The state of road safety as a competitive advantage of the carrier on the market for scheduled passenger transportation

Author(s):  
K. S. Bakanov ◽  
A. S. Ermaganbetov

In this article general approaches to organizing regular passenger traffic are considered buses, taking into account the observance of the principle of road safety as competitive advantage in the market of regular passenger transportation, including during competitive procedures under state and municipal purchases, as well as in the competition for representation the right to work on the route of regular transportation. Legal mechanisms are proposed that ensure the connection between the state of road safety during transportation at the carrier’s service facility, with further economic prospects in the form of profit and market size, and the amount of subsidies received.

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Mukherji ◽  
Seyed Hossein Zarhani ◽  
K. Raju

This article argues that the Indian state can develop the capacity to deliver economic rights in a citizen-friendly way, despite serious challenges posed by patronage politics and clientelism. Clientelistic politics reveals why the Indian state fails to deliver the basic rights such as the right to work, health and education. We argue that the ability of the state to deliver owes a lot to bureaucratic puzzling and political powering over developmental ideas in a path-dependent way. We combine powering and puzzling within the state to argue the case for how these ideas tip after they have gained a fair amount of traction within the state. We test the powering and puzzling leading to a tipping point model on the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) in undivided Andhra Pradesh (AP). How and why did undivided AP develop the capacity to make reach employment to the rural poor, when many other states failed to implement the right to work in India?


1916 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Reed Powell
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
T.M. Lutskyi

The article covers the methodology and results of the analysis of sentencing for violation of traffic safety rules or operation of transport by persons who drive vehicles which caused caused the death of the victim or death (Part 2 and part 3 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The ratio of the type and amount of punishment imposed by courts under this articleі of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on the basis of sentences passed by courts during 2019 is given. The appointment of the courts under the sanction of Part 2 and 3 of Article 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of each of the types of penalty is analyzed. The author outlined the main aspects in the using of these types of punishments by the courts. The article also reveals the characteristics of the application by the courts of the provisions of Articles 69 and 75 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Among other things, the author examined the state of application by the courts of additional punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to drive vehicles. According to the results, such an additional punishment in 2019 was applied by courts in less than half of the analyzed sentences. All court verdicts for 2019, contained in the Unified State Register of court decisions rendered in respect of crimes under Part 2 and Part 3 of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which resulted in negligent death of another person. In addition, the author of the article suggested possible solutions to the problem, which are likely to arise as a result of the mandatory deprivation of the right to drive vehicles. According to the results of the analysis, the author identified the problems that arise when sentencing courts under Part 2 and part 3 of Art. 286 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and suggested possible ways to solve them. It also covers the expediency of release by a court from serving a sentence of reprimand for negligent death of a person as a result of violation of traffic safety rules and operation of transport, as well as the imposition of a milder punishment than provided by law.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-272

What idleness, leisure, and free time have in common is that they are the opposite of labor; all three are linked with the cessation or interruption of labor. The article takes Kazimir Malevich’s provocative essay Laziness as the Truth of Mankind (1921) as the starting point for an examination of the complex and fraught issue of the balance between idleness and labor. Malevich redefines idleness as grace, as the point of labor and its peer, and as something that is not only a release from hard labor but that also leads to peace and God. The author proposes a reading of Malevich’s apologetics of idleness in juxtaposition with Marx’s early focus on the issues of human freedom and on alleviating alienation in a newly arranged society, and with Paul Lafargue’s argument that workers would do better to fight for the right to be idle than for the right to work. The comparison with Marx and Lafargue reveals a fundamental flaw in their socialist program of heroic labor, which preserved the exploitation of labor but had the state rather than the capitalists appropriate it. Malevich’s argument comes close to certain insights of John Maynard Keynes in which he envisaged science and technology resolving economic problems by enabling humanity to enter an age of idleness and plenty. Giorgio Agamben’s philosophical deliberations round out the contemporary understanding of the relationship between labor and idleness. From this point of view, laziness and idleness become essential elements of meaningful labor. The option to remain idle, to reject work, to prolong it or to delay its completion are becoming the sine qua non of creative labor worthy of a free person.


Author(s):  
A. V. Danshin

The article explores the issue of participation of the traditional China merchant class in special examinations that gave the right to work in the state authorities. The author’s aim was to find the answer to the following question: why were merchants banned from the exams, whereas artisans and peasants were granted this opportunity. When they were finally given such an option, it immediately resulted in a huge wave of applicants willing to pass the difficult test, despite its great material and moral costs and the fact that there was no guarantee that the applicant could ever become a government official to become officials, even if they passed the ordeal with flying colors. The author concludes that for most of the applicants the main purpose was not the bureaucratic post itself but the degree that allowed them to enter the ranks of the privileged scholar class shênshih (绅士) and become part of the political elite of Chinese society, which gave them more opportunities to develop their trading business.


2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-586
Author(s):  
Thomas Bouchet

Abstract This article examines the different meanings given to the ‘right to work’ during the French Second Republic (1848–51). Although liberals painted all demands for this right with the same ‘socialist’ brush, denouncing them as vague and dangerously utopian, calls for this right were neither vague nor exclusively socialist. Those espousing the right to work held concrete, if differing, views about what duties it entailed and what its relation was to private property, political rights and the role of the state. This essay examines the views of socialists, non-socialist and labour associations on the right to work, examining how they changed in the course of the Revolution of 1848. As faith waned in the state’s willingness and ability to secure it, so, too, did preoccupations with the right to work, which gave way increasingly to associationalism. The right would not become constitutional until the Fourth Republic.


2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
J. Marchenko

Problem setting. Remuneration is the main source through which the employee meets both their primary needs and the needs of a higher level. At a time when, on the one hand, the problem of meeting material needs is exacerbated, and on the other – the transition to market relations and building a socially oriented market economy in Ukraine requires a broader outlook and highly skilled workers, wages, its level, timeliness payments are brought to the fore by life itself. Remuneration is one of the guarantees of the realization of the constitutional right to work, and, consequently, one of the most essential rights of workers. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The issue of wages was the subject of research by such scientists as V.M. Bozhko, N.B. Bolotin, V.M. Weger, Y.M. Veres, O.V. Gaeva, N.D. Hetmantseva, S.Yu. Golovina, O.O. Ershova, M.I. Kuchma, L.I. Lazor, R.Z. Livshits, M.V. Lushnikova, A.Yu. Pasherstnik, O.I. Protsevsky, V.O. Radionova- Vodyanytska, N.M. Salikova, N.M. Khutoryan, E.B. Khokhlov, G.I. Chanisheva, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others. Target of research to consider remuneration as one of the guarantees of realization of the constitutional right to work. Article’s main body. The constitutional right to remuneration, as well as the right to work, is the most important socio-economic right of a person and a citizen, guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine, which allows everyone to receive fair remuneration for their work. Despite the fact that the right to remuneration is constitutional, there are still many cases when this right is not respected and citizens are forced to apply to the authorities for protection, including non-payment or improper payment of wages. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The right to remuneration is characterized by the following features that determine its place in the system of constitutional human and civil rights enshrined in the Basic Law of Ukraine: a) is one of the fundamental human rights established by the Constitution of Ukraine, international legal acts and laws of Ukraine and recognized by most states the world; b) has economic and social components. The economic component is that a person can provide for himself and his family by means of subsistence. The social component is due to the fact that the state through a system of guarantees provides social assistance to workers and their families; c) is determined and guaranteed by the state through a system of legal guarantees; d) international normative legal acts, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966, the European Social Charter (revised) of 1996, and conventions play an important role in the realization of the right to remuneration. International Labor Organization, etc.; e) is guaranteed not only for citizens of Ukraine, but also for foreigners and stateless persons who are on the territory of our state on legal grounds.


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