely affect its physical properties. Once the issue of compatibility has been overcome, the antimicrobial efficacy of the biocide in the substrate should be established. Before selecting a test method to demonstrate such efficacy, it is necessary to consider whether the substrate should be pre-conditioned to simulate end use conditions, e.g. by leaching or artificial weathering. The final use of the product can also dictate the test protocol, e.g. a building membrane for ground contact should be evaluated using a soil burial test. Historically, biocides have been added to plastics to prevent their spoilage by fungal attack. Latterly, plastics with antibacterial effects have aroused much public interest. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional test methods will be discussed, and an alternative method for the evaluation of biocidal performance that is thought to be more representative of end use conditions will be presented.

scholarly journals NATURAL DURABILITY OF SEVEN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES IN GROUND CONTACT AT THREE SITES IN MÉXICO

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Colín-Urieta S ◽  
Carrillo-Parra A ◽  
Rutiaga-Quiñones JG ◽  
López-Albarrán P ◽  
Gabriel-Parra R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Durability ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Tropical Timber

A proposed accelerated field stake test for rapid assessment of wood preservative systems

Holzforschung ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor P. Schultz ◽  
Darrel D. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Abstract A ground-contact field test which would yield faster deterioration data when testing new wood preservative systems would be useful. This paper reports on an accelerated field test concept where wood samples are treated with a proposed preservative and a reference system with known efficacy, with the treated samples installed next to ground-contact wood feeder stakes that are already infected with wood decay fungi. This method was employed to compare decay efficacies of wood treated with four copper systems commonly available in the US. Two preliminary short-term studies show that this test method can provide differentiation between preservatives systems after only a short exposure period.

An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
CORY JAY WILSON ◽  
BENJAMIN FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Sample Height ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Parameters Identification and Dynamic Model Validation of Interior-Mount Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

Machines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman S. Maraaba ◽  
Zakariya M. Al-Hamouz ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Milhem ◽  
Ssennoga Twaha
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Induction Machines ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors ◽  
Synchronous Motors

The application of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) is rapidly spreading due to their advantages of high efficiency, high operational power factor, being self-starting, rendering them as highly needed in many applications in recent years. Although there have been standard methods for the identification of parameters of synchronous and induction machines, most of them do not apply to LSPMSMs. This paper presents a study and analysis of different parameter identification methods for interior mount LSPMSM. Experimental tests have been performed in the laboratory on a 1-hp interior mount LSPMSM. The measurements have been validated by investigating the performance of the machine under different operating conditions using a developed qd0 mathematical model and an experimental setup. The dynamic and steady-state performance analyses have been performed using the determined parameters. It is found that the experimental results are close to the mathematical model results, confirming the accuracy of the studied test methods. Therefore, the output of this study will help in selecting the proper test method for LSPMSM.

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