Alveococcus Multilocularis Sources and Factors of Pathogen Transmission in Arctic Yakutia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Kokolova Luidmila Michailovna ◽  
◽  
Gavrilieva Lyubov Yurievna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Natural Foci

This article presents data on the study of the ecological and epizootic situation of the helminth Alveococcus multilocularis, which is particularly dangerous for humans and animals. The main sources and factors of transmission of Alveococcus in susceptible animals and the regularity of the circulation of pathogens in natural foci in the Arctic are determined. According to the results of research, they have a rather dangerous epizootic potential and at any time it is possible to aggravate the epizootic situation. Therefore, the resumption of studies in natural foci of alveolar Echinococcosis is highly relevant, therefore, a study taking into account natural-climatic conditions and socio-economic change in Yakutia and features of distribution Alveococcus multilocularis, it is also necessary to reduce infection in domestic animals and humans.

scholarly journals National Dishes and their Role in the Transmission of Dangerous Invasive Diseases in the Arctic Regions of Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Kokolova Luidmila Michailovna ◽  
Gavrilieva Lyubov Yurievna ◽  
Stepanova Svetlana Maksimovna ◽  
Dulova Sargylana Vitalievna ◽  
Sivtseva Evgenia Vladimirovna
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The article presents the results of studies on the epizootic and epidemiological situation in the territory of Yakutia for particularly dangerous invasive diseases-Diphyllobothriosis, Trichinosis, Echinococcosis and Teniarynchosis. The article reflects the results of the authors own research with such components as the infestation of fish, bears, wild and domestic animals and epidemiological surveillance of the disease of the population with these Helminthiasis. It is noted that the obtained data on the dynamics of the morbidity of the population in comparison with the indicators of Russia exceeds several times. Infection of animals and fish with pathogens of dangerous invasive diseases creates conditions for the formation of natural foci, and prevention issues remain relevant due to the high level of morbidity, infestations that transmit through fish, wild and domestic animals predominate.

scholarly journals Paleocene-Eocene volcanic segmentation of the Norwegian-Greenland seaway reorganized high-latitude ocean circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Hovikoski ◽  
Michael B. W. Fyhn ◽  
Henrik Nøhr-Hansen ◽  
John R. Hopper ◽  
Steven Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Volcanic Facies

AbstractThe paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic development of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway remains poorly understood, despite its importance for the oceanographic and climatic conditions of the Paleocene–Eocene greenhouse world. Here we present analyses of the sedimentological and paleontological characteristics of Paleocene–Eocene deposits (between 63 and 47 million years old) in northeast Greenland, and investigate key unconformities and volcanic facies observed through seismic reflection imaging in offshore basins. We identify Paleocene–Eocene uplift that culminated in widespread regression, volcanism, and subaerial exposure during the Ypresian. We reconstruct the paleogeography of the northeast Atlantic–Arctic region and propose that this uplift led to fragmentation of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway during this period. We suggest that the seaway became severely restricted between about 56 and 53 million years ago, effectively isolating the Arctic from the Atlantic ocean during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the early Eocene.

scholarly journals High-time resolved radon-progeny measurements in the Arctic region (Svalbard Islands, Norway): results and potentialities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Salzano ◽  
Antonello Pasini ◽  
Antonietta Ianniello ◽  
Mauro Mazzola ◽  
Rita Traversi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Radon Emanation ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
The Arctic Region

Abstract. The estimation of radon progeny in the Arctic region represents a scientific challenge due to the required low limit of detection in consideration of the limited radon emanation associated with permafrost dynamics. This preliminary study highlighted, for the first time, the possibility to monitor radon progeny in the Arctic region with a higher time resolution. The composition of the radon progeny offered the opportunity to identify air masses dominated by long-range transport, in presence or not of near-constant radon progeny instead of long and short lived progenies. Furthermore, the different ratio between radon and thoron progenies evidenced the contributions of local emissions and atmospheric stability. Two different emanation periods were defined in accordance to the permafrost dynamics at the ground and several accumulation windows were recognized coherently to the meteo-climatic conditions occurring at the study site.

scholarly journals Widespread detection of antibodies to Leptospira in feral swine in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (10) ◽  
pp. 2131-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PEDERSEN ◽  
K. L. PABILONIA ◽  
T. D. ANDERSON ◽  
S. N. BEVINS ◽  
C. R. HICKS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Feral Swine ◽  
Livestock Predation

SUMMARYAs feral swine continue to expand their geographical range and distribution across the United States, their involvement in crop damage, livestock predation, and pathogen transmission is likely to increase. Despite the relatively recent discovery of feral swine involvement in the aetiology of a variety of pathogens, their propensity to transmit and carry a wide variety of pathogens is disconcerting. We examined sera from 2055 feral swine for antibody presence to six serovars of Leptospira that can also infect humans, livestock or domestic animals. About 13% of all samples tested positive for at least one serovar, suggesting that Leptospira infection is common in feral swine. Further studies to identify the proportion of actively infected animals are needed to more fully understand the risk they pose.

The Arctic: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Dodds ◽  
Jamie Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Uncertain Future

The Arctic: A Very Short Introduction provides an account of the Arctic, its physical environment, and its people. The Arctic is demanding global attention as it warms, melts, and thaws in a manner that threatens not just its 4 million inhabitants, but the whole planet. The reduction of the Arctic to its changing environment would ignore the complexities of the region and its potential. This VSI explores key issues facing the region today, from geopolitics to global warming. It examines the causes and effects of cultural, physical, ecological, political, and economic change in the Arctic, and considers its uncertain future.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities Developing Mathematical Models of Shared Pathogens of Domestic and Wild Animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Huyvaert ◽  
Robin Russell ◽  
Kelly Patyk ◽  
Meggan Craft ◽  
Paul Cross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Transmission Pathways ◽  
And Control

Diseases that affect both wild and domestic animals can be particularly difficult to prevent, predict, mitigate, and control. Such multi-host diseases can have devastating economic impacts on domestic animal producers and can present significant challenges to wildlife populations, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Few mathematical models exist that capture the complexities of these multi-host pathogens, yet the development of such models would allow us to estimate and compare the potential effectiveness of management actions for mitigating or suppressing disease in wildlife and/or livestock host populations. We conducted a workshop in March 2014 to identify the challenges associated with developing models of pathogen transmission across the wildlife-livestock interface. The development of mathematical models of pathogen transmission at this interface is hampered by the difficulties associated with describing the host-pathogen systems, including: (1) the identity of wildlife hosts, their distributions, and movement patterns; (2) the pathogen transmission pathways between wildlife and domestic animals; (3) the effects of the disease and concomitant mitigation efforts on wild and domestic animal populations; and (4) barriers to communication between sectors. To promote the development of mathematical models of transmission at this interface, we recommend further integration of modern quantitative techniques and improvement of communication among wildlife biologists, mathematical modelers, veterinary medicine professionals, producers, and other stakeholders concerned with the consequences of pathogen transmission at this important, yet poorly understood, interface.

scholarly journals Sea-ice induced growth decline in Arctic shrubs

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 20170122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Forchhammer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Negative Effect

Measures of increased tundra plant productivity have been associated with the accelerating retreat of the Arctic sea-ice. Emerging studies document opposite effects, advocating for a more complex relationship between the shrinking sea-ice and terrestrial plant productivity. I introduce an autoregressive plant growth model integrating effects of biological and climatic conditions for analysing individual ring-width growth time series. Using 128 specimens of Salix arctica , S. glauca and Betula nana sampled across Greenland to Svalbard, an overall negative effect of the retreating June sea-ice extent was found on the annual growth. The negative effect of the retreating June sea-ice was observed for younger individuals with large annual growth allocations and with little or no trade-off between previous and current year's growth.

scholarly journals Amplified bioproductivity during Transition IV (332 000–342 000 yr ago): evidence from the geochemical record of Lake El'gygytgyn

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cunningham ◽  
H. Vogel ◽  
V. Wennrich ◽  
O. Juschus ◽  
N. Nowaczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Lake El’Gygytgyn ◽  
Arctic Russia

Abstract. To date, terrestrial archives of long-term climatic change within the Arctic have widely been restricted to ice cores from Greenland and, more recently, sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn in northeast Arctic Russia. Sediments from this lake contain a paleoclimate record of glacial-interglacial cycles during the last three million years. Low-resolution studies at this lake have suggested that changes observed during Transition IV (the transition from marine isotope stage (MIS) 10 to MIS 9) are of greater amplitude than any observed since. In this study, geochemical parameters are used to infer past climatic conditions thus providing the first high-resolution analyses of Transition IV from a terrestrial Arctic setting. These results demonstrate that a significant shift in climate was subsequently followed by a rapid increase in biogenic silica (BSi) production. Following this sharp increase, bioproductivity remained high, but variable, for over a thousand years. This study reveals differences in the timing and magnitude of change within the ratio of silica to titanium (Si/Ti) and BSi records that would not be apparent in lower resolution studies. This has significant implications for the increasingly common use of Si/Ti data as an alternative to traditional BSi measurements.

scholarly journals Development of placer deposits in the North using highwall mining systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
I.I. Kovlekov
Keyword(s):  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Practical Case ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Highwall Mining ◽  
Placer Deposits

The article studies various aspects of the highwall mining systems applicability for the development of productive sands in terms of the occurrence conditions as well as the mining and technical parameters of placer deposits. The harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic zone and the specific properties of frozen sands impose additional requirements on the operation of the mining complex. Positive and negative aspects of the practical application of mining complexes been analysed with reference to the development of precious metals and gemstones deposits. The most promising mining sites have been identified, where the use of highwall mining systems is technologically and economically feasible. Commercial mining of reserves in the boundary zones in high walls of depleted fields and in thin unconventional seams will substantially expand the mineral resource base of mining companies. A promising trend of this technology development is discussed that includes backfilling of the mined-out space in order to reduce the loss of mineral resources. The ice-rock mixture is proposed as the backfill material, which significantly reduces the unit cost of these operations. A practical case of this technology implementation is described for the development of substandard sands of a placer deposit in the Far North conditions. The possibility of developing the reserves of tin placer deposits on the Arctic shelf using the highwall mining systems has been identified as the most promising direction of scientific and practical research for the development of the mining industry in the region.

scholarly journals The Wage System of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen Trapping Artels in the 19th – Beginning of the 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-296
Author(s):  
Daniil S. Zaozerskiy
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Wage System ◽  
Fixed Wage ◽  
Arctic Exploration

Introduction. The Arkhangelsk North natural and climatic conditions promoted to develop shipbuilding, fishing, hunting and other activities, for which artels were organizing. The Pomors also united in artels for profitable trapping on Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The usage of the artel principles of labour organization can be explained by the difficult circumstances of the hunting activities. It was impossible to work by oneself or by a small group of 2–7 trappers. The studying of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen trapping artels is necessary for further understanding of the process of the Arctic exploration by Russia in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. The purpose of the article is to study the wage system of the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen trapping artels in the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. Materials and Methods. The materials for this article were archive sources of the Arkhangelsk oblast State archive, published sources on the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen artels and articles in the local periodicals. The historical-systematic and historical-genetic methods were used in the article. Results. During the 19th – beginning of the 20th century the principle when trappers united in artels continued to exist. The main form of the payment was to divide the catch into shares. Discussion and Conclusions. The main difference between artel trapping of people from the Arkhangelsk province districts consisted in terms of sailing to the archipelagoes and the beginning of the hunt. The decrease of number of trappers in artels determined by economic opportunities of the sponsors (the masters). Also, it was determined by decrease of the number of industry animals. Both unfixed (by shares) and fixed wage systems existed in the Novaya Zemlya and Spitsbergen artels. The quantity of shares exceeded the number of artel members. The master defined value of share before the beginning of the hunt. Also, he provided necessary provision and weapons for artel members with both unfixed and fixed wages. The most common way of sharing of catch meant that the master had been earning two thirds of it and the trappers had been earning the rest one third. This way of sharing was used before the beginning of the 20th century.

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