scholarly journals A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE CLAUSE GRAMMAR IN BOTH ARABIC AND ENGLISH

2022 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Rana Abid THYAB
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Arabic And English

A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIVE CLAUSE GRAMMAR IN BOTH ARABIC AND ENGLISH

Arabic and English genitive constructions

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al-Shaer
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
British English ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Intuitive Judgments ◽  
Arabic And English

It is well documented that there is a one-to-many relationship between Arabic and English genitival constructions. However, it is unclear whether, given this syntactic variation, such constructions show equivalence in semantic function. For this purpose, a corpus-based contrastive analysis of these genitive constructions in a bilingual novel is carried out. As a prelude to a quantitative and qualitative inspection of the data, the (non)interchangeability of the alternative English genitives is determined by eliciting intuitive judgments from 10 linguistically naïve native speakers of British English. Quantitatively, the study shows that the Arabic genitive almost covers the semantic functions expressed by the various English genitives found in the corpus. Qualitatively, the study reveals that the flexibility derived from the English genitive variation, as opposed to the fixed word order of the Arabic genitive, allows the speaker to convey additional meaning. However, the Arabic genitive which employs various formal devices such as overt markers of case, gender, number, definiteness and person can express the same semantic functions. These features render Arabic functional with one genitive and require English to vary its genitive relative to certain phonological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic conditions.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Contrastive Analysis of Greeting Strategies in Jordanian Arabic and English

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 104-123
Author(s):  
Lubna Ahmad Shawish
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Arabic And English

The aim of this research paper is to find the similarities and differences that exist in the sociolinguistic dimensions of greeting forms and strategies in Arabic and English. A DCT instrument was used to collect data from a sample that consisted of 30 Second Secondary Grade Students in North Ghore Directorate of Education. The results revealed that there are varied forms and patterns of Arabic in contrast with English according to Halliday’s classification (1979) of time-free and time-bound forms. Moreover, it was found that oral speech strategies were most common in the Arabic language than the English one.

Exploring probabilistic differences between genetically related languages

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wiechmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modeling ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Conditional Inference ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Conditional Inference Tree ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Inference Tree

The study proposes an analytical pipeline for quantitative corpus-based research in the domain of contrastive linguistic analysis. Specifically, it is proposed that a combination of conditional inference tree models for data exploration combined with subsequent statistical modeling via generalized linear models can help reveal and describe interesting contrasts between the languages under investigation. The main goal of this paper is to provide an approachable introduction into the rationale underlying these techniques and to illustrate their application on the basis of a contrastive analysis of English and German relative clause constructions.

scholarly journals Arabic and English Loan Words in Bahasa: Implications for Foreign Language Pedagogy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Reima Al-Jarf
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Foreign Language Pedagogy ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Language Pedagogy ◽  
Arab Students ◽  
Arabic And English

Many Arab students are currently pursuing their education at Malaysian institutions, and they have to study Bahasa Malaysia as a university requirement to be able to communicate with people in the local community. Therefore, this study aims to help Arab students learn Bahasa easily as Bahasa contains many loan words from Arabic and English. This article gives Arab students examples of Arabic and English loan words with which they are familiar and shows them the different phonological adaptations of Arabic and English loan words in Bahasa as the Arabic, English and Bahasa sound systems are different. A corpus of non-technical Malay words that are commonly encountered in public places in Malaysia was collected and analyzed.  A contrastive analysis of Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay phonological systems was performed. Different homogenization processes are applied to Arabic and English loan words depending on the differences between Arabic and Malay, and English and Malay. Examples of Arabic loan words in Malay are: menara, Sabtu, Ahad, Akhir, tahniya. Examples of English loan words in Bahasa are: stesen, kelab, tren, kompleks, imigresen, destinasi. Further implications for learning Bahasa Malaysia by Arab students are given.

Setting the boundaries

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 53-85
Author(s):  
Silvio Cruschina
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Focus Structure ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Existential Sentences

Abstract Constructions that are typically used to introduce a new referent into the discourse may extend this function so as to introduce a new event or situation. In this paper, I examine the case of presentational ci-sentences in Italian, which have developed exactly this new function out of existential sentences. Despite being superficially similar to existential sentences, as well as to clefts, presentational ci-sentences must be kept separate from both sentence types, and must be treated as an independent construction with distinct structural and functional properties. Unlike existentials, presentational ci-sentences assert the existence of an event or situation and involve a predicational structure characterized by a CP (the relative clause) that functions as the predicate of the DP. Unlike clefts, which are typically used to mark narrow focus, presentational ci-sentences display a sentence-focus structure whereby the event is presented as all new. A contrastive analysis of presentational ci-sentences against existentials and clefts will thus allow us not only to understand the exact boundaries between these constructions, but also to identify more precisely the distinctive characteristic properties of each sentence type.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Negation Between Arabic and English with Reference to Quranic Translation

لارك ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (38) ◽  
pp. 548-535
Author(s):  
Asim Alhilali
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Negative Particle ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Modal Auxiliaries ◽  
Main Verb ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Semantic Scope

Abstract       This study is a contrastive analysis between Arabic and English in terms of the semantic scope of negation . It is aimed at showing the degrees of similarity and difference between English and Arabic regarding the meanings involved in negative ambiguous sentences and figuring out their behaviour syntactically and semantically. The behaviour of modals is non-expectable under negation , the study is , therefore; focused on investigating the scope of negation of modals . The researcher also investigates negation that exists in such syntactic aspects as adverbials, quantifiers , subordinate clauses, prepositional phrases and others as well as touching upon intonation in order to highlight the importance of reducing the degree of ambiguity involved in specific negated sentences .       Hence the study is dealing with the phenomenon as a grammatical not a phonological one. The contrastive analysis adopted in this research aims at exploring how far the two selected categories being contrasted (the scope of English and Arabic negation) are similar or different and what their points of similarity and difference are. The findings show that there are considerable number of similarities and differences in the scope of negation in English and Arabic. The findings reached show that the scope of negation in English and Arabic involves a noticeable number of similarities and differences. The results show that the two languages are different in terms of the scope of negation in modal auxiliaries for it is more obvious and can be more easily perceived in Arabic than in English. In Arabic the negative particle negates the part of the sentence that follows it while in English, it is characterized by absence of any formal way to identify whether it is the main verb or the modal auxiliary that is negated. The role played by intonation in determining the scope of negation in English and Arabic sentences is also shown by the results .

scholarly journals TRANSLATION PROCEDURES AND IDEOLOGY OF TWO DIFFERENT ENGLISH TRANSLATION VERSIONS OF SURAH AL-FATIHAH: A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS

LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Sukarno Sukarno ◽  
Risyah Adilia ◽  
Riskia Setiarini
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Grammatical Structures

English translation of the Holy Qur’an comes as solutions for Muslims and non-Muslims worldwide to be able to understand the message of the Holy Qur’an besides its authentic Arabic text. Two of the most famous versions are translated by Saheeh International SI (2004) and Abdel Haleem hereafter AH (2004). Since Arabic and English belong to different language families, the translations resulted in the variation of lexicons and grammatical structures to express the same meaning in English from the Holy Qur’an. This research attempts to reveal how lexical and grammatical differences happened in two different English translation versions of surah al-Fatihah by SI and AH. The data were analyzed using a contrastive analysis method with content analysis. The results showed that firstly, there are lexical and grammatical differences in the five ayats. Secondly, SI used procedures that are mostly oriented to the SLT such as transcription and componential analysis while AH used procedures that are mostly oriented to the TLT such as modulation and contraction. Lastly, the two translators applied different dominant ideologies on their translations. SI represents the foreignization ideology while AH represents domestication ideology. Keywords: al-Fatihah, English translation, contrastive analysis, translation procedures, translation ideology PROSEDUR PENERJEMAHAN DAN IDEOLOGI DALAM DUA VERSI  TERJEMAHAN BAHASA INGGRIS SURAT AL-FATIHAH:  SEBUAH ANALISIS KONTRASTIF AbstrakTerjemahan bahasa Inggris dari kitab suci AlQur’an adalah sebuah solusi untuk orang-orang muslim dan nonmuslim di seluruh dunia untuk dapat memahami isi dari kitab suci AlQur’an di samping teks Arab aslinya. Di antara versi terjemahan-terjemahan kitab suci AlQur’an, dua yang paling terkenal diterjemahkan oleh Saheeh International yang disingkat SI (2004) dan Abdel Haleem (2004) yang disingkat AH. Karena bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggris berasal dari keluarga bahasa yang berbeda, terdapat beberapa perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal dalam terjemahan dari kitab suci Al-Qur’an untuk menunjukkan makna yang sama di dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal terjadi pada dua versi terjemahan surah al-Fatihah oleh SI dan AH. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif dengan analisis konten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, terdapat perbedaan leksikal dan gramatikal yang dapat ditemukan di 5 ayat. Kedua, SI menggunakan prosedur yang kebanyakan berorientasi pada bahasa sumber seperti transkripsi dan analisis komponen, sedangkan AH menggunakan prosedur yang kebanyakan berorientasi pada bahasa sasaran seperti modulasi dan reduksi. Selain itu, SI cenderung menggunakan ideologi foreignisasi, sedangkan AH cenderung menggunakan ideologi domestikasi. Kata kunci: Al-Fatihah, terjemahan bahasa Inggris, analisis kontrastif, prosedur penerjemahan, ideologi penerjemahan

Psychometric Parameters of the Spanish Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS)1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Joaquin Tomás-Sabádo ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Language Equivalence

Summary: To construct a Spanish version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS), the Arabic and English versions of the KUAS have been separately translated into Spanish. To check the comparability in terms of meaning, the two Spanish preliminary translations were thoroughly scrutinized vis-à-vis both the Arabic and English forms by several experts. Bilingual subjects served to explore the cross-language equivalence of the English and Spanish versions of the KUAS. The correlation between the total scores on both versions was .93, and the t value was .30 (n.s.), denoting good similarity. The Alphas and 4-week test-retest reliabilities were greater than .84, while the criterion-related validity was .70 against scores on the trait subscale of the STAI. These findings denote good reliability and validity of the S-KUAS. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Behavioral/Subjective, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Anxiety, equivalent to the original Arabic version. Female (n = 210) undergraduates attained significantly higher mean scores than their male (n = 102) counterparts. For the combined group of males and females, the correlation between the total score on the S-KUAS and age was -.17 (p < .01). By and large, the findings of the present study provide evidence of the utility of the S-KUAS in assessing trait anxiety levels in the Spanish undergraduate context.

Emotion Nouns Pulverize Spanish Relative Clause High- Attachment Preferences

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Fraga ◽  
Ana Pineiro ◽  
Carlos Acuna ◽  
Jaime Redondo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause
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