scholarly journals Dynamics of the Species Composition of Phytocenoses of Floodplain Mountain Meadows of the Carpathians Subject to Superficial Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kurhak ◽  
Uliana Karbivska ◽  
Nadiia Asanishvili ◽  
Sergiy Slyusar ◽  
Mykhailo Ptashnik

The conducted research of various authors has developed a number of measures for surface improvement of meadowland in various soil and climatic conditions. However, studies on the influence of such surface improvement measures as the use of organic and mineral fertilizers and sowing of perennial grasses and legumes in the sod on the dynamics of the species composition of Floodplain Mountain meadows of the Carpathians have not yet been conducted, which confirms the relevance of this study. The article presents the results of three-year studies conducted during 2017-2019 in the peasant farm of V.F. Martyshchuk (the Verkhovinsky District of the Ivano-Frankivsk region) to study the features of transformation of the species composition of natural phytocenoses of floodplain Meadows of the Black Cheremosh river of the mountain and forest belt of the Carpathians under the influence of their surface improvement with the use of organic and mineral fertilizers and sowing of a cereal mixture for haymaking use and Tribolium repens L. for multipurpose use. It was found that floodplain Meadow phytocenoses were mainly cereals and mixed grasses with a share of wild cereals of 57-58% (up to 15 of them % Festuca rubra L. s. str. and 5-6% of low-value ones in feed terms Calamagrostis arundinaceae (L.) Roth and Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv.), mixed grasses – 35-38% and unseeded Fabaceae 5-7%. When applying a set of measures for surface improvement of cereals and mixed grasses, low productive (within 1.95-2.15 t/ha of dry weight) floodplain mountain meadowlands, their species composition improved. For making P30K60 the content of wild plants increased by 2-5% Fabaceae, and N60P30K60 – by 9-10% unseeded Poaceae. For haymaking use, Poaceae with Phleum pratense L. and Festuca pratensis Huds. against the background of making N60P30K60 for sowing a mixture in the sod in the spring, their share increased to 74%, and for multi-year use and sowing Trifolium repens L. against the background of making P30K60 the quantity of Fabaceae increased to 44% or by 32%. The highest floral saturation (43 species from 19 families and 93-98% from perennials) was observed in variants without fertilization and with the introduction of P30K60 for multi-year use, which is 4-14 species more compared to haymaking use, or with the introduction of N60P30K60 and or with sowing a mixture of cereals on the background of N60P30K60 for haymaking use, or sowing Trifolium repens L. against the background of P30K60 for multipurpose use

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1266-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Turkington ◽  
Elena Klein

Ten individual plants of Trifolium repens L. were transplanted into a 49-year-old cattle pasture in British Columbia. They were protected from grazing and their subsequent growth was monitored at 2- to 3-week intervals throughout the summer from May to October. The rate of stolon elongation was greatest (2.01 cm ∙ week−1) in late July and a maximum rate of node production (1.48 new nodes per stolon ∙ week−1) occurred in early August. As stolons extended through the pasture they encountered a number of different grass species: Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, and Poa spp. The stolons grew through a total of 2 m of H. lanatus neighborhood and produced only 3 branches, whereas they produced 11 branches in only 57.2 cm of P. pratense neighborhood. Neighboring grasses impose different local environments on the nodes and stolons of T. repens and consequently influence the dynamics of node production, the rate of stolon elongation, and the amount of stolon branching. Key words: stolon branching, neighbors, light quality, Trifolium repens.


1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Carr ◽  
T. M. Ballard

For testing salt effects on seed and Rhizobium, 10–30–10 fertilizer and KCl solutions were used; the solutions had an osmotic potential of − 2.5 MPa, equivalent to 90 kg of the fertilizer per cubic metre of water. Solution contact for 1 h slightly affected the viability of Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard but the effects were not of practical significance. Reduced viability was exhibited by Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L. var. commutata Gaud., and Trifolium repens L. seed which had been rinsed after 1 h of fertilizer solution contact. Agrostis alba L., Dactylis glomerata L., F. rubra L., Lolium perenne L., L. multiflorum L., Phleum pratense L., T. hybridum L., and T. pratense L. were not significantly affected. In tests of seed unrinsed after solution contact for 1 h, viability of F. rubra, F. arundinacea, and T. repens was significantly reduced; that of L. multiflorum was not. Trifolium repens was more affected than in the test of rinsed seed.As T. repens viability was reduced as much as 30%, seed of this species might be applied separately from hydroseeder slurries having high fertilizer concentrations. Significant effects on other species tested are too small to influence hydroseeding methods, but amount and proportion of the seed mix may be altered where high fertilizer concentrations are used.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-367
Author(s):  
Tatyana Bozhanska ◽  
Boryana Churkova ◽  
Teodora Mihova

In 2014-2016 at the Research Institute of Mountain Stockbreeding and Agriculture- Troyan, we followed the change in the qualitative composition of dry biomass from two-component grass mixtures. The grasslands with the mixture of Trifolium repens L. - Poa pratensis L. have the highest crude protein content (151.6 g kg-1 DM), mineral substances (75.6 g kg-1 DM) and crude fat (33.9 g kg-1 DM). The legume grass associated with perennial ryegrass forms forage matter with the highest carbohydrate amount (434.9 g kg-1 DM) and the lowest amount of crude fiber (269.8 g kg-1 DM). The biomass of Lotus corniculatus L. and Festuca rubra L. is the richest in Ca (19.1 g kg-1 DM), and the mixture of blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot has the highest dry matter content (909.7 g kg-1 DM). The biomass of blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot (16.99 MJ/kg DM) and red clover - meadow fescue (16.96 MJ/kg DM) is with the highest caloric values. Both mixtures have almost identical values regardless of the different botanical composition and the predominant component in the grassland. The mixture of Trifolium pratense L. with Phleum pratense L. has the highest energy nutritional value (FUM - 0.71 kg DM and FUG - 0.66 kg DM), and the biomass of the blue hybrid alfalfa - cock's foot registered the lowest amount of exchange energy (7.30 MJ/kg DM), as well as the smallest number of feed units (FUM - 0.67 kg DM and FUG - 0.61 kg DM) in the dry matter. For the experimental period with the lowest values of gross energy (16.70 MJ/kg DM) are the mixed grasslands of Trifolium repens L.


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
U. Karbivs'ka ◽  
V. Martyschuk ◽  
V. Kurgak ◽  
M. Voloschuk

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
L. M. Bugryn ◽  
T. V. Partyka ◽  
O. M. Pokhaliuk

Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної.


2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
MARIUSZ KULIK ◽  
RYSZARD BARYŁA ◽  
MARIANNA WARDA ◽  
EWA STAMIROWSKA-KRZACZEK ◽  
PIOTR JULIAN DOMAŃSKI

Celem badań była ocena udziału wybranych polskich i zagranicznych odmian Lolium perenne L. w runi łąki pobagiennej oraz ich odporności na niekorzystne warunki hydrotermiczne. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 1999–2003 na kompleksie siedliska pobagiennego (gleba torfowo-murszowa Mt II) w Sosnowicy, w dolinie rzeki Piwonii. W badaniach oceniano udział 18 odmian L. perenne, różniących się poliploidalnością i pochodzeniem, które wysiano w mieszankach z Phleum pratense L. i Trifolium repens L. Istotnie największym średnim udziałem w runi łaki pobagiennej charakteryzowały się odmiany Fanda (47,2%), Napoleon (46,2%) i Husky (46,1%), a istotnie najmniejszym Barezane (28,6%) i Hercules (30,3%). Do grupy odmian odpornych na niedobór wody w glebie torfowo-murszowej w okresie letnim należą: Barezane, Heraut, Tivoli, Arka, Hercules i Fanda. Najbardziej odpornymi odmianami na niskie temperatury okresu zimowego okazały się Barylou, Husky i Baristra.


2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Maria Widera ◽  
Krzysztof Gediga

The purpose of the microplot experiment, on the light soil, was determination of concentration of lead at different pH, inhibiting growth of <i>Trifolium repens</i> L. and <i>Phleum pratense</i> L. at the monoculture and at the mixture of these two species. Four levels of the concentration of the lead applicated into the soil were. During vegetation season 1993, harvested 3 cuts of the green fodder. The biometrical analyse of the plants at the all 52 fields made before I cut of the green fodder. It was confirmed, that the both species had been growing better at the monocultures than at the mixture treatments. <i>Trifolium repens</i> L. plants had been growing better at the less acid soil and <i>Phleum pratense</i> L. plants - at the more acid soil. On more acid soil - <i>Trifolium repens</i> L. plants growth were strongly inhibited then on the less acid one.


2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Khalif ◽  
H. Abdorhim ◽  
Hosam E. H. T. Bayoumi ◽  
Anna Füzy ◽  
Mihály Kecskés

Üvegházi körülmények között savanyú barna erdotalajban nevelt fehér here (Trifolium repens L.) növények rizoszférájának sókezelés hatására bekövetkezo változását ellenoriztük. Megvizsgáltuk a különbözo sókoncentrációknak (0, 0,2, 0,4, 0,6 és 0,8 tömeg %) a baktériumnépesség összetételére és a különbözo talajenzimek aktivitására gyakorolt hatását.  Megállapítottuk, hogy a talaj sótartalma közvetlenül befolyásolta a rizoszférában található fluoreszkáló pszeudomonaszok csíraszámát. A legsurubb populáció a 0,2% NaCl-ot tartalmazó talajban volt mérheto, ahol a fluoreszkáló pszeudomonaszok között a Pseudomonas putida és a P. fluorescens fordultak elo a legnagyobb számban. A pszeudomonaszok ily módon jól tolerálják a talaj magas NaCl-tartalmát, és gyökérkolonizáló tevékenységet képesek kifejteni a magas NaCl-tartalmú talajban is. A sókoncentráció növelésével kezdetben (a 0,2-0,4%-os tartományban) jelentosen növekedett a dehidrogenáz, kataláz, és ureáz enzimek aktivitása. A proteáz enzimek aktivitásmaximuma a 0,1-0,2% NaCl-koncentráció tartományba esett. A 0,4%-nál magasabb koncentrációkban a kontrollhoz hasonló mértékure csökkent mind a négy enzim aktivitása, és a baktériumok száma is. A foszfatáz- és a b-glükozidáz-tevékenység viszont a NaCl-dózis növelése következtében a koncentrációval arányosan, jelentosen csökkent a kontrollhoz viszonyítva.  Feltételezésünk szerint az enzimaktivitások változását is a sókezelés hatására bekövetkezo mikrobióta összetételének megváltozása okozta.


2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.


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