scholarly journals Designing Public Health Policy to Curb Health and Economic Impact of Khat Chewing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Physical Consequences

Introduction and Background: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) known for long period as an indigenous plant to Ethiopia, has many mixed effects and impact. Some consider it as a good means to socialize. Others consider it as a good source of income. Nowadays, as a result of its effect on health, public health concern is growing. However, there are no policies controlling these khat effects. Objective: To present policy option to curtail health and economic impact of khat chewing practice in Ethiopia. Methods: Narrative literature review was made to look into different effects of khat chewing with a particular reference to Ethiopia. Key findings khat chewing has stimulating, euphoric and addictive effects. It has a constricting effect on blood vessels leading to hypertension. It has also neuropsychiatric and physical consequences including aggression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, paranoia, manic behaviors, insomnia, depression, increased heart rate, anorexia and weight loss, dental and pulmonary problems. Additionally, khat abuse found linked to liver damage and failure. Conclusion: Given that medical risks of khat use are modest, or studies are not conclusive, there should be a regulatory framework with the objective of protecting consumers and community. This is best achieved by establishing processes for the quality control of khat and by regulating access and availability. Conclusive studies are very rare and even some are inadequate and contradictory. Most of the evidences on adverse effects of khat come from case reports and observational studies. Therefore, high quality research is justified.

scholarly journals Electric Scooters: Case Reports Indicate a Growing Public Health Concern

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton L. Nisson ◽  
Eric Ley ◽  
Ray Chu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern

COVID-19: A Review on Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Possible Potential Drugs Based on Available Case Studies

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirtikumar C. Badgujar ◽  
Dipak V. Patil ◽  
Dipak V. Dhangar ◽  
Vikrant P. Patil ◽  
Ashish B. Badgujar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The emerging novel coronavirus disease 2019 has caused global outbreak and major public health concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced a coronavirus disease outbreak a pandemic with a global public health emergency of international concern. As of now, 12th April 2020 almost 18,37,404 cases has been confirmed globally (in 209 countries) with almost 1,13,274 fatalities. This increasing number has created anxiety throughout the world which has severely affected the whole world culture, societies, behavioural pattern, peace and economics. At present, research on novel coronavirus is in the preliminary stage. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral to treat coronavirus disease. Also, very few case studies are available; hence it has become difficult to treat and to control this pandemic situation. In view of this, the present systematic review is done to highlight epidemiology clinical features, radiographic characteristics and potential drugs based on available clinical case reports. Biomarkers for early diagnosis and impact of age, sex, pre-existing comorbidity on COVID-19 is also discussed. Further this paper also outlines various possible antiviral chemical drug agents that can be potential and promising to treat this coronavirus disease 2019. This review may be helpful for medical practitioner, public health workers and government authorities to manage and deal with novel coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal analysis of surveillance data enables climate-based forecasting of Lassa fever

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Redding ◽  
Rory Gibb ◽  
Chioma C. Dan-Nwafor ◽  
Elsie A. Ilori ◽  
Yashe Rimamdeyati Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Rodent Host ◽  
True Incidence

Lassa fever (LF) is an acute rodent-borne viral haemorrhagic fever that is a longstanding public health concern in West Africa and increasingly a global health priority. Recent molecular studies1,2 have confirmed the fundamental role of the rodent host (Mastomys natalensis) in driving human infections, but LF control and prevention efforts remain hampered by a limited baseline understanding of the disease’s true incidence, geographical distribution and underlying drivers3. Here, through analysing 8 years of weekly case reports (2012-2019) from 774 local government authorities (LGAs) across Nigeria, we identify the socioecological correlates of LF incidence that together drive predictable, seasonal surges in cases. At the LGA-level, the spatial endemic area of LF is dictated by a combination of rainfall, poverty, agriculture, urbanisation and housing effects, although LF’s patchy distribution is also strongly impacted by reporting effort, suggesting that many infections are still going undetected. We show that spatial patterns of LF incidence within the endemic area, are principally dictated by housing quality, with poor-quality housing areas seeing more cases than expected. When examining the seasonal and inter-annual variation in incidence within known LF hotspots, climate dynamics and reporting effort together explain observed trends effectively (with 98% of observations falling within the 95% predictive interval), including the sharp uptick in 2018-19. Our models show the potential for forecasting LF incidence surges 1-2 months in advance, and provide a framework for developing an early-warning system for public health planning.

Reframing Fatness: Critiquing ‘Obesity’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Evans ◽  
Charlotte Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Policy Language ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
Fat Bodies

Over the last twenty years or so, fatness, pathologised as overweight and obesity, has been a core public health concern around which has grown a lucrative international weight loss industry. Referred to as a ‘time bomb’ and ‘the terror within’, analogies of ‘war’ circulate around obesity, framing fatness as enemy.2 Religious imagery and cultural and moral ideologies inform medical, popular and policy language with the ‘sins’ of ‘gluttony’ and ‘sloth’, evoked to frame fat people as immoral at worst and unknowledgeable victims at best, and understandings of fatness intersect with gender, class, age, sexuality, disability and race to make some fat bodies more problematically fat than others. As Evans and Colls argue, drawing on Michel Foucault, a combination of medical and moral knowledges produces the powerful ‘obesity truths’ through which fatness is framed as universally abject and pathological. Dominant and medicalised discourses of fatness (as obesity) leave little room for alternative understandings.

European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption: the ESAC programme

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern

Resistance to antimicrobials has become a major public health concern, and it has been shown that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between antimicrobial resistance and consumption

A brief review of diagnosis of small ruminants brucellosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Ren ◽  
Qisheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Immunological Tests

: Brucellosis caused by bacteria of the genus of Brucella remains a major zoonosis in the widely world, which is an infectious disease with a severe economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The genus of Brucella includes ten species and the most prevalent is Brucella melitensis. The diagnosis of Brucella melitensis ruminant brucellosis is based on bacteriological and immunological tests. The use of vaccines and the false-positive serological reactions (FPSR) caused by other cross-reacting bacteria represent the immunological contexts. This complex context results in the development of the large number of diagnosis of Brucella melitensis brucellosis. The aim of this article is to briefly review the detection methods and compare the superiorities of different tests.

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