scholarly journals Cross-Cultural and Gender Comparison of Emotional Connotation of Words

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxuan Liang ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Positive Feeling ◽  
The Us ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Gender Aspect

So far, scientists have researched to explore the emotional connotation of words in different native languages and genders. This study investigates how connotations of words differ by cultures and genders by inspecting valence values, which indicates how happy people feel about specific words in datasets obtained from USA, Spain, and Portuguese. To fulfill the objective, we categorized people’s feelings evoked by the words based on a criterion created by adding or subtracting standard deviation to or from valence means for the upper and lower bound. Then, words with valence values outside of the upper and lower bounds were categorized as emotional words (positive or negative) and were analyzed. The results show that people of different cultures are more connected regarding the perception of negative connotation of words than positive connotation. Moreover, Portuguese and Spanish are more connected than either of them with the US as they have more emotion words in common. On the gender aspect, we notice that females tend to give more extreme ratings for words than males. Furthermore, the analysis shows that males have a more positive feeling towards sex-related words than females. Overall, this study outlines a way for people interested in anthropology to understand the differences in the emotional connotation of words between males and females and across cultures.

scholarly journals Reconstructing sexual divisions of labor from fingerprints on Ancestral Puebloan pottery

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (25) ◽  
pp. 12220-12225 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kantner ◽  
David McKinney ◽  
Michele Pierson ◽  
Shaza Wester
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Chaco Canyon ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ancestral Puebloan ◽  
The Us ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

An understanding of the division of labor in different societies, and especially how it evolved in the human species, is fundamental to most analyses of social, political, and economic systems. The ability to reconstruct how labor was organized, however, especially in ancient societies that left behind few material remains, is challenged by the paucity of direct evidence demonstrating who was involved in production. This is particularly true for identifying divisions of labor along lines of age, sex, and gender, for which archaeological interpretations mostly rely upon inferences derived from modern examples with uncertain applicability to ancient societies. Drawing upon biometric studies of human fingerprints showing statistically distinct ridge breadth measurements for juveniles, males, and females, this study reports a method for collecting fingerprint impressions left on ancient material culture and using them to distinguish the sex of the artifacts’ producers. The method is applied to a sample of 985 ceramic sherds from a 1,000-y-old Ancestral Puebloan community in the US Southwest, a period characterized by the rapid emergence of a highly influential religious and political center at Chaco Canyon. The fingerprint evidence demonstrates that both males and females were significantly involved in pottery production and further suggests that the contributions of each sex varied over time and even among different social groups in the same community. The results indicate that despite long-standing assumptions that pottery production in Ancient Puebloan societies was primarily a female activity, labor was not strictly divided and instead was likely quite dynamic.

Site, age, and gender distribution of extra-gonadal germ cell tumors in the US from 1973 to 2015.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16051-e16051
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pan ◽  
Ugonna Ihenacho ◽  
Victoria Cortesssis ◽  
Syem Barakzai ◽  
James S Hu
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Germ Cell Migration ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Histologic Types ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

e16051 Background: Germ cell tumors (GCT) commonly arise in post pubertal gonads where they are influenced by sexually dimorphic hormone signaling. More rarely, extra-gonadal GCTs (EGGCTs) arise in midline sites, coinciding with the route of primordial germ cell migration. EGGCTs are proposed to arise from cells not completing this migration. We characterized the incidence of EGGCTs according to patient and tumor features in an attempt to elucidate tumor origins. Methods: In Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program SEER*Stat Database SEER 9 Regs Research Data, 1973-2015, primary EGGCT cases were identified by ICD-O-3 histologic types (seminoma: 9060-9062, 9064; non-seminoma 9065-9101) grouped into central nervous system (CNS), mediastinum, and other EGGCT sites. Age-specific incidences for males and females were divided into adolescents and young adults (AYA) defined by the National Cancer Institute as 15-39 years of age, and younger childhood and older adult groups. Results: In AYAs and older adults, age-adjusted incidence of males exceeded that of females at all sites (p≤0.006, all comparisons) (Table). Male incidence was highest in AYAs (all EGGCT, 4.35/1,000,000 person-years (Mpy); mediastinum, 2.17/Mpy; other 0.68/Mpy). Female incidence was highest in childhood (CNS, 0.86/Mpy; mediastinum, 0.14/Mpy; other 0.64/Mp-y). Conclusions: Patterns of EGGCT incidence differ substantially between sexes. Permissive extra-gonadal sites of males or male-predominant exposures may explain higher incidence in males. Alternatively, EGGCT precursor cells may have sex-specific features affecting malignant potential. [Table: see text]

Projected future risk of leukemia and brain tumors from unnecessary brain CT scans: a multi-center study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Asgari ◽  
A.A. Parach ◽  
F. Bouzarjomehri ◽  
F. Shirani-Takabi ◽  
A.H. Mehrparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Brain Ct ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Probability Of Cancer

Introduction: Computer Tomography (CT) scans can deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient, therefore radiation protection for this modality is paramount. The present study determined the frequency of no abnormality detected (NAD) brain CT scans and probability of cancer induction in different age groups and genders. Methods: In this study, brain CT reports were used to identify any findings as abnormality detected (AD) and others as NAD. Then probability of future leukemia and brain cancer was estimated for different age and gender groups. Results: On average, in 65% of the cases the results were NAD (56% and 76% among males and females, respectively). Among children, 79% of the reports were NAD. The total number of projected brain cancers was 1.8 and 1.3 for males and females, respectively. The number of projected leukemia cases was 0.75 and 0.7 for males and females, respectively. For pediatric patients, brain CT scans can lead to leukemia cases about 4.5 times more often than adults. Conclusion: Brain CT scans can lead to additional cases of brain cancer and leukemia. A significant fraction of brain CTs were NAD (non-pathologic) and could practically be replaced by other radiation-free imaging modalities, especially in pediatric and young patients.

Military Subsidization of Human Capital and Gender Stratification in the US Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342098262
Author(s):  
Tyler Saxon
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Gender Stratification ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Military

In the United States, the military is the primary channel through which many are able to obtain supports traditionally provided by the welfare state, such as access to higher education, job training, employment, health care, and so on. However, due to the nature of the military as a highly gendered institution, these social welfare functions are not as accessible for women as they are for men. This amounts to a highly gender-biased state spending pattern that subsidizes substantially more human capital development for men than for women, effectively reinforcing women’s subordinate status in the US economy. JEL classification: B54, B52, Z13

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Carotid Artery Calcification on the Panoramic Radiographs in Cappadocia Region Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yildiray Sisman ◽  
Elif Tarim Ertas ◽  
Cumali Gokce ◽  
Ahmed Menku ◽  
Mustafa Ulker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Carotid Artery Calcification ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
School Of Dentistry ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study is to determine retrospectively the presence of carotid artery calcifications (CACs) detected on panoramic radiographs (PRs) in a group of Turkish population. Further, the relationships between CACs and gender, life style, and medical history were evaluated.Methods:During the years 2004 to 2006, a random sample of 1282 PRs was collected from patients older than 40 years who were being treated by the School of Dentistry, Erciyes University. Of these 1282 PRs, 750 PRs were included in this study. Medical data was collected from the archival records of the dental school.Results: About 38 (5.06%) CACs were found on the PRs of 12 (4.5%) males and 26 (5.4%) females. The CAC prevalence was not significantly different between the males and females (P=0.583). These calcifications were unilateral in 26 (68.4%) and bilateral in 12 (31.6%) subjects. Of those in the positive group, there were 12 subjects (31.58%) with hyperlipidemia, 12 subjects (31.58%) with hypertension, 7 subjects (18.4%) with diabetes mellitus, 6 subjects (15.8%) with cardiovascular disease, and 6 subjects (15.8%) with smoking history.Conclusions: This study has the highest CACs prevalence in comparison to the other studies. Therefore, dentists caring for subjects with dental problems should carefully evaluate their PRs for the evidence of CACs, and refer them for medical evaluation as indicated. So, incidental findings could provide life-saving information. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:132-138)

Sex differences in melanotic encapsulation responses (immunocompetence) in the damselfly Lestes forcipatus Rambur

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P Yourth ◽  
Mark R Forbes ◽  
Robert L Baker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
Melanotic Encapsulation

A few studies have shown that male and female invertebrates differ in immunity and that these differences appear related to differences in sexual dimorphism and gender differences in life histories. Melanotic encapsulation of foreign objects in insects is one form of immunity. The damselfly Lestes forcipatus Rambur is moderately sexually dimorphic, and much is known about patterns of mass gain in congeners relating to differences in life history between males and females. In this study, females were more immunoresponsive than males under controlled temperatures, following emergence, and at a time when parasitic mites were challenging these hosts. However, males and females that overlapped in mass at emergence did not differ in their immune responses. Males in better condition at emergence were more immunoresponsive than lighter males, but this relation was not found in females. Sex differences in immune expression may have implications for how females versus males are able to deal with challenges from parasites, under varying environmental conditions.

EXPRESSION OF LOVE AS LINGVOCULTURAL AND GENDER LINGUISTIC CONCEPT AND ITS REFLECTION IN DIFFERENT CULTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Yulia Sergeyevna Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Taking Care

Concept of Love expression has been studied by a number of scholars. The concept is of great interest to psycholinguists, researchers of gender linguistics and lingvoculture. The relation between gender roles, gender expectations and confessing love to the partner has been determined. Willingness to say I love you is directly connected with the culture. Different cultures’ views and attitude towards verbal love expression have been researched and outlined. The interviews and surveys supported the interrelation and interconnection between love expression and culture. Asian and Muslim women tend to expect men to take initiative while Americans are more likely to be open-minded in this question. Asian families express their feelings by taking care of their family members while Americans say they love each other all the time. The mentality of different nations is effected by collectivism and individualism.

From Child Maltreatment to Adolescent Substance Use: Different Pathways for Males and Females?

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Benedini ◽  
Abigail A. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Internalizing Problems ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

This study uses data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN) project to assess the relationships between childhood physical abuse/sexual abuse and adolescent substance use. Whether these relationships are mediated by externalizing problems, internalizing problems, parent–child attachment, or anger and gender differences in these direct and indirect relationships is also addressed. Results indicate that there is a direct relationship between physical abuse and substance use and that mediating pathways between maltreatment and substance use are different for males and females. These results suggest that gender-responsive services should be provided to prevent and address adolescent substance use.

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