scholarly journals Directed Energy Beam Weapons the Dawn of a New Military Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bahman Zohuri ◽  
◽  
Masoud Moghaddam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Scalar Wave ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Microwave Beam ◽  
Directed Energy

Aftermath of “Havana Syndrome” that took place in Cuba, at around 2016 – 2017 time-frame, where American diplomat got mysterious sickness, the dawn of a new military age was born, where directed energy weapons in form waves are now in play. Among concerned government agencies, they still cannot find the source of the sickness except, stating that whatever was the cause, it is unnatural source, but rather man-made weapons in form of high microwave beam weapon. However, this author with this short review is going to show a different perspective of directed energy beam weapons, knowingly that this type weapons are not anything new and scientist and engineer, at national laboratories, department of energy and defense level including some universities nation-wide have been involved with research and development of such direct energy weapons. The battles of tomorrow are not going to take place with speed of bullet or artillery shell, but rather will be fought with speed of light and electron, and that is why the new military age presents itself along with new innovative technologies that is discussed here in this short review. For purpose beam weapons as directed energy we are not taking under consideration, the high power energy laser, since it is beyond the scope of this short review, however we focus on wave frequencies that are falling within high power microwave bandwidth and we introduce another beam weapon’s concept that is known as scalar wave, which we know it as longitudinal scalar wave, that possibly can justify the above sickness caused by the unnatural source, which falls within a man-made source of energy that can travel long distance and penetrated even through Faraday’s cage and any other obstacle in front of very similar to behavior and characteristic of soliton wave. Whatever covert sound or high energy acoustic or wave weapon this man-made phenomena was or is will be discussed in this report with some means of science physics behind it. All scientific discussion in this short review is presentation of this author period

Characterization of thermal barrier coatings formed by electon-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD)

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Ozer Unal
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Barrier Coatings ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Ceramic Coating ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Energy Beam

Interest in ceramics as thermal barrier coatings for hot components of turbine engines has increased rapidly over the last decade. The primary reason for this is the significant reduction in heat load and increased chemical inertness against corrosive species with the ceramic coating materials. Among other candidates, partially-stabilized zirconia is the focus of attention mainly because ot its low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion coefficient.The coatings were made by Garrett Turbine Engine Company. Ni-base super-alloy was used as the substrate and later a bond-coating with high Al activity was formed over it. The ceramic coatings, with a thickness of about 50 μm, were formed by EB-PVD in a high-vacuum chamber by heating the target material (ZrO2-20 w/0 Y2O3) above its evaporation temperaturef >3500 °C) with a high-energy beam and condensing the resulting vapor onto a rotating heated substrate. A heat treatment in an oxidizing environment was performed later on to form a protective oxide layer to improve the adhesion between the ceramic coating and substrate. Bulk samples were studied by utilizing a Scintag diffractometer and a JEOL JXA-840 SEM; examinations of cross-sectional thin-films of the interface region were performed in a Philips CM 30 TEM operating at 300 kV and for chemical analysis a KEVEX X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was used.

The promises and perfidy of cryomicroscopy and analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
List Type ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

The unusual title of this short paper and its accompanying tutorial is deliberate, because the intent is to investigate the effectiveness of low temperature microscopy and analysis as one of the more significant elements of the less interventionist procedures we can use to prepare, examine and analyse hydrated and organic materials in high energy beam instruments. The promises offered by all these procedures are well rehearsed and the litany of petitions and responses may be enunciated in the following mantra.Vitrified water can form the perfect embedding medium for bio-organic samples.Frozen samples provide an important, but not exclusive, milieu for the in situ sub-cellular analysis of the dissolved ions and electrolytes whose activities are central to living processes.The rapid conversion of liquids to solids provides a means of arresting dynamic processes and permits resolution of the time resolved interactions between water and suspended and dissolved materials.The low temperature environment necessary for cryomicroscopy and analysis, diminish, but alas do not prevent, the deleterious side effects of ionizing radiation.Sample contamination is virtually eliminated.

High-energy and high-power Li-rich nickel manganese oxide electrode materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1618-1621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghan Kim ◽  
Sun-Ho Kang ◽  
Mahalingam Balasubramanian ◽  
Christopher S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
High Power ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Nickel Manganese

scholarly journals Nitrogen-enriched graphene framework from a large-scale magnesiothermic conversion of CO2 with synergistic kinetics for high-power lithium-ion capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xianzhong Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

AbstractLithium-ion capacitors are envisaged as promising energy-storage devices to simultaneously achieve a large energy density and high-power output at quick charge and discharge rates. However, the mismatched kinetics between capacitive cathodes and faradaic anodes still hinder their practical application for high-power purposes. To tackle this problem, the electron and ion transport of both electrodes should be substantially improved by targeted structural design and controllable chemical doping. Herein, nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks are prepared via a large-scale and ultrafast magnesiothermic combustion synthesis using CO2 and melamine as precursors, which exhibit a crosslinked porous structure, abundant functional groups and high electrical conductivity (10524 S m−1). The material essentially delivers upgraded kinetics due to enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport. Excellent capacities of 1361 mA h g−1 and 827 mA h g−1 can be achieved at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 3 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating its outstanding lithium storage performance at both low and high rates. Moreover, the lithium-ion capacitor based on these nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks displays a high energy density of 151 Wh kg−1, and still retains 86 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power output of 49 kW kg−1. This study reveals an effective pathway to achieve synergistic kinetics in carbon electrode materials for achieving high-power lithium-ion capacitors.

Applications of Energy Beams in Material and Device Processing

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Galvin ◽  
L.S. Hung ◽  
J.W. Mayer ◽  
M. Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Device Processing ◽  
Composition Modification ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Transistor Fabrication

ABSTRACTEnergetic ion beams used outside the traditional role of ion implantation are considered for semiconductor applications involving interface modification for self-aligned silicide contacts, composition modification for formation of buried oxide layers in Si on insulator structures and reduced disorder in high energy ion beam annealing for buried collectors in transistor fabrication. In metals, aside from their use in modification of the composition of near surface regions, energetic ion beams are being investigated for structural modification in crystalline to amorphous transitions. Pulsed beams of photons and electrons are used as directed energy sources in rapid solidification. Here, we consider the role of temperature gradients and impurities in epitaxial growth of silicon.

Fabrication of circular cooling channels by cold metal transfer based wire and arc additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542199561
Author(s):  
Shaohua Han ◽  
Zhongzhong Zhang ◽  
Pengxiang Ruan ◽  
Shiwen Cheng ◽  
Dingqi Xue
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Cooling Channel ◽  
Conformal Cooling Channel ◽  
Conformal Cooling ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Straight Line

Additive manufacturing has been proven to be a promising technology for fabricating high-performance dies, molds, and conformal cooling channels. As one of the manufacturing methods, wire and arc additive manufacturing displays unique advantages of low cost and high deposition rate that are better than other high energy beam-based ones. This paper presents a preliminary study of fabricating integrated cooling channels by CMT-based wire and arc additive manufacturing process. The deposition strategies for fabricating circular cross-sectional cooling channels both in conformal and straight-line patterns have been investigated. It included optimizing the welding torch angle, fabricating the enclosed semicircle structure and predicting the collision between the torch and constructed part. The cooling effect test was also conducted on both the conformal cooling channel and straight-line cooling channel. The results affirmed a higher cooling efficiency and better uniform cooling effect of the conformal cooling channel than straight-line cooling channel.

3D Porous Sponge-Inspired Electrode for High-Energy and High-Power Zinc-Ion Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1833-1839
Author(s):  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Mingqiang Wang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Yudong Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Zinc Ion

scholarly journals Novel Lithium-Ion Capacitor Based on a NiO-rGO Composite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3586
Author(s):  
Qi An ◽  
Xingru Zhao ◽  
Shuangfu Suo ◽  
Yuzhu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) have been widely explored for energy storage. Nevertheless, achieving good energy density, satisfactory power density, and stable cycle life is still challenging. For this study, we fabricated a novel LIC with a NiO-rGO composite as a negative material and commercial activated carbon (AC) as a positive material for energy storage. The NiO-rGO//AC system utilizes NiO nanoparticles uniformly distributed in rGO to achieve a high specific capacity (with a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and a charge capacity of 945.8 mA h g−1) and uses AC to provide a large specific surface area and adjustable pore structure, thereby achieving excellent electrochemical performance. In detail, the NiO-rGO//AC system (with a mass ratio of 1:3) can achieve a high energy density (98.15 W h kg−1), a high power density (10.94 kW kg−1), and a long cycle life (with 72.1% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles). This study outlines a new option for the manufacture of LIC devices that feature both high energy and high power densities.

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