scholarly journals The Effect of Stride Frequency on Running Economy and Running Distance During High Intensity Treadmill Running

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Boram Lim ◽  
Young Sub Kwon
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Volitional Fatigue ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Recreational Runners

Running economy (RE; ml·kg-1·km1) considers as a valid predictor of endurance running performance. Theoretically, improving RE allows runners to cover more distance at constant speed or run faster at a given distance. Stride frequency (SF) is one of the important parameters that affects running performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SF on RE and distance while running on the treadmill at the speed of V̇O2max (sV̇O2max) until volitional fatigue. The second purpose was to determine a relationship between RE and running distance during high intensity running. We hypothesized that both RE and running distance would affect significantly by SF variations and there is a positive relationship between RE and running distance. Ten male recreational runners (age: 25.8 ± 5.0 yrs, height: 171.4 ± 6.2 cm, mass: 71.9 ± 7.5 kg) completed total seven experimental sessions including graded exercise test and running session for determining V̇O2max (55.4 ± 5.9 ml·kg-1·min1) and preferred SF (PSF; 88.0±3.9 strides/min), respectively. Running speed was calculated based on V̇O2max using the metabolic equation; V̇O2 (ml·kg-1·min1) = [0.2 × Speed(m/min)] + 3.5(ml·kg-1·min1). Participants performed five separate running sessions (PSF, ±5%, ±10%) on the treadmill at the sV̇O2max with 0% gradient until volitional fatigue. A computer-based metronome was played in order to help maintain a target SF while running. The running distance was significantly different among SF variations (p < 0.01) and all participants ran the greater distance at 105% PSF. However, RE was not statistically significant (p = 0.19) across the SF conditions. There was a low correlation between RE and running distance (r = 0.214, p = 0.14). SF variations have a significant influence on running distance, but not RE during high intensity running. Recretional runners may use 105% PSF during high intensity running to train both aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

scholarly journals Energy cost of running instability evaluated with wearable trunk accelerometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 462-472
Author(s):  
Kurt H. Schütte ◽  
Saint Sackey ◽  
Rachel Venter ◽  
Benedicte Vanwanseele
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Trunk Acceleration ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Endurance Running Performance

Maintaining stability under dynamic conditions is an inherent challenge to bipedal running. This challenge may impose an energetic cost (Ec) thus hampering endurance running performance, yet the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Wireless triaxial trunk accelerometry is a simple tool that could be used to unobtrusively evaluate these mechanisms. Here, we test a cost of instability hypothesis by examining the contribution of trunk accelerometry-based measures (triaxial root mean square, step and stride regularity, and sample entropy) to interindividual variance in Ec (J/m) during treadmill running. Accelerometry and indirect calorimetry data were collected concurrently from 30 recreational runners (16 men; 14 women) running at their highest steady-state running speed (80.65 ± 5.99% V̇o2max). After reducing dimensionality with factor analysis, the effect of dynamic stability features on Ec was evaluated using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Three accelerometry-based measures could explain an additional 10.4% of interindividual variance in Ec after controlling for body mass, attributed to anteroposterior stride regularity (5.2%), anteroposterior root mean square ratio (3.2%), and mediolateral sample entropy (2.0%). Our results lend support to a cost of instability hypothesis, with trunk acceleration waveform signals that are 1) more consistent between strides anteroposterioly, 2) larger in amplitude variability anteroposterioly, and 3) more complex mediolaterally and are energetically advantageous to endurance running performance. This study shows that wearable trunk accelerometry is a useful tool for understanding the Ec of running and that running stability is important for economy in recreational runners. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study evaluates and more directly lends support to a cost of instability hypothesis between runners. Moreover, this hypothesis was tested using a minimalist setup including a single triaxial trunk mounted accelerometer, with potential transferability to biomechanical and performance analyses in typical outdoor settings.

scholarly journals Relation between 1,500-m running performance and running economy during high-intensity running in well-trained distance runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiya Tanji ◽  
Yusuke Shirai ◽  
Toshiki Tsuji ◽  
Wataru Shimazu ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Running Performance

scholarly journals Acute administration of high doses of taurine does not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and the effect on maximal accumulated oxygen deficit is unclear

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Milioni ◽  
Elvis de Souza Malta ◽  
Leandro George Spinola do Amaral Rocha ◽  
Camila Angélica Asahi Mesquita ◽  
Ellen Cristini de Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute administration of taurine overload on time to exhaustion (TTE) of high-intensity running performance and alternative maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAODALT). The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Seventeen healthy male volunteers (age: 25 ± 6 years; maximal oxygen uptake: 50.5 ± 7.6 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed an incremental treadmill-running test until voluntary exhaustion to determine maximal oxygen uptake and exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake. Subsequently, participants completed randomly 2 bouts of supramaximal treadmill-running at 110% exercise intensity at maximal oxygen uptake until exhaustion (placebo (6 g dextrose) or taurine (6 g) supplementation), separated by 1 week. MAODALT was determined using a single supramaximal effort by summating the contribution of the phosphagen and glycolytic pathways. When comparing the results of the supramaximal trials (i.e., placebo and taurine conditions) no differences were observed for high-intensity running TTE (237.70 ± 66.00 and 277.30 ± 40.64 s; p = 0.44) and MAODALT (55.77 ± 8.22 and 55.06 ± 7.89 mL·kg−1; p = 0.61), which seem to indicate trivial and unclear differences using the magnitude-based inferences approach, respectively. In conclusion, acute 6 g taurine supplementation before exercise did not substantially improve high-intensity running performance and showed an unclear effect on MAODALT.

The Effects of Wearing Undersized Lower-Body Compression Garments on Endurance Running Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J. Dascombe ◽  
Trent K. Hoare ◽  
Joshua A. Sear ◽  
Peter R. Reaburn ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Endurance Running Performance ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Purpose:To examine whether wearing various size lower-body compression garments improves physiological and performance parameters related to endurance running in well-trained athletes.Methods:Eleven well-trained middle-distance runners and triathletes (age: 28.4 ± 10.0 y; height: 177.3 ± 4.7 cm; body mass: 72.6 ± 8.0 kg; VO2max: 59.0 ± 6.7 mL·kg–1·min–1) completed repeat progressive maximal tests (PMT) and time-to-exhaustion (TTE) tests at 90% VO2max wearing either manufacturer-recommended LBCG (rLBCG), undersized LBCG (uLBCG), or loose running shorts (CONT). During all exercise testing, several systemic and peripheral physiological measures were taken.Results:The results indicated similar effects of wearing rLBCG and uLBCG compared with the control. Across the PMT, wearing either LBCG resulted in significantly (P < .05) increased oxygen consumption, O2 pulse, and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and decreased running economy, oxyhemoglobin, and tissue oxygenation index (TOI) at low-intensity speeds (8–10 km·h–1). At higher speeds (12–18 km·h-1), wearing LBCG increased regional blood fow (nTHI) and HHb values, but significantly lowered heart rate and TOI. During the TTE, wearing either LBCG significantly (P < .05) increased HHb concentration, whereas wearing uLBCG also significantly (P < .05) increased nTHI. No improvement in endurance running performance was observed in either compression condition.Conclusion:The results suggest that wearing LBCG facilitated a small number of cardiorespiratory and peripheral physiological benefits that appeared mostly related to improvements in venous flow. However, these improvements appear trivial to athletes, as they did not correspond to any improvement in endurance running performance.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Running Economy in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio de Oliveira Assumpção ◽  
Leonardo Coelho Rabello Lima ◽  
Felipe Bruno Dias Oliveira ◽  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
Benedito Sérgio Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exercise Induced

Running economy (RE), defined as the energy demand for a given velocity of submaximal running, has been identified as a critical factor of overall distance running performance. Plyometric and resistance trainings, performed during a relatively short period of time (~15–30 days), have been successfully used to improve RE in trained athletes. However, these exercise types, particularly when they are unaccustomed activities for the individuals, may cause delayed onset muscle soreness, swelling, and reduced muscle strength. Some studies have demonstrated that exercise-induced muscle damage has a negative impact on endurance running performance. Specifically, the muscular damage induced by an acute bout of downhill running has been shown to reduce RE during subsequent moderate and high-intensity exercise (>65% VO2max). However, strength exercise (i.e., jumps, isoinertial and isokinetic eccentric exercises) seems to impair RE only for subsequent high-intensity exercise (~90% VO2max). Finally, a single session of resistance exercise or downhill running (i.e., repeated bout effect) attenuates changes in indirect markers of muscle damage and blunts changes in RE.

Effects of Two High-intensity Interval Training Concepts in Recreational Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Faelli ◽  
Vittoria Ferrando ◽  
Ambra Bisio ◽  
Mara Ferrando ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractThis study investigated the effects induced by 8 weeks of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols, 10–20–30 and 30–30 concepts, characterized by significantly different training volume and intensity, on physiological parameters, running performance, body composition and psychophysiological stress of recreational divided into two groups: the 10–20–30 group performed two 10–20–30 sessions/wk and one continuous training (CT)/wk, whilst the 30–30 group performed two 30–30 sessions/wk and one CT session/wk. VO2max, 1 km time, maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and body composition were evaluated before and after intervention. Internal load was measured through rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Both groups significantly improved running performance (1 km time: p=0.04; MAS: p=0.000001), aerobic fitness (VO2max: p=0.000002) and body composition (lean mass (kg) p=0.0001; fat mass (%) p=0.00005). RPE resulted significantly lower in the 10–20–30 group than in 30–30 group (10–20–30: 13.36±0.28; 30–30:15.55±0.21; p=0.0002). Thus, the 10–20–30 group improved physiological parameters, performance and body composition, similar to 30–30 with significantly lower RPE values. These results suggest that in recreational runners the 10–20–30 training is effective in improving aerobic fitness and performance, with a lower subjective perception of effort, thus enhancing individual compliance and adherence to the prescribed training program.

Stride Frequency and Submaximal Treadmill Running Economy in Adults and Children

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viswanath B. Unnithan ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
The Body ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Oxygen Cost ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
All Speeds

Previous studies have consistently shown that the body mass/relative oxygen cost of submaximal treadmill running is greater in children than in young adults. It has been suggested that the obligatory increased stride frequency in children might be at least partly responsible. This hypothesis was investigated by examining the association between stride frequency and oxygen demand characteristics in 10 aerobically fit prepubescent boys (ages 9-10 yrs) and 10 fit young men (ages 18-25 yrs) while running at fixed submaximal speeds on an electronically driven treadmill. The oxygen demand was higher at all running speeds in the boys’ group. To compensate for a shorter stride length, the boys demonstrated higher stride frequency at all speeds. To determine if the inferior running economy in the boys was partly due to the greater stride frequency, the relative oxygen demand per stride was compared between groups at all speeds. This value was similar in both groups. It is concluded that the apparently greater oxygen demand of running in boys may be due in part to the greater stride frequency required to maintain similar running speeds.

The COL5A1 Gene, Ultra-Marathon Running Performance, and Range of Motion

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Brown ◽  
Caron-Jayne Miller ◽  
Michael Posthumus ◽  
Martin P. Schwellnus ◽  
Malcolm Collins
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Endurance Running Performance ◽  
Ultra Endurance ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Purpose:Endurance running performance is a multifactorial phenotype that is strongly associated with running economy. Sit and reach range of motion (SR ROM) is negatively associated with running economy, suggesting that reduced SR ROM is advantageous for endurance running performance. The COL5A1 gene has been associated with both endurance running performance and SR ROM in separate cohorts. The aim of this study was to investigate whether COL5A1 is associated with ultra-marathon running performance and whether this relationship could be partly explained by prerace SR ROM.Methods:Seventy-two runners (52 male, 20 female) were recruited from the 56 km Two Oceans ultra-marathon and were assessed for prerace SR ROM. The cohort was genotyped for the COL5A1 BsfUI restriction fragment length polymorphism, and race times were collected after the event.Results:Participants with a TT genotype (341 ± 41 min, N = 21) completed the 56 km Two Oceans ultra-marathon significantly (P = 0.014) faster than participants with TC and CC genotypes (365 ± 39 min, N = 50). The COL5A1 genotype and age accounted for 19% of performance variance. When the cohort was divided into performance and flexibility quadrants, the T allele was significantly (P = 0.044) over-represented within the fast and inflexible quadrant.Conclusion:The COL5A1 genotype was found to be significantly associated with performance in a 56 km ultra-endurance run. This study confirms previous findings and it furthers our understanding of the relationships among ROM, COL5A1, and endurance running performance. We continue to speculate that the COL5A1 gene alters muscle-tendon stiffness.

High-intensity Interval Training Shock Microcycle Improves Running Performance but not Economy in Female Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Dolci ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding ◽  
Tania Spiteri ◽  
Paola Chivers ◽  
Benjamin Piggott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of high-intensity interval training shock microcycles (HIITSM) on endurance, running economy and change of direction economy in female soccer players. Nineteen sub-elite female soccer players were randomised to two groups: HIITSM (10 HIIT sessions over 13 days) or HIITTRAD (4 HIIT sessions over 13 days) interventions. Endurance performance was evaluated through the 30–15 intermittent fitness test (30–15IFT); running economy over a 5-min treadmill run; and change of direction economy over two conditions: (1) 5-min 20m shuttle run, and (2) 5-min 10m shuttle run. HIITSM significantly improved 30–15IFT scores compared to baseline (+4.4%, p=0.009; d=0.96) and 30–15IFT scores relative to HIITTRAD (p=0.002; d=2.01). There was no significant interaction (group×time) for running economy and change of direction economy. Pre- to post- intervention there was a significant main time effect for blood lactate over 20m and 10m shuttle runs (p<0.001 and p=0.037, respectively), with large (d=0.93) and moderate (d=0.53) changes observed for the HIITSM over the two distances, respectively. HIITSM may be more effective than HIITTRAD to improve 30–15IFT over shorter training periods but may not affect running economy and change of direction economy.

scholarly journals The effects of short-duration static stretching of the lower extremities after warm-up exercise on endurance running performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Takizawa ◽  
Taichi Yamaguchi ◽  
Keisuke Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Endurance Running Performance

<p>Previous studies have concluded that static stretching impairs running economy and endurance running performance. However these studies examined long durations (90-120 seconds for one muscle) of static stretching. Another study reported that most athletes perform static stretching of each muscle for less than 20 seconds in their warm-up. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of 20-second static stretches of the lower extremities after 15 minutes warm-up on endurance running performance. Seven healthy well-trained middle or long distance male runners (age 21.3 ± 2.1 years; height 170.3 ± 3.1 centimeters; weight 60.0 ± 5.5 kilograms) took part in the present study. Each subject ran on a treadmill at 90% VO<sub>2</sub>max until exhaustion after one of two warm-up procedures. The two warm-up procedures were 15 minutes running at 70% VO<sub>2</sub>max (Warm-up) and 15 minutes running at 70% VO<sub>2</sub>max plus five static stretches of the lower extremities (Warm-up + static stretching). The running performance was evaluated by time to exhaustion. In the results, there were no significant differences in time to exhaustion among the warm-up exercises (Warm-up: 819.3 ± 230.6 sec., Warm-up + static stretching 817.9 ± 213.7 sec.). These results suggested that endurance running performance was not affected by the presence or absence of 20-second static stretches and there may be no need to avoid static stretches before endurance running if the duration is not too long.</p>

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