Corrosion and Protection Measures of Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline

Design and Implementation of the Airborne Laser Effector for Autonomous Pipeline Alignment

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 1327-1332
Author(s):  
Hai Fang Liu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Shi Sheng Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Remote Detection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Modular Software ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
And Control

Abstract. High-accuracy beam pointing is one of the key problems in the airborne laser remote sensing of natural gas pipeline leak. In response to the domestic demand for the long-distance natural pipeline leak detection, this study proposes an airborne laser effector for autonomous pipeline alignment based on CH4/H2S detector. Mainly structured on 2DOF serial mechanism, the device under discussion is designed with a control system operated on IPC and PMAC, followed by the design of hierarchical modular software. Once completed, the device is placed for indoors pointing experiments as well as simulated airborne test. The results show the effector can conduct full-angle scan of the pod area, achieve a static measuring precision of less than 0.4m as an alignment point is about 100 meters from the laser and detect leakage in dynamic simulated experiment, which meets with the design requirements. In other words, both the design and control algorithm are proved to be feasible. The effector holds an important engineering value for solving the problem of remote detection of the natural gas pipeline leakage.

Optimization of Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline Design Proposals Based on Multi-Objective AHM Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 4309-4313
Author(s):  
Feng Juan Dong ◽  
Xue Fei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
New Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Delivery Pressure ◽  
Design Case ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Assessment Result

the new method-AHM, and nine parameters which included diameter, delivery pressure, pressure ratio of the first station, pressure ratios of intermediate stations, number of stations, investment costs of pipeline ,investment costs of stations, investment costs of operation ,equivalent cost, have been selected to evaluate design projects of the long distance natural gas pipeline. The results indicate that attribute AHM matches other methods well. The calculation result of the example indicates that AHM method can get a good assessment result for the multifactor and multi-hierarchy complicated problems. The study provides a new method and technique for designers to select the technical feasible and economic reasonable design case, which has some theoretical and practical value.

scholarly journals Anhydrous Cooling Mode Applied in External cooling Equipment of HVDC Converter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Yu-liang WEN ◽  
Guang-wu WANG ◽  
Zhi-min LU ◽  
Jian-ye CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
External Cooling ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
In Series ◽  
Air Cooler

Anhydrous Cooling Mode is that it consumes little water in the operation process. This paper made some investigates in the external cooling equipment which is currently applied in the HVDC converter substation. There are some anhydrous cooling modes in the HVDC converter substation. A case of anhydrous cooling mode which air cooler series with the water chiller applied in the long distance natural gas pipeline pressurization was introduced. It is recommended that the cooling system composed of air cooler in series with chilling water will be preferentially chosen as an anhydrous cooling mode applied in the HVDC converter external cooling equipment.

Research on Pricing Formulation Method for Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline Network Transporting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Minghua Zhao ◽  
Chengwen Qian ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Pricing Mechanism ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Natural Gas Industry

With the completion of the second line project of West-East Gas Transmission in 2011, the third line of West-East Gas Transmission will be started soon and the fourth line and the fifth line will be started in recent five years. China will form one of the largest natural gas pipeline network in the world. The gas supply mode will be changed from single gas source and single-pipeline supply to multi-source and multi-pipeline supply through regulation and coordination, which will impact on existing pricing mechanism and operation mode of Chinese natural gas industry violently. Depending on the development trend of natural gas pipeline network, the regionalization management mode of natural gas pipeline will be implemented gradually. Chinese natural gas industry also needs to develop a new-type market-oriented operation mode with clear interfaces between production, transportation, distribution and customers so as to facilitate the optimal allocation of resources. By the customized scientific research of CNPC (China National Petroleum Corporation), combining with existing pricing mechanism of natural gas pipeline and economic characteristics of long-distance natural gas pipeline transportation in China, the paper studied the pricing mechanism problem of combined transportation of multi-source and mutli-pipeline gas supply in the regionalization management mechanism, presented the idea of pricing formulation method of two kinds of pipeline network transportation based on standard rates of pipeline transportation and service cost rules, formed pricing formulation system of natural gas pipeline transportation, introduced the design idea, structural construction, distribution method and key points of natural gas pipeline transportation in details, and demonstrated the methods by example calculation. The methods presented in the paper can meet the pricing requirements of natural gas pipeline network transportation, remedy the defect in existing price accounting mechanism, solve the problem that the income and expenses among different interest bodies are not balanced, and facilitate the rapid development of natural gas pipeline business.

Design of Parallel Pipelines in Second West-East Natural Gas Pipeline Project

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Shi ◽  
Wen Wu ◽  
Wenwei Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Yu ◽  
Liuqun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Design Guideline ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Trunk Line ◽  
The Impact

The Second West-East Gas Pipeline (2nd WEP) Project, consisting of one trunk line and eight branches, has a total length of 8,704 km and a designed annual transportation capacity of 30 billion cubic meters. The outside diameter of trunk line is 1,219 mm (48″). According to the plan, 2nd WEP will parallel with several existing or planning pipelines in long distance, some will even be located in rocky area. However, there are neither requirements of separation distance nor other related provisions of parallel pipelines in current domestic regulation and codes in China. It is an urgent critical problem to reasonably design, construct and operate multiple pipelines in same corridor. In order to design 2nd WEP in parallel with other existing and planning pipelines, a series of technical studies were carried out. This paper describes the main work. First of all is the literature review, including regulation, standards, codes etc. and similar work on parallel pipelines and applicable practices in other countries. Second, for the primary concern-separation distance, the main factors are considered. Then, the computational results of some 2nd WEP paralleling with other pipelines based on the impact of the failure of natural gas pipeline to adjacent pipelines are introduced. Third, the experiments and some related researches in rocky areas where 2nd WEP parallels with existing pipelines are introduced. Forth, analysis of Direct Current (DC) stray current interference resulted from Cathodic Protection (CP) Systems located along each parallel pipeline is briefly introduced. Then is the mitigation and monitoring requirements for unbounded (separate) CP system. According to the works above together with engineering practices as well as experiences, the design guideline of parallel pipelines is established. When 2nd WEP parallels with other pipelines not locating in rocky areas, the reasonable separation distance is based on integrated considerations of adjacent pipeline’s survival in the event of failure of gas transmission pipeline, easiness to construct, less CP interferences, adequate space requirements for maintenance and repair. For other paralleling cases, engineering requirements are established separately. This guideline has been applied in design of parallel pipelines and provides management requirements for future operation in 2nd WEP project.

The Dynamic Simulation of a Long Distance Natural Gas Pipeline

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1244-1248
Author(s):  
Shan Bi Peng ◽  
En Bin Liu ◽  
Xiao Chun Du ◽  
Rong Lin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Condition Change ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
The One

With the growth of the natural gas market, the long distance natural gas pipeline system is getting more and more important in nowadays. As a united and enclosed hydraulic system, the operation conditions of the whole line will be changed by the influence of the condition change in one station. On the one hand, the condition change made people analyze operation scheme more difficult, on the other hand, pipeline system operating conditions directly affect the relationship between the production and the sales of natural gas. Therefore, the operation of the gas pipeline must be optimized, which brings huge economic and social benefits. This paper constructed a simulation model of a long distance natural gas pipeline by TG.net, and then analyzed the change of the operating condition of the pipeline after a compressor station shut down, found out the regularity.

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