scholarly journals Las prácticas políticas de los jóvenes mapuche en Santiago entre 1998 y 2011

2016 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Felipe Curin Gutiérrez

ResumenDesde el primer asentamiento mapuche en la capital de Chile, hacia los años30 y 40 del siglo XX, se tienen registros y testimonios de las experienciasde asociatividad mapuche con fines políticos, sea en partidos políticos,sindicatos y organizaciones populares. Con la dictadura toda forma deorganización oficial es prohibida y hacia finales de los 80 y principios de los90 surgen, en Santiago de Chile, organizaciones autónomas e independientesdel Estado, que tienen como consigna la autonomía y la autodeterminaciónmapuche. De ahí en adelante surgen variadas experiencias de asociatividadmapuche en la ciudad y muchas de estas experiencias reivindican lahistoricidad de migración forzada como configuración de un actor político,y la posibilidad de nuevas identidades mapuche en la ciudad como unaposición política. Las nuevas generaciones de mapuche nacidos y criados enSantiago aprehenden y asumen su historia como un quiebre epistemológicoen sus vidas, provocando un fenómeno de mapuchización, que refiere a laaprehensión política de su identidad e historia familiar, expresada en lasmúltiples prácticas individuales y colectivas a las que se les atribuye unsentido estrictamente político.Palabras clave: diáspora mapuche, mapuchización, jóvenes mapuche,mapuchismo.Political practices of young mapuche in Santiagobetween 1998 and 2011AbstractSince the first Mapuche settlement in the Chilean capital, by the years 30sand 40s of the Twentieth Century, there are records and testimonies ofexperiences of Mapuche partnerships for political purposes, whether inpolitical parties, trade unions or popular organizations. The dictatorshipprohibited any form of official organization and in the late 80s and early90s, autonomous and independent state organizations emerge in Santiago,advancing Mapuche autonomy and self-determination. Thereafter, varied experiences of Mapuche partnerships emerged in the city; many of themdefend the historicity of forced migration as a political actor, and thepossibility of new Mapuche identities as a political position in the city. Thenew generations of Mapuche – born and raised in Santiago – apprehend andassume their history as an epistemological break in their lives, causing aphenomenon called mapuchizacion, which refers to the political apprehensionof their identity and family history, expressed in the many individual andcollective practices with a strictly political sense.Keywords: Mapuche diaspora, mapuchización, young Mapuche,mapuchismo.As práticas políticas dos jovens mapuche emSantiago entre 1998 e 2011ResumoA partir do primeiro assentamento Mapuche na capital do Chile, entre osanos 30 e 40 anos do século XX, há registros e testemunhos das experiênciasde associatividade Mapuche para fins políticos, seja nos partidos políticos,sindicatos e organizações populares. Com a ditadura toda forma deorganização oficial é proibida e no final dos anos 80 e início dos anos 90emergem em Santiago de Chile, organizações autônomas e independentesdo Estado, que tiveram como consigna a autonomia e autodeterminaçãoMapuche. Em diante, surgiram diversas experiências de associatividadeMapuche na cidade e muitas destas experiências reivindicam a historicidadeda migração forçada como configuração de um ator político, e a possibilidadede novas identidades Mapuches na cidade como uma posição política. Asnovas gerações de Mapuches nascidos e criados em Santiago apreendeme assumem sua história como uma ruptura epistemológica em suas vidas,provocando um fenômeno de mapuchización, que se refere à apreensãopolítica da sua identidade e história da família, expressada nas diversaspráticas individuais e coletivas as que possuem um sentido estritamentepolítico.Palavras-chave: diáspora Mapuche, mapuchización, jovem mapuche,mapuchismo

2016 ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Felipe Curin Gutiérrez

ResumenDesde el primer asentamiento mapuche en la capital de Chile, hacia los años30 y 40 del siglo XX, se tienen registros y testimonios de las experienciasde asociatividad mapuche con fines políticos, sea en partidos políticos,sindicatos y organizaciones populares. Con la dictadura toda forma deorganización oficial es prohibida y hacia finales de los 80 y principios de los90 surgen, en Santiago de Chile, organizaciones autónomas e independientesdel Estado, que tienen como consigna la autonomía y la autodeterminaciónmapuche. De ahí en adelante surgen variadas experiencias de asociatividadmapuche en la ciudad y muchas de estas experiencias reivindican lahistoricidad de migración forzada como configuración de un actor político,y la posibilidad de nuevas identidades mapuche en la ciudad como unaposición política. Las nuevas generaciones de mapuche nacidos y criados enSantiago aprehenden y asumen su historia como un quiebre epistemológicoen sus vidas, provocando un fenómeno de mapuchización, que refiere a laaprehensión política de su identidad e historia familiar, expresada en lasmúltiples prácticas individuales y colectivas a las que se les atribuye unsentido estrictamente político.Palabras clave: diáspora mapuche, mapuchización, jóvenes mapuche,mapuchismo.Political practices of young mapuche in Santiagobetween 1998 and 2011AbstractSince the first Mapuche settlement in the Chilean capital, by the years 30sand 40s of the Twentieth Century, there are records and testimonies ofexperiences of Mapuche partnerships for political purposes, whether inpolitical parties, trade unions or popular organizations. The dictatorshipprohibited any form of official organization and in the late 80s and early90s, autonomous and independent state organizations emerge in Santiago,advancing Mapuche autonomy and self-determination. Thereafter, varied experiences of Mapuche partnerships emerged in the city; many of themdefend the historicity of forced migration as a political actor, and thepossibility of new Mapuche identities as a political position in the city. Thenew generations of Mapuche – born and raised in Santiago – apprehend andassume their history as an epistemological break in their lives, causing aphenomenon called mapuchizacion, which refers to the political apprehensionof their identity and family history, expressed in the many individual andcollective practices with a strictly political sense.Keywords: Mapuche diaspora, mapuchización, young Mapuche,mapuchismo.As práticas políticas dos jovens mapuche emSantiago entre 1998 e 2011ResumoA partir do primeiro assentamento Mapuche na capital do Chile, entre osanos 30 e 40 anos do século XX, há registros e testemunhos das experiênciasde associatividade Mapuche para fins políticos, seja nos partidos políticos,sindicatos e organizações populares. Com a ditadura toda forma deorganização oficial é proibida e no final dos anos 80 e início dos anos 90emergem em Santiago de Chile, organizações autônomas e independentesdo Estado, que tiveram como consigna a autonomia e autodeterminaçãoMapuche. Em diante, surgiram diversas experiências de associatividadeMapuche na cidade e muitas destas experiências reivindicam a historicidadeda migração forçada como configuração de um ator político, e a possibilidadede novas identidades Mapuches na cidade como uma posição política. Asnovas gerações de Mapuches nascidos e criados em Santiago apreendeme assumem sua história como uma ruptura epistemológica em suas vidas,provocando um fenômeno de mapuchización, que se refere à apreensãopolítica da sua identidade e história da família, expressada nas diversaspráticas individuais e coletivas as que possuem um sentido estritamentepolítico.Palavras-chave: diáspora Mapuche, mapuchización, jovem mapuche,mapuchismo


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwi Musa Muzaiyin

Trade is a form of business that is run by many people around the world, ranging from trading various kinds of daily necessities or primary needs, to selling the need for luxury goods for human satisfaction. For that, to overcome the many needs of life, they try to outsmart them buy products that are useful, economical and efficient. One of the markets they aim at is the second-hand market or the so-called trashy market. As for a trader at a trashy market, they aim to sell in the used goods market with a variety of reasons. These reasons include; first, because it is indeed to fulfill their needs. Second, the capital needed to trade at trashy markets is much smaller than opening a business where the products come from new goods. Third, used goods are easily available and easily sold to buyer. Here the researcher will discuss the behavior of Muslim traders in a review of Islamic business ethics (the case in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market). Kediri Jagalan Trashy Market is central to the sale of used goods in the city of Kediri. Where every day there are more than 300 used merchants who trade in the market. The focus of this research is how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in general. Then, from the large number of traders, of course not all traders have behavior in accordance with Islamic business ethics, as well as traders who are in accordance with the rules of Islamic business ethics. This study aims to determine how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in buying and selling transactions and to find out how the behavior of Muslim traders in the Jagalan Kediri Trashy Market in reviewing Islamic business ethics. Key Words: Trade, loak market, Islamic business


Author(s):  
Enrique González González

Después de un breve repaso de las condiciones en que surgen las universidades modernas en España, se analiza cómo se introdujo y consolidó en América una institución de carácter tan europeo como la universidad; algunas causas que explican la distribución geográfica de las instituciones americanas y su surgimiento a lo largo de tres amplios periodos, del siglo XVI al XVIII. A partir de 1538, durante los tres siglos de dominio español en el Nuevo Mundo, más de 30 instituciones se dieron el título de universidad, en unas 15 ciudades ubicadas desde Guadalajara, en México, hasta Santiago de Chile, pasando por Santo Domingo, La Habana y Filipinas. En cambio, en los enclaves portugueses del actual Brasil no hubo universidad sino hasta el siglo XX, y en las colonias atlánticas del norte se erigieron diversos colleges a partir del de Harvard (1634), pero se aplicaron el título de universidad hasta fines del siglo XIX.


Author(s):  
Alexandra Wilson

La bohème is one of the most frequently performed operas in the world. But how did it come to be so adored? Drawing on an extremely broad range of sources, Alexandra Wilson traces the opera’s rise to global fame. Although the work has been subjected to many hostile critiques, it swiftly achieved popular success through stage performances, recordings, and filmed versions. Wilson demonstrates how La bohème acquired even greater cultural influence as its music and dramatic themes began to be incorporated into pop songs, film soundtracks, musicals, and more. In this cultural history of Puccini’s opera, Wilson offers a fresh reading of a familiar work. La bohème was strikingly modern for the 1890s, she argues, in its approach to musical and dramatic realism and in flouting many of the conventions of the Italian operatic tradition. Considering the work within the context of the aesthetic, social, and political debates of its time, Wilson explores Puccini’s treatment of themes including gender, poverty, and nostalgia. She pays particular attention to La bohème’s representation of Paris, arguing that the opera was not only influenced by romantic mythologies surrounding the city but also helped shape them. Wilson concludes with a consideration of the many and varied approaches directors have taken to the staging of Puccini’s opera, including some that have reinvented the opera for a new age. This book is essential reading for anyone who has seen La bohème and wants to know more about its music, drama, and cultural contexts.


2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Dijana Alic

On 6 april 1992, the european union (eu) recognised bosnia and hercegovina as a new independent state, no longer a part of the socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia. The event marked the start of the siege of sarajevo, which lasted nearly four years, until late february 1996. It became the longest siege in the history of modern warfare, outlasting the leningrad enclosure by a year. During its 1425 days, more than 11,500 people were killed. The attacks left a trail of destruction across the city, which began to transform it in ways not experienced before. This paper explores how the physical transformation of sarajevo affected the ways in which meaning and significance were assigned to its built fabric. I argue that the changes imposed by war and the daily destruction of the city challenged long-established relationships between the built fabric and those who inhabited the city, introducing new modes of thinking and interpreting the city. Loosely placing the discussion within the framework of ‘Thirdspace', established by urban theorist and cultural geographer edward soja, i discuss the relationship that emerged between the historicality, sociality and spatiality of war-torn sarajevo. Whether responding to the impacts of physical destruction or dramatic social change, the nexus of time, space and being shows that the concept of spatiality is essential to comprehending the world and to adjusting to and resisting the impact of extraordinary circumstances. Recognising the continuation of daily life as essential to survival sheds light on processes of renewal and change in a war-affected landscape. These shattered urban spaces also show the ways in which people make a sense of place in relation to specific socio-historical environments and political contexts.


2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willemien Van Niekerk

It is highly likely that hazards and extreme climatic events will occur more frequently in the future and will become more severe – increasing the vulnerability and risk of millions of poor urbanites in developing countries. Disaster resilience aims to reduce disaster losses by equipping cities to withstand, absorb, adapt to or recover from external shocks. This paper questions whether disaster resilience is likely to be taken up in spatial planning practices in South Africa, given its immediate developmental priorities and challenges. In South Africa, issues of development take precedence over issues of sustainability, environmental management and disaster reduction. This is illustrated by the priority given to ‘servicing’ settlements compared to the opportunities offered by ‘transforming’ spaces through post-apartheid spatial planning. The City of Durban’s quest in adapting to climate change demonstrates hypothetically that if disaster resilience were to be presented as an issue distinct from what urban planners are already doing, then planners would see it as insignificant as compared to addressing the many developmental backlogs and challenges. If, however, it is regarded as a means to secure a city’s development path whilst simultaneously addressing sustainability, then disaster resilience is more likely to be translated into spatial planning practices in South Africa.


Author(s):  
Brian Doucet

In this concluding chapter, the main strands of through within the book are brought together. The main narrative of Detroit as a symbol of urban failure is briefly discussed before shifting to a critical assessment of the city’s emerging narrative: that of comeback and renaissance. Both these one-dimensional narratives are treated as problematic and critiqued by using relevant chapters from the book. Two main policy and political insights are highlighted. The first is that much of Detroit’s decline has been a factor produced outside its boundaries so its solutions need to be thought of at these geographic scales. The second relates to working towards including different voices and perspectives about the future of the city and rethinking how power relations can give marginal groups real input into the systems which shape their lives. The many interviews and perspectives in this book provide pathways towards inclusive, fair and just cities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Zinkernagel ◽  
James Evans ◽  
Lena Neij

With growing urbanisation the sustainability of cities has become increasingly important. Although cities have been using indicators for a long time it is only in the last decades that attempts have been made to collate indicators into sets that reflect the many different aspects required to assess the sustainability of a city. The aim of this paper is to review the evolution of indicators for monitoring sustainable urban development in order to understand how ‘new’ the indicators suggested by the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are for cities and the challenges they may face in using them. The review reveals that previous indicator sets emphasised environmental sustainability, health and economic growth. It is also shown that indicator sets that pre-date the SDGs lacked dimensions such as gender equality and reduced inequalities. In all, the SDG indicators provide the possibility of a more balanced and integrated approach to urban sustainability monitoring. At the same time, further research is needed to understand how to adapt the SDGs, targets and indicators to specific urban contexts. Challenges of local application include their large number, their generic characteristics and the need to complement them with specific indicators that are more relevant at the city level.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Maxfield Waldman Sherouse

In recent years, cars have steadily colonized the sidewalks in downtown Tbilisi. By driving and parking on sidewalks, vehicles have reshaped public space and placed pedestrian life at risk. A variety of social actors coordinate sidewalk affairs in the city, including the local government, a private company called CT Park, and a fleet of self-appointed st’aianshik’ebi (parking attendants) who direct drivers into parking spots for spare change. Pedestrian activists have challenged the automotive conquest of footpaths in innovative ways, including art installations, social media protests, and the fashioning of ad hoc physical barriers. By safeguarding sidewalks against cars, activists assert ideals for public space that are predicated on sharp boundaries between sidewalk and street, pedestrian and machine, citizen and commodity. Politicians and activists alike connect the sharpness of such boundaries to an imagined Europe. Georgia’s parking culture thus reflects not only local configurations of power among the many interests clamoring for the space of the sidewalk, but also global hierarchies of value that form meaningful distinctions and aspirational horizons in debates over urban public space. Against the dismal frictions of an expanding car system, social actors mobilize the idioms of freedom and shame to reinterpret and repartition the public/private distinction.


1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-10
Author(s):  
Rosalind Cottrell

When I was growing up in the 1950s in one of the poorest neighborhoods in the urban Delta, the closest I came to an anthropologist was the man who dug the dump site near our home looking for old scrap iron to sell. Certainly there was no expectation for me to become an anthropologist from my grandmother, the matriarch of our family. However, she had moved to the city after the death of her husband with expectations of a better life for her four girls. Stressing education as "the way out," she told stories about her slave uncle who recognized the value of education and learned to read from two young girls he drove to school. In turn, he taught this daily lesson to his family around the fire each night. The many evenings sitting on our front porch, and on the front porch of neighbors, watching and listening to grandma's stories and the stories of others, set a foundation for anthropology in my life and led to my becoming a medical anthropologist.


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