scholarly journals Umacnianie własności państwowej jako przesłanka ustrojowa zaopatrzenia emerytalnego w rolnictwie – doświadczenia historyczne PRL Strengthening state property as a systemic premise for retirement pension benefits in agriculture – historical experiences of the People’s Republic of Poland

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-114
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Pension Benefits

Autorka omawia rozwój systemu ubezpieczeń społecznych rolników indywidualnych. W pierwszej kolejności analizuje ustawy przyznające świadczenia rolnikom: z 1962, 1968, oraz 1974 roku. Skumulowanie trzech aktów normatywnych nie jest przypadkowe. To na ich podstawie przez szereg lat rolnicy – aby otrzymać świadczenie emerytalne – musieli rezygnować z prawa własności, tj. własności gospodarstwa rolnego. Warto odnotować, że głównym celem ww. ustaw nie było zapewnienie ochrony socjalnej mieszkańcom wsi, ale intensyfikacja przemian strukturalnych w rolnictwie i zmierzanie do wzmocnienia sektora uspołecznionego.

Avarice and Ambition in Congress: Representatives' Decisions to Run or Retire from the U.S. House

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Hall ◽  
Robert P. Van Houweling
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Career Decisions ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Financial Factor ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The U.S

Over two centuries ago, Adam Smith wrote of two passions that motivate those seeking public distinction: avarice and ambition. By investing these categories with appropriately concrete meaning, we develop a model of House members' career decisions. Like other individuals contemplating retirement options, politicians act with an eye to their financial interests, but not all financial interests are alike. The financial factor that matters most involves perennial considerations of post-retirement pension benefits, not fleeting opportunities to exploit ethically questionable sources of outside income. Second, we embed in the model a theory of intra-institutional ambition. Members impute value both to leadership positions they expect to retain and positions they expect to obtain. Majority members well-positioned to exert future legislative leverage are less likely to retire. Finally, several sources of electoral insecurity increase retirement probability. In the main, members may be reelection-seekers but will not pay any price to seek something they may not find.

Was sind die richtigen Rentenabschläge? – neue Perspektiven

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gasche
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Relevant Alternative ◽  
Adjustment Factor ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Implicit Taxation ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Continue Work

SummaryThe correct adjustment of pension benefits when postponing retirement is calculated by three „income-oriented“ approaches: the incentive-neutral approach, the budget-neutral approach and as an innovation the return-neutral approach. It turns out, that the three approaches differ just in their underlying discount rate but not in their method of calculation. In addition it can be shown, that the incentive-neutral approach leads to incentive neutrality when the implicit taxation of contributions is equal to the implicit taxation of the early retirement pension. The correct adjustment factors were also calculated for those cases, where the relevant alternative for early retirement is unemployment or not to continue work.As an alternative to the income-oriented approaches the utility-based approach is presented. In this case the results strongly depend on the underlying utility function and the parametric values. Overall, the statutory adjustment factor of 3,6 % per year tends to be too low applying the income-oriented approaches. Using the utility-based approach, the calculated adjustment rates can be seen as too high or too low, depending on the assumptions on the utility function and the parameter constellation.

Overview of recent cases before the Court of Justice of the European Union (October 2019-January 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Pauline Melin
Keyword(s):  
Early Retirement ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Retroactive Effect ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Pension Benefits

During the period of reporting (1 October 2019-31 January 2020), six judgments are worth noting in the area of EU social security law. In Safeway, the Court had to decide whether Article 119 of the EC Treaty on equal treatment precluded a measure ending discrimination through the fixing, with retroactive effect, of a uniform normal pension age equal to that of the members within the previously disadvantaged category. In Bocero Torrico, the question related to the obligation on Member States, under Regulation 883/2004, to take into account equivalent benefits acquired in other Member States for the purpose of calculating an early retirement pension. WA concerned a discriminatory law that granted a pension supplement solely to women. UB was about a discriminatory law that granted additional benefits for sportspersons based on their citizenship. In ZP, the question concerned Article 62 of Regulation 883/2004 dealing with the calculation of unemployment benefits. Finally, in Pensions-Sicherungs-Verein, the Court had to interpret Article 8 of Directive 2008/94 in the context of a reduction of pension benefits following the insolvency of the employer.

Deferring Receipt of Public Pension Benefits: A Tool for Flexibility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Genest-Grégoire ◽  
Luc Godbout ◽  
René Beaudry ◽  
Bernard Morency
Keyword(s):  
Public Pension ◽  
Pension Benefits

Transitioning to a higher retirement age with exponential and quasi-hyperbolic discounters in mixed economies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lynne Salvador Daway-Ducanes
Keyword(s):  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Welfare Effects ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Exponential Discounting

Abstract This paper analyses the macroeconomic and welfare effects of a higher retirement age within a dynamic overlapping generations framework, wherein exponential discounting and sophisticated quasi-hyperbolic discounting agents coexist in ‘mixed economies’. The transitional dynamics of economic aggregates depend on the proportion of QHD agents, and the extent to which reducing the social security tax rate mitigates crowding-out effects on savings and enables both lower pension contributions and higher pension benefits. Welfare impacts across agent types and cohorts differ accordingly: QHD agents employ the higher retirement age as a commitment mechanism to mitigate the adverse welfare implications of present-biasedness.

Social security, income inequality and growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
GILLES LE GARREC
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Lifetime Income ◽  
Actuarial Fairness ◽  
Retirement Systems ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn most industrial countries, public pension systems redistribute from workers to retired people, not from high-income to low-income earners. They are close actuarial fairness. However, they are not all equivalent. In particular, some pension benefits are linked to full lifetime average earnings, while others are only linked to partial earnings history. In the latter case, we then show in this article that an actuarially fair pay-as-you-go pension system can both reduce lifetime income inequality and enhance economic growth. We also shed light on the dilemma between inequality and economic growth in retirement systems: greater progressivity results in less lifetime inequlity but also less growth.

Determinants Associated with Work Participation in Patients with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis Taking Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie H.M. Manders ◽  
Wietske Kievit ◽  
Annemarie L.M.A. Braakman-Jansen ◽  
Herman L.M. Brus ◽  
Lidy Hendriks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Retirement Pension ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Objective.Reduced work participation (WP) is a common problem for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and generates high costs for society. Therefore, it is important to explore determinants of WP at the start of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) treatment, and for changes in WP after 2 years of TNFi treatment.Methods.Within the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) biologic register, WP data were available from 508 patients with RA younger than 65 years and without an (early) retirement pension. WP was registered at start of TNFi treatment and after 2 years of followup and was measured by single patient-reported binary questions whether they had work, paid or voluntary, or had a disability allowance or a retirement pension. Determinants measured at baseline were age, sex, disease duration, functional status [through Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI)], 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), rheumatoid factor, presence of erosions, number of previous disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, and number of comorbidities. During the 2 years of followup, HAQ-DI response and European League Against Rheumatism response were measured. Univariate analyses (excluded if p value was > 0.2) and multivariate (excluded if p value was > 0.1) logistic regression analyses were used.Results.Determinants associated with WP at baseline were having a better HAQ-DI (OR 0.32, p = 0.000) and male sex (OR 0.65, p = 0.065). After 2 years of TNFi therapy, 11.8% (n = 60) started to work and 13.6% (n = 69) stopped working. Determinants associated with starting to work were better baseline HAQ-DI (OR 0.58), positive RF (OR 2.73), and young age (OR 0.96); and for stopping work, worse baseline HAQ-DI (OR 2.74), low HAQ-DI response (OR 0.31), and comorbidity (OR 2.67), all with p < 0.1.Conclusion.Young patients with RA and a high functional status without any comorbidity will have a better chance of working. This supports the main goal in the management of RA: to suppress disease activity as soon and as completely as possible to prevent irreversible destruction of the joints, and thus maintain a good functional status of the patient. Because of the low proportion of variance explained by the models in this study, other factors besides the ones studied are associated with WP.

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