scholarly journals Freud's Encounter with Charcot and His Epistemological Break

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunus Anıl YILMAZ
Keyword(s):  
Epistemological Break

scholarly journals The emergence of modern therapeutic similarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Silvia Waisse Priven
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
Counter Irritation

One of the roots of modern therapeutic similarity might be retraced to the work of Samuel Hahnemann at the end of the 18th century. His particular formulation arose from an original synthesis of traditional therapeutic similarity, dating from classic Antiquity and mantained as an undercurrent in medical thinking, and contemporary theories, particularly counter-irritation (antagonistic fever) theory. Against historical readings asserting that modern therapeutic similarity is either a mere a continuation of the ancient, or a historical orphan, it is possible to verify that Hahnemann’s work belonged within the specific framework of 18th medical science. The formulation of modern therapeutic similarity is best described as a process combining both continuity and epistemological break. Keywords: History of Medicine; 18th century; Pharmacology; Peruvian bark; Modern therapeutic similarity.   O surgimento da semelhança terapéutica moderna Resumo Uma das raízes da semelhança terapéutica moderna pode ser localizada na obra de Samuel Hahnemann, no final do século XVIII. Sua formulação particular surgiu da síntese original da semelhança terapéutica tradicional, procedente da Antigüidade clássica e conservada subterraneamente no pensamento médico, com teorias contemporâneas, especialmente a teoria da contra-irritação (febre antagonista). Por oposição a leituras históricas que afirmam que semelhança terapéutica moderna é uma mera continuação da antiga ou, alternativamente, um ófão histórico, pode-se constatar que a obra de Hahnemann corresponde ao marco específico da ciéncia médico do século XVIII. A formulação da semelhança terapéutica parece ser melhor compreendida como um processo que combina continuidade e ruptura epistemológicas. Palavras-chave: História da Medicina; século 18; Farmacologia; semelhança terapéutica moderna.   El surgimiento de la similaridad terapéutica moderna Resumen Una de las raíces de la similaridad terapéutica moderna puede ser localizada en la obra de Samuel Hahnemann al final del siglo XVIII. Su formulación particular surgió de la síntesis original de la similaridad terapéutica tradicional, procedente de la Antigüedad clásica y conservada subterráneamente en el pensamiento médico, con teorías contemporáceas, especialmente la de la contrairritación (fiebre antagonista). En oposición a lecturas históricas que afirman que la similaridad terapéutica moderna es una mera continuación de la antigua o un huérfano histórico, se puede constatar que la obra de Hahnemann corresponde al marco específico de la ciencia médica del siglo XVIII. La formulación de la similaridad terapéutica moderna parece ser mejor comprendida como um processo que combina continuidad y ruptura epistemológicas. Palabras-clave: Historia de la Medicina; siglo 18; Farmacología; similitud terapéutica moderna.   Correspondence author: Silvia Waisse Priven, [email protected] ; http://www.pucsp.br/pos/cesima How to cite this article: Waisse Priven S. The emergence of modern therapeutic similarity. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited DD Mmm YYYY]; 7(22): 22-30. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/252/335.  

Early British Rule and Social Classification in Lanka

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN D. ROGERS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
Colonial Modernity ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
British Rule ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Social Classification ◽  
Epistemological Break

Recent scholarship has put forward two distinct interpretations of the origins of modern national and communal identity in South Asia. One sees colonial modernity as a radical epistemological break and judges the content of pre-colonial pasts irrelevant for understanding modern politics. According to this view, modern identities are responses to colonial constructions of Asian ‘tradition’. The other approach sees continuities between the late pre-colonial and early colonial periods. For these writers, the origins of modern national and communal identities lie not only in colonial interventions, but also in non-colonial eighteenth-century social formations and in early colonial interaction between the British and South Asians.

How to understand engineering sciences with the techniques of the body: The case of the bridges collection of the Musée des Arts et Métiers explained by circus acrobatics

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Arnaud Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Techniques ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
New Research

In this article, I will examine an experimental mediation performed by acrobats at the Paris Musée des Arts et Métiers in May 2016. I will ask if body techniques can facilitate the public’s understanding of the abstract engineering sciences exhibited in a science and technology museum. Using the ethnographic study of this performance, I will ask if this new type of museum mediation opens up new research issues about technical gestures and helps us to blur boundaries between tangible and intangible heritage in the museum context. In doing so I try to redeploy the methods of analysis of museum collections and to contribute to the theoretical and methodological renewal of the history of technology. I show that this new way to mediate science and technology museum collections using body techniques and gestures produces a methodological indistinctness between intentionality and contingency that often marks the epistemological break between art, technology and science in western culture. This anthropological way of looking at museums of science and technology opens up new research issues not only for the museum’s scientific and technical heritage but also for the history of science and techniques.

scholarly journals Las prácticas políticas de los jóvenes mapuche en Santiago entre 1998 y 2011

2016 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Felipe Curin Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

ResumenDesde el primer asentamiento mapuche en la capital de Chile, hacia los años30 y 40 del siglo XX, se tienen registros y testimonios de las experienciasde asociatividad mapuche con fines políticos, sea en partidos políticos,sindicatos y organizaciones populares. Con la dictadura toda forma deorganización oficial es prohibida y hacia finales de los 80 y principios de los90 surgen, en Santiago de Chile, organizaciones autónomas e independientesdel Estado, que tienen como consigna la autonomía y la autodeterminaciónmapuche. De ahí en adelante surgen variadas experiencias de asociatividadmapuche en la ciudad y muchas de estas experiencias reivindican lahistoricidad de migración forzada como configuración de un actor político,y la posibilidad de nuevas identidades mapuche en la ciudad como unaposición política. Las nuevas generaciones de mapuche nacidos y criados enSantiago aprehenden y asumen su historia como un quiebre epistemológicoen sus vidas, provocando un fenómeno de mapuchización, que refiere a laaprehensión política de su identidad e historia familiar, expresada en lasmúltiples prácticas individuales y colectivas a las que se les atribuye unsentido estrictamente político.Palabras clave: diáspora mapuche, mapuchización, jóvenes mapuche,mapuchismo.Political practices of young mapuche in Santiagobetween 1998 and 2011AbstractSince the first Mapuche settlement in the Chilean capital, by the years 30sand 40s of the Twentieth Century, there are records and testimonies ofexperiences of Mapuche partnerships for political purposes, whether inpolitical parties, trade unions or popular organizations. The dictatorshipprohibited any form of official organization and in the late 80s and early90s, autonomous and independent state organizations emerge in Santiago,advancing Mapuche autonomy and self-determination. Thereafter, varied experiences of Mapuche partnerships emerged in the city; many of themdefend the historicity of forced migration as a political actor, and thepossibility of new Mapuche identities as a political position in the city. Thenew generations of Mapuche – born and raised in Santiago – apprehend andassume their history as an epistemological break in their lives, causing aphenomenon called mapuchizacion, which refers to the political apprehensionof their identity and family history, expressed in the many individual andcollective practices with a strictly political sense.Keywords: Mapuche diaspora, mapuchización, young Mapuche,mapuchismo.As práticas políticas dos jovens mapuche emSantiago entre 1998 e 2011ResumoA partir do primeiro assentamento Mapuche na capital do Chile, entre osanos 30 e 40 anos do século XX, há registros e testemunhos das experiênciasde associatividade Mapuche para fins políticos, seja nos partidos políticos,sindicatos e organizações populares. Com a ditadura toda forma deorganização oficial é proibida e no final dos anos 80 e início dos anos 90emergem em Santiago de Chile, organizações autônomas e independentesdo Estado, que tiveram como consigna a autonomia e autodeterminaçãoMapuche. Em diante, surgiram diversas experiências de associatividadeMapuche na cidade e muitas destas experiências reivindicam a historicidadeda migração forçada como configuração de um ator político, e a possibilidadede novas identidades Mapuches na cidade como uma posição política. Asnovas gerações de Mapuches nascidos e criados em Santiago apreendeme assumem sua história como uma ruptura epistemológica em suas vidas,provocando um fenômeno de mapuchización, que se refere à apreensãopolítica da sua identidade e história da família, expressada nas diversaspráticas individuais e coletivas as que possuem um sentido estritamentepolítico.Palavras-chave: diáspora Mapuche, mapuchización, jovem mapuche,mapuchismo

scholarly journals Byzantinism and Rationality: Julien Benda and Constantine Tsatsos

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-446
Author(s):  
George Arabatzis
Keyword(s):  
Emmanuel Levinas ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Greek Philosopher ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Epistemological Break

This article examines the concept of Byzantinism that Julien Benda employed in his book La France Byzantine. In the fin-de-siècle European sensibility, Byzantinism was transferred from political to literary level, but Benda created an epistemological break when he asserted in his book that Byzantinism is literature in its normal function. Furthermore, of Byzantinist character is especially the modern literature (e.g. Valéry or Mallarmé). Thus, labeling modern literati as Byzantinist writers served as a critical tool for Benda, who condemned the degradation of modern intellectuals into clerks. This transformation of literary normality affected also pure thought as is manifested in the ambiguous manner of expressing their ideas by modern thinkers (this being a mixture of idealism and apocryphal thinking, which renders ideas rather abstractions than instruments of rationality). An example of such a Byzantinist use can be found in the manner Emmanuel Levinas exploited Husserl’s phenomenology. Finally, Benda engaged in a discussion with Paulhan’s view that literary philosophy is a form of critical terror. The position of Benda is that of a rationalist, whereas Paulhan is a thinker who focuses on the use of language. For Constantine Tsatsos (1899–1987), on the other hand, a Greek philosopher and author of a philosophical novel entitled Dialogues in a Monastery (1974), the Byzantine moment is a part of great continuity of Greek culture, which is characterized by various structures in its period of long duration. One of these is the synthesis of Hellenism and Christianity that can be seen in Byzantium, where the transposition of the philosophical (Platonic) Eros to the mystical one plays a major role. This development is of paramount importance not only for the whole European culture but also for all questions of beauty and morality. The present paper concludes with a brief discussion of Richard Rorty’s account of pragmatic reason, which makes it possible to show how contemporary philosophy can be placed in the context of the debate about Byzantinism.

scholarly journals Las prácticas políticas de los jóvenes mapuche en Santiago entre 1998 y 2011

2016 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Felipe Curin Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

ResumenDesde el primer asentamiento mapuche en la capital de Chile, hacia los años30 y 40 del siglo XX, se tienen registros y testimonios de las experienciasde asociatividad mapuche con fines políticos, sea en partidos políticos,sindicatos y organizaciones populares. Con la dictadura toda forma deorganización oficial es prohibida y hacia finales de los 80 y principios de los90 surgen, en Santiago de Chile, organizaciones autónomas e independientesdel Estado, que tienen como consigna la autonomía y la autodeterminaciónmapuche. De ahí en adelante surgen variadas experiencias de asociatividadmapuche en la ciudad y muchas de estas experiencias reivindican lahistoricidad de migración forzada como configuración de un actor político,y la posibilidad de nuevas identidades mapuche en la ciudad como unaposición política. Las nuevas generaciones de mapuche nacidos y criados enSantiago aprehenden y asumen su historia como un quiebre epistemológicoen sus vidas, provocando un fenómeno de mapuchización, que refiere a laaprehensión política de su identidad e historia familiar, expresada en lasmúltiples prácticas individuales y colectivas a las que se les atribuye unsentido estrictamente político.Palabras clave: diáspora mapuche, mapuchización, jóvenes mapuche,mapuchismo.Political practices of young mapuche in Santiagobetween 1998 and 2011AbstractSince the first Mapuche settlement in the Chilean capital, by the years 30sand 40s of the Twentieth Century, there are records and testimonies ofexperiences of Mapuche partnerships for political purposes, whether inpolitical parties, trade unions or popular organizations. The dictatorshipprohibited any form of official organization and in the late 80s and early90s, autonomous and independent state organizations emerge in Santiago,advancing Mapuche autonomy and self-determination. Thereafter, varied experiences of Mapuche partnerships emerged in the city; many of themdefend the historicity of forced migration as a political actor, and thepossibility of new Mapuche identities as a political position in the city. Thenew generations of Mapuche – born and raised in Santiago – apprehend andassume their history as an epistemological break in their lives, causing aphenomenon called mapuchizacion, which refers to the political apprehensionof their identity and family history, expressed in the many individual andcollective practices with a strictly political sense.Keywords: Mapuche diaspora, mapuchización, young Mapuche,mapuchismo.As práticas políticas dos jovens mapuche emSantiago entre 1998 e 2011ResumoA partir do primeiro assentamento Mapuche na capital do Chile, entre osanos 30 e 40 anos do século XX, há registros e testemunhos das experiênciasde associatividade Mapuche para fins políticos, seja nos partidos políticos,sindicatos e organizações populares. Com a ditadura toda forma deorganização oficial é proibida e no final dos anos 80 e início dos anos 90emergem em Santiago de Chile, organizações autônomas e independentesdo Estado, que tiveram como consigna a autonomia e autodeterminaçãoMapuche. Em diante, surgiram diversas experiências de associatividadeMapuche na cidade e muitas destas experiências reivindicam a historicidadeda migração forçada como configuração de um ator político, e a possibilidadede novas identidades Mapuches na cidade como uma posição política. Asnovas gerações de Mapuches nascidos e criados em Santiago apreendeme assumem sua história como uma ruptura epistemológica em suas vidas,provocando um fenômeno de mapuchización, que se refere à apreensãopolítica da sua identidade e história da família, expressada nas diversaspráticas individuais e coletivas as que possuem um sentido estritamentepolítico.Palavras-chave: diáspora Mapuche, mapuchización, jovem mapuche,mapuchismo

Reflections on an academic life

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862110462
Author(s):  
David Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Economic Liberalism ◽  
Personal Politics ◽  
Positivist Science ◽  
Epistemological Break ◽  
Intellectual Journey

David Harvey traces his intellectual journey reflecting on what he calls “the central animating theme of his thinking” starting from his days as a positivist geographer and the publication of Explanation. Harvey clarifies that his transition from Explanations to Social Justice, which has often been touted as a radical-epistemological break in his work should actually be seen as a complimentary productive tension. In making this transition, Harvey decided to reject the scientific orthodoxy of positivist science and instead, use dialectics derived from Marx as alternative mode of scientific inquiry. Harvey narrates his Baltimore experience of combatting local racial discrimination as formative in his understandings of the motions of capital and dynamics of uneven development thus imbricating personal politics and Marx's theory of capitalism in his work ever after. Harvey also recalls how teaching of Capital furthered his exploration of the urban condition and accumulation of capital, ultimately leading to the concept of “spatial fix.” Conditions of Postmodernity contends Harvey, taught him the importance of gender and feminist perspective and Justice, Nature written under extreme physical, professional, intellectual duress was intended to bring the “metabolic relation to nature” at the forefront. Economic liberalism propelled Harvey to introspect on his many volumes on the global neoliberal conditions, which he argues is now imbricated with issues of identity and intersectionality involving Black Lives and Me too. Harvey concludes that his intellectual journey has been a preoccupation to understand “contradictory unity between social relations in constant transformation” through Marx's power of abstraction to imagine an “anti-capitalist” future.

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