Cuestiones específicas de la ejecución de sentencias urbanísticas que inciden en la protección del medio ambiente. Especial referencia al principio de no regresión del suelo verde urbano

2014 ◽  
pp. 1563-1583
Author(s):  
Gemma GEIS I CARRERAS
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Green Areas

LABURPENA: Hirigintza Zuzenbidearen kontrol jurisdikzionalak eragina du ingurumenaren babesean, biak lotuta baitaude. Ingurumenaren babesean sartzen da hirietako lurzoru berdea. Auzitegi Nagusiaren jurisprudentziarik berrienak hirietako lurzoru berdearen erregresiorik eza garatu du hiri-plangintzaren aldaketan. Hirigintzari buruzko epaiak betearazteak berezitasunak ditu eta horiek eragina dute ingurumenean: adibidez, hirigintza-lan publikoa, betearazte-fasea iraungitzea, epaiak eteteko arrazoi berria itsasertzaren babesari eta erabilera jasangarriari buruzko maiatzaren 29ko 2/2013 Legean. Epai horiek beteraztea ez da ezinezkoa, konplexua baizik, lehengoratzea zaila delako, luzea, edo ingurumenari kalte egiteko arriskua dagoelako. Betearazteak aurreikusi egin behar ditu ingurumenaren gaineko arriskuak, baina epaia geldiarazi gabe. RESUMEN: El control jurisdiccional del Derecho urbanístico incide en la protección del medio ambiente dada la imbricación entre ambos. La protección del medio ambiente integra el suelo verde de las ciudades. La jurisprudencia más reciente del Tribunal Supremo ha desarrollado el principio de no regresión del suelo verde urbano suelo como límite en la modificación del planeamiento urbanístico. La ejecución de las sentencias urbanísticas presenta unas especificidades propias que tienen especial incidencia en el medio ambiente, tales como: la acción pública urbanística, la caducidad de la fase de ejecución, la nueva causa de suspensión de ejecución de sentencias en la Ley 2/2013, de 29 de mayo, de protección y uso sostenible del litoral. Dichas sentencias presentan una mayor complejidad que no imposibilidad en la fase de ejecución por su dificultad, duración o riesgo de daño ambiental en la restauración. La ejecución deber prever los posibles riesgos ambientales pero no debe paralizarse el cumplimiento de la sentencia. ABSTRACT: Judicial review of urban development law has repercussions for environmental protection. Urban green areas are part of the environment and must be protected. The Supreme Court has limited urban development through the principle of nonregression of these urban green areas. Legal controversies surrounding the enforcement of urban development rulings with considerable environmental impact are analyzed. The analysis includes the public urban planning actions taken, the termination of the enforcement phase and the recently suspended enforcement of Coastal Law rulings. The environmental dimension complicates the enforcement phase due to the difficulty, the duration or the possible risk of environmental damage during restoration. Enforcement must take into account these particular features without compromising compliance with the ruling.

Mapping irrigation efficiency in large urban green areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonor Rodriguez-Sinobas ◽  
Freddy Canales-Ide ◽  
Sergio Zubelzu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Use Efficiency

<p>This study presents a novel method for controlling and monitoring irrigation of urban green areas based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The proposed procedure was applied to the Spanish Valdebebas Urban Development, located in Madrid, which comprises 18 ha occupied by urban parks irrigated by subsurface drip irrigation fully automated. Its irrigation network conveys water to 67 different irrigation units, irrigating very heterogeneous plants typology. The GIS model considered the smallest irrigation unit, as the pixel size and it was fed with the information on: discharging flow, irrigated area and irrigation times of each irrigation unit. The study was performed with data from the three irrigation seasons from 2017 to 2019. Likewise, daily information from the weather station located at the urban development, used for the irrigation network operation, was also incorporated into the GIS. The results showed the spatial and temporal variability of the garden coefficients (and water needs) and the water use efficiency. The study also estimate the evolution of irrigation rates and water use efficiency indices under three different climate change forecasting scenarios (namely Representative Concentration Pathways– RCP–45, RCP 6 and RCP85). This method can assist technicians and irrigation managers to make better decisions on operating the parks’ irrigation network.</p>

scholarly journals Indicadores ambientales de áreas verdes urbanas para la gestión en dos ciudades costarricenses

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Morales Cerdas ◽  
Lilliana Piedra Castro ◽  
Marilyn Romero Vargas ◽  
Tania Bermúdez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Mental Well Being

Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2 012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six were located in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2 / hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that the Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82 %, 51 %, 81 % and 14 % of the area of protection of their margins in conforming use. 11 of the public GA’s were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems.

scholarly journals Urban green areas planning and development: An assessment of general urban plans of the City of Nis

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Jelena Djekic ◽  
Milena Dinic-Brankovic ◽  
Petar Mitkovic ◽  
Milica Igic ◽  
Mihailo Mitkovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The City

Urban green areas have multiple roles in cities and to a large extent they determine the quality and livability of urban space. The process of urbanization has led to an increase in construction in cities and reduction of open public spaces, especially green areas. Planning of urban green areas is an integral part of urban planning, thus changes in planning and development of urban green areas can be observed through urban planning documents. The main question is whether the loss of green areas is a consequence of non-compliance with plans, or the reason for this lies in the method of planning of green areas. In order to answer this question the paper discusses: functions, standards and classification of urban green areas in general, and their use in two successive general urban plans of the city of Nis in the last twenty years, as a prerequisite for the development of green areas in accordance with growing need for green areas in the city.

scholarly journals The Socioeconomic Welfare of Urban Green Areas and Parks; A Literature Review of Available Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7863
Author(s):  
Antonios Kolimenakis ◽  
Alexandra D. Solomou ◽  
Nikolaos Proutsos ◽  
Evangelia V. Avramidou ◽  
Evangelia Korakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

Urban green areas present a lucid example for the harmonious co-existence of the artificial and natural environments best illustrated by their interdependence and interconnection in urban spaces. Urban green areas are essential for the health and wellbeing of citizens. The present study aimed to investigate those multiple benefits for citizens that arise through the existence of urban green areas, as well as important policy dimensions that should be considered when designing the expansion of urban green spaces in urban development. The study was based on a literature review to examine for available evidence on the benefit levels derived by the existence of urban green areas. An extended literature review was followed by a structured review, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, which partly followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted in two databases, and a total of 1674 articles and abstracts were identified through the database searches. After removing 114 duplicates, 1560 records were initially screened based on title and abstract. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were incorporated in the structured review and a total of 47 in the extended review. The extended literature review identified 33 additional articles examining aspects of benefits that did not fall under the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the structured review, such as health benefits and other social parameters associated with urban green spaces. The selected studies were allocated in five principal groups according to study types: three of the them consisted of studies employing “willingness to pay” (WTP) methods, five were based on property values, two studies assigned monetary values, while another two assigned CO2 values, and, finally, two studies were based on qualitative criteria. The results indicated benefits to citizens and increased welfare levels gained by the existence of urban green areas. The conducted review revealed a number of findings and recommendations that could direct future research and urban policy. Those hints could assist local authorities as well as stakeholders in order to measure and assess the benefits of green spaces and urban parks and promote measures and programs to assist their further deployment.

Urban green areas retain just a small fraction of tree reproductive diversity of the Atlantic forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 126779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela T.P. Oliveira ◽  
Jéssica L.S. Silva ◽  
Oswaldo Cruz-Neto ◽  
Laís A. Borges ◽  
Luciana C. Girão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

scholarly journals Cities, the Urban Green Environment, and Individual Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Milan, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Tavano Blessi ◽  
Enzo Grossi ◽  
Giovanni Pieretti ◽  
Guido Ferilli ◽  
Alessandra Landi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Individual

This paper evaluates the independent effect of the spatial proximity of green urban areas upon the individual subjective well-being of the Milan population (Italy). The methodology is based on a survey undertaken in 2010 using a sample of 1,000 of Milan citizens. Univariate and multivariate analyses and GIS localization have been employed in order to rank the major individual well-being determinants and the relationship between citizens and urban green areas. Results show that the residential proximity of citizens to urban green areas seems to have little bearing on individual subjective well-being.

An index to identify suitable species in urban green areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jesus Garcia-Garcia ◽  
Alvaro Sánchez-Medina ◽  
Eva Alfonso-Corzo ◽  
Concepcion Gonzalez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas
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