scholarly journals People’s Responsibility towards Organ Donation an Unanswered Appeal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cantarovich Félix ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Education Effort

People easily agree with the principle of organ donation; nevertheless, when a person dies, their relatives often refuse to honour this agreement. Because of this persistent social conduct, organ shortage is responsible for the rising mortality of patients on organ waiting lists. This sad reality continues despite the ongoing education effort with the enduring slogan: “Organ donation is a gift of life”.

scholarly journals Transplantation Ethics: Old Questions, New Answers?

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
MICHAEL DeVITA ◽  
MARK P. AULISIO ◽  
THOMAS MAY
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Many ◽  
Transplantation Ethics ◽  
Contemporary Context

The first reported successful kidney transplantation occurred in 1954, between twins. Since then, organ donation and transplantation has become less a medical marvel than a common expectation of patients with a variety of diseases resulting in organ failure. Those expectations have caused demand for organs to skyrocket far beyond available supply, fueling an organ shortage and resulting in over 60,000 patients on transplant waiting lists. In this special issue, our contributors attempt to shed new light on some of the many old ethical questions raised by transplant in the contemporary context of extreme scarcity.

scholarly journals Organ Shortage, Will People's Knowledge be a Path to the Solution?

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Cantarovich Félix
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
University Education ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Main Protagonist

Organ shortage transforming death into life, which is what organ transplants symbolize, needs the end of somebody life, a scientific miracle of our times, but as well a social problem. Prejudices or ignorance inhibits to offering life to another human being. The consequence of this conflicting situation is that patients waiting for transplantation, “unfairly” die every day. States and Social Security should be involved in this problem. Programming efficient education will be important for change social conduct towards organ donation. As well, several studies emphasize the persistence of an insufficient university medical teams training in transplantation. Organ shortage and waiting lists patient’s mortality is a failure of social communication on organ donation and transplantation. Proposals to review social and university education in current organ shortage crisis might be an ethical duty for states health and education officials. Solidarity is a positive people’s feeling, nevertheless faced with death of a loved one; it does not seem to be an enough reason to justify authorization to donate. For many people, organ donation represents a perverse and unjustified action of mutilation. Considering the negative reactions that often can occur in the moment in which the alternative of deciding the donation of organs of a loved one is presented; we have proposed the inclusion in the social education plans the following concepts: • Organ shortage is a health emergency. • Throughout our lives, we might need organ or tissue transplantation. • Our body after death is a unique source of health to be shared. • Organ donation meant to” share life” more than “to gift life”. • Organ donation should be a social agreement. • People should know the social risks involved in establishing economic incentives for donation. This analysis is made to provide a basic knowledge of a vital medical crisis, and to suggest to decision makers of educational programs useful suggestions for this serious problem. In addition, and very particularly this work is directed to the Society, the main protagonist of this problem, requiring to receiving a correct and detailed information on the dilemma of the lack of organs, in quest that the donation decision will be an act of full awareness. A french philosopher, Jean Rostand has said "To dream you have to know".

Organ donation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mone
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Job Roles ◽  
Donation Process

Kidney transplantation has been and continues to be dependent on the apparently unscientific and decidedly personal act of organ donation. In the best-performing regions of the world, 75–95% of those who are medically suitable actually become donors upon their deaths, but because of increasing rates of organ failure, even in these high-performing areas, waiting lists continue to grow. Deceased organ donation performance is highly variable even among medically developed countries, and it is especially challenged in countries with cultural, legal, ethical or religious, economic, clinical, or organizational practices that limit donation. Recognizing these challenges, the transplantation community has collaborated to identify and promulgate international best practices and to foster innovation in the management of deceased donation. The goal of this effort is to clarify the organizational structures, social change interventions, and medical practices necessary to maximize both living and deceased donation. Although donation practice differs significantly across countries, successful organ donation programmes share certain traits and practices that can be modified to fit varied medical delivery reimbursement and social systems and structures. The world’s best-performing donation programmes have focused on increasing the public’s and healthcare professionals’ trust in the donation process, ensuring equitable access to transplantation, and they have built donation organizations that borrow from the theory and practice of business and healthcare management systems. The critical processes, essential functions, job roles, and foundational principles of successful donation programmes require the use of the tools that have been shown to improve donation and increase transplantation, thereby reducing (or, ideally, ending) deaths on the waiting lists. The wider adoption of these tools by countries with fledgling or struggling organ donation would increase organ availability and its exploitation of the poor who in many countries become organ ‘vendors’ rather than donors.

Public Policy, Public Opinion, and Consent for Organ Donation

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA A. SIMINOFF ◽  
MARY BETH MERCER
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Waiting Lists ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Medical Advances

Medical advances in transplantation techniques have driven an exponential increase in the demand for transplantable organs. Unfortunately, policy efforts to bolster the organ supply have been less than effective, failing to provide a stopgap for ever-increasing numbers of patients who await organ transplantation. The number of registrations on waiting lists exceeded 65,245 in early 1999, a 325% increase over the 20,000 that existed 11 years earlier in 1988. Regrettably, more than 4,000 patients die each year while awaiting transplantation.

scholarly journals Is Your Kidney for Sale? An Economic and Policy Perspective on the Legalization of a Living Kidney Vendor Program in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-156
Author(s):  
Kristine D. Kuenzli
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unrelated Donor ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
Organ Trade ◽  
The Government ◽  
Number Of Individuals

            The National Organ Transplant Act of 1984 (hereinafter NOTA) was an attempt to regulate, streamline, and encourage legal organ donation. NOTA has undergone some amendments since its enactment, including attempts to modernize the registry process and create a unified donation and transplant network. However, the regulation on the sale of organs has remained steadfast. We continue to have an organ shortage, and the statistics on the number of individuals dying each day awaiting transplants is only getting worse. An additional amendment to NOTA is necessary to solve our organ donation crisis. This Article identifies the relevant NOTA provisions, identifies some significant court decisions, and explores the policy and economic arguments in support of and against creating a living organ trade in the United States. In addition, this Article explains the Iranian Living- Unrelated donor program, and the government regulations necessary to create a living kidney vendor program in the United States.  

scholarly journals Global organ shortage: an analysis of national self‑sufficiency strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
O. N. Reznik ◽  
D. V. Mikhel
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
International Medical ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Donor Agencies

From the standpoint of socio-humanitarian knowledge, the paper analyzes the problem of global organ shortage. The basic ideas of the international medical community about organ shortage and the main proposals for overcoming it are considered. Special emphasis is placed on the three most revealing national self-sufficiency strategies adopted by donor agencies – American, Spanish and Iranian strategies. The issue of influence of cultural differences and socio-economic inequality on established organ donation practices is discussed using Mexico, Turkey, Pakistan and Bangladesh as examples.

scholarly journals Adding Value? EU Governance of Organ Donation and Transplantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Maree Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Governance ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractThis article examines recent developments in EU governance of organ donation and transplantation, focusing on an analysis of the Commission’s action plan and the proposed Directive. While the aims of the plan are laudable, a number of concerns remain with respect to the timetable for the plan and the adoption of the Directive, as well as the management of ethical and risk issues. In the final analysis, the added value of EU governance initiatives in the field is likely to be measured by the extent to which they successfully address the ongoing problem of organ shortage in Member States.

scholarly journals 儒家倫理是器官捐獻的觀念障礙麼？——如何理解“身體髮膚，不敢毀傷”

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Yao FANG
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Body Hair ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
General Kind ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Holding Back

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.通過引證《孝經》的傳統的重新注釋，本文指出中國生命倫理學界對“身體髮膚，受之父母，不敢毀傷”的理解有不足之處，既未注意到“毀傷”可作“刑傷”解，也未注意到“毀傷”即使作“損傷”解，以上說話也不排除親屬之間器官捐獻的可能性。此外，身體之完整在儒家倫理體系中並非最高道德原則，因為身與義的關係是需要考察具體的情境來做道德評判。在從新註釋儒家文本的前提下，筆者試圖證明，今天在中國大陸要推進器官捐獻事業，並不需要否定《孝經》中這一要求保持身體完整性的原則，因為儒家倫理體系與贊同器官捐獻並非不可化解的矛盾，問題的關鍵不是否定“不敢毀傷”，而是肯定器官捐獻的選擇合乎仁義，符合“立身行道”。論證捐獻器官挽救他人生命是一種值得讚美的高貴選擇可以將捐獻者及其家屬從所謂“不孝”的輿論壓力之下解脫出來。There is an organ shortage worldwide and particularly in China. Many researchers in the field of bioethics agree that Confucianism impedes the modern notion of organ donation due to its position on “filial piety” (xiao) in terms of “not damaging one’s body.” The Confucian concept of xiao demands that children obey their parents, serve them diligently, bury them respectfully and worship them afterward. It also proclaims that a person’s body, hair and skin are gifts from their parents that cannot be damaged.This essay intends to show that such an interpretation of the Confucian concept of xiao is misleading because it is based on a misreading of an important statement from the Xiaojing (Classic of Filial Piety). According to some exegeses, the idea of “damage” in the original text should be understood as “damage via criminal punishment” instead of a general kind of “damage.” The author contends that it is equally problematic for people to consider keeping one’s body intact as a supreme principle in Confucian moral teachings. Although filial piety is a key principle in Confucianism, it is not the primary factor holding back organ donation. Although traditional Confucian principles emphasize the “wholeness of the body,” they do not prevent many Confucian scholars from taking different views, as Confucius claims that “the man of humaneness (ren) is one who, desiring to sustain himself, sustains others.” This essay concludes that a new interpretation of the Confucian text and its meaning would help to encourage more people to volunteer as organ donors.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 2088 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Customising Health Literacy Campaigns for Organ Donation and Transplantation

2022 ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Maria Theodosopoulou ◽  
Zoe-Athena Papalois ◽  
Lisa Aufegger ◽  
Giorgos Baskozos ◽  
Frank J. M. F. Dor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Hospital Administrative

The organ shortage and the increasing demand for organs are universal, worldwide challenges. Health literacy is a powerful tool that can help to increase awareness about organ donation and transplantation on a large scale and to encourage and sustain support for organ donation. The unique perspectives, experiences, and expectations of medical students, renal patients, and hospital administrative staff across the UK, Netherlands, and Spain on the topic of health literacy (HL) campaigns regarding deceased organ donation (DOD) were recorded in a cross-cultural, qualitative study. Focus group discussions enabled participants to express their views on existing HL campaigns and to propose novel pathways for future campaigns.

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