Brown Fat Activation: A Future Treatment for Obesity & Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gratis Research
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach

Brown fat holds a promising therapeutic approach to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by its profound effects on body weight reduction, heat generation, increased insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism regulation

Abstract 040: The Effects of Coffee Consumption on Insulin Sensitivity and Other Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Johnston Alperet ◽  
Salome Antonette Rebello ◽  
Eric Yin-Hao Khoo ◽  
Zoey Tay ◽  
Sharna Si-Ying Seah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Background: In observational studies, coffee consumption has been consistently associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trials examining the effect of coffee consumption on glucose metabolism have been limited by the use of surrogate insulin sensitivity indices, small sample sizes, lack of blinding, and short follow-up duration. We aimed to overcome these limitations in a randomized placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of coffee consumption on insulin sensitivity. Methodology: We conducted a 24-week randomized placebo-controlled trial in 126 overweight, insulin-resistant (HOMA-IR ≥ 1.30), Chinese, Malay and Asian-Indian males and females aged 35-69 years. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 4 cups of instant regular coffee (n=62) or 4 cups of a coffee-like placebo beverage (n=64) per day. The primary outcome was bodyweight-standardized M-value (M bw ) assessed with a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Secondary outcomes included other clamp-based insulin sensitivity measures, biological mediators of insulin sensitivity, and measures of fasting glucose metabolism, body weight and composition. Results: Coffee consumption did not significantly change insulin sensitivity as compared with placebo [% mean difference in M bw : 0.3% (95% CI: -12.0% to 14.2%), P =0.97]. Furthermore, no significant differences in fasting plasma glucose [3.0% (-1.1% to 7.3%), P =0.16] or biological mediators of insulin resistance, such as plasma adiponectin [1.5% (-3.4% to 6.6%), P =0.55], were observed between coffee and placebo groups after 24 weeks of intervention. Coffee consumption led to a loss of body weight as compared with placebo [-1.2% (-2.3% to -0.1%), P =0.03] resulting from a decrease in fat mass [-3.7% (-7.1% to -0.2%), P =0.04] . Conclusions: Consuming 4 cups per day of caffeinated coffee for 24 weeks had no significant effect on insulin sensitivity or biological mediators of insulin resistance. Coffee consumption led to a modest decrease in body fat as compared with coffee abstinence. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01738399. Registered on 28 November 2012. Trial Sponsor: Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland. Trial Site: National University of Singapore.

scholarly journals Habenula lesions improve glucose metabolism in rats with type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin sensitivity and inhibiting gluconeogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001250
Author(s):  
Peng Qu ◽  
Yachun Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Mengmeng Qi ◽  
Yimeng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Lesion Group

IntroductionThe habenular nucleus (Hb), a famous relay station in the midbrain, is vital for controlling many physiological functions of vertebrates. The role of Hb in the pathogenesis of depression has been thoroughly studied, but whether it functions in the pathogenesis of diabetes remains unknown. In this study, we found that Hb lesions could improve glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by inhibiting the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and hepatic glucose production.Research design and methodsT2DM rats were induced by a high-carbohydrate and fat diet combined with streptozotocin. Electrical lesion method was applied to suppress the function of Hb. Serum and tissue samples of rats in the control group, T2DM group, sham group, and Hb lesion group were detected by ELISA, western blotting, and biochemical methods.ResultsCompared with the sham group, the expression levels of AMPK phosphorylation and insulin receptor (IR) were significantly increased, whereas glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylated kinase were reduced in the liver of the Hb lesion group. In the glucose tolerance test and pyruvate tolerance test, the lesion group showed stronger glucose tolerance and lower hepatic gluconeogenesis than the sham. These results suggest that Hb lesions not only effectively increase insulin sensitivity and improve insulin resistance but also inhibit gluconeogenesis in T2DM rats. Moreover, Hb lesions increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B, glucocorticoid receptor, and IR in the hippocampus. In this study, we also found that Hb lesions increase the content of acetylcholine in the adrenal glands and reduce the content of epinephrine in both the adrenal glands and the liver, which may be the main reason for the Hb lesions to regulate glucose metabolism in the liver.ConclusionHb is an important neuroanatomical target for the regulation of glucose metabolism in the central nervous system of diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Chromium Picolinate Supplementation Attenuates Body Weight Gain and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1826-1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martin ◽  
Z. Q. Wang ◽  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
D. Wachtel ◽  
J. Volaufova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chromium Picolinate

scholarly journals Efficacy of Body Weight Reduction on the SGLT2 Inhibitor in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun A Cho ◽  
Young Lee Jung ◽  
Yong Hoon Lee ◽  
Yu Chang Lee ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Body Weight Reduction

scholarly journals Effect of pistachios on lipids, lipoproteins, glucose metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A Sauder ◽  
Cindy E McCrea ◽  
Penny M Kris‐Etherton ◽  
Jan S Ulbrecht ◽  
Sheila G West
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Metabolism

scholarly journals Case Report: Severe Edema and Marked Weight Gain Induced by Marginal Thiamine Deficiency in a Patient With Alcohol Dependency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Tanaka ◽  
Takatoshi Anno ◽  
Haruka Takenouchi ◽  
Hideyuki Iwamoto ◽  
Hideaki Kaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Edema ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may develop peripheral edema due to alcohol-related liver, renal, or heart disease. Thiamine deficiency is reported to occur in AUD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thiamine deficiency may also cause peripheral edema. Thiamine is essential for optimal glucose metabolism through its role as an essential co-factor for key enzymes in intermediary metabolism. Since glucose metabolism worsens under diabetic conditions, it seems that a relative shortage of thiamine may occur more easily in patients with diabetes mellitus.Case Presentation: A 59-year-old Japanese man was admitted to the hospital with severe peripheral edema. His background history included alcohol liver disease (ALD), chronic renal failure (CRF), and T2DM. His body mass index (BMI) at admission was 37.7 kg/m2 and this represented a 30 kg increase in body weight over 2 months. Laboratory investigations showed anemia, liver and renal injury, hyperglycemia, and marginal hypothyroidism. The plasma thiamine diphosphate concentration was 20 ng/mL (reference range: 24–66 ng/mL). Diet therapy of 1,600 kcal/day and intravenous fursultiamine hydrochloride therapy (50 mg/once a day, seven days) was commenced in combination with intravenous diuretics. After one week, the plasma thiamine concentration was 853 ng/mL, and the patient's body weight had reduced by 18 kg.Conclusions: Patients with T2DM and AUD may develop severe peripheral edema in the context of marginal thiamine deficiency. Fursultiamine hydrochloride (50 mg/once a day, seven days) restored normal plasma thiamine concentrations and may have contributed to the rapid resolution of severe peripheral edema in this case. Empirical treatment with thiamine should be considered in patients with severe peripheral edema in the context of AUD and T2DM.

scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Shu-ying Li ◽  
Ya-ling Zhao ◽  
Yu-fan Yang ◽  
Xi Wang ◽  
Min Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy

Background. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is commonly used for the treatment of hypogonadism in men, which is often associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (Mets). Recent compiling evidence shows that TRT has beneficial metabolic effects on these patients. Objective. A meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate the effects of TRT on cardiovascular metabolic factors. Methods. We conducted a systemic search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, and CNKI and selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to include. The efficacy of TRT on glycemia, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and body weight was meta-analyzed by Review Manager. Results. A total of 18 RCTs, containing 1415 patients (767 in TRT and 648 in control), were enrolled for the meta-analysis. The results showed that TRT could reduce HbA1c (MD = −0.67, 95% CI −1.35, −0.19, and P = 0.006 ) and improve HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance) (SMD = −1.94, 95% CI −2.65, −1.23, and P < 0.0001 ). TRT could also decrease low-density lipoprotein (SMD = −0.50, 95% CI −0.82, −0.90, and P = 0.002 ) and triglycerides (MD = −0.64, 95% CI −0.91, −0.36, and P < 0.0001 ). In addition, TRT could reduce body weight by 3.91 kg (MD = −3.91, 95% CI −4.14, −3.69, and P < 0.00001 ) and waist circumference by 2.8 cm (MD −2.80, 95% CI −4.38, −1.21 and P = 0.0005 ). Erectile dysfunction (measured by IIEF-5) did not improve, while aging-related symptoms (measured by AMS scores) significantly improved. Conclusions. TRT improves glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid parameters in hypogonadism patients with T2DM and MetS, partially through reducing central obesity.

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