scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution by PM10 and PM2.5 in Nawabshah City, Sindh, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3757-3761
Author(s):  
A. A. Siyal ◽  
S. R. Samo ◽  
Z. A. Siyal ◽  
K. C. Mukwana ◽  
S. A. Jiskani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City ◽  
Mean Concentration

Increased traffic density due to urbanization is a major cause of air quality deterioration. Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) constitutes one of the most challenging issues in environmental research. This study was designed to assess PM10 and PM2.5 pollution at ten main locations in Nawabshah. Analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 pollution was carried randomly at different selected locations of the city. The highest concentration of PM10 was found at Mohini bazar (MB) and the highest concentration for PM2.5 was found at New Naka (NN). The mean concentration of PM10 was 78.3% higher than world health organization (WHO) standards and 35% than Pakistan’s National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The mean concentration of PM2.5 was 47.3% and 26.3% higher respectively. Mean concentrations of PM2.5 on day-2 and day-10 were found lower than those set by NEQS, while mean concentrations of PM10 on all days exceeded the WHO and NEQS standards indicating that the city was heavily polluted more with PM10 than with PM2.5. Re-suspension of dust particles due to traffic flow, open burning of unmanaged solid waste on the sides of the road and in the street, and improper handling of construction and demolition waste were identified as the main sources for PM pollution in the city. Exposure to higher levels of PM10 and PM2.5 can cause health problems. High levels of PM10 and PM2.5 are a call for the implementation of strict measures to control PM pollution at Nawabshah in order to protect public health and the environment.

scholarly journals Proposal for a Methodology for Sustainable Rehabilitation Strategies of the Existing Building Stock—The Ponte Gêa Neighborhood

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Michael M. Santos ◽  
João C. G. Lanzinha ◽  
Ana Vaz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The City

Having in mind the objectives of the United Nations Development Agenda 2030, which refers to the sustainable principles of a circular economy, it is urgent to improve the performance of the built environment. The existing buildings must be preserved and improved in order to reduce their environmental impact, in line with the need to revert climate change and reduce the occurrence of natural disasters. This work had as its main goal to identify and define a methodology for promoting the rehabilitation of buildings in the Ponte Gêa neighborhood, in the city of Beira, Mozambique, with an emphasis on energy efficiency, water efficiency, and construction and demolition waste management. The proposed methodology aims to create a decision support method for creating strategic measures to be implemented by considering the three specific domains—energy, water, and waste. This model allows for analyzing the expected improvement according to the action to be performed, exploring both individual and community solutions. It encompasses systems of standard supply that can reveal greater efficiency and profitability. Thus, the in-depth knowledge of the characteristics of urban space and buildings allows for establishing guidelines for the renovation process of the neighborhood.

scholarly journals Conformidade de sistemas de gerenciamento de resíduos da construção civil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Carnasciali de Andrade Mann ◽  
André Nagalli ◽  
Karina Querne De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Legal Compliance ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Environmental Audits ◽  
The City ◽  
Poor Management

Resumo Normas relacionadas à gestão de Resíduos de Construção Civil (RCC) estão vigentes no Brasil há mais de uma década. O intuito dessa gestão é amenizar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do gerenciamento indevido desses resíduos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é investigar a conformidade técnica e legal de sistemas de gerenciamento de resíduos de construção civil no município de Curitiba. Para tal, elaborou-se uma lista de verificação baseada nas normas em vigor e em alguns modelos de certificações ambientais, como: LEED, AQUA, CASBEE, BREAM e HQE. 24 obras de edifícios residenciais e comerciais foram  visitadas — com ou sem certificação ambiental. Essa lista de verificação foi aplicada nas construções, para realizar um diagnóstico do setor. Apesar da gestão de resíduos ser obrigatória e restritiva à obtenção dos certificados de conclusão de obra, os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que há problemas na segregação, acondicionamento e transporte dos resíduos. Entretanto, a falta de conscientização e a aparente conformidade documental não se traduz em efetivo gerenciamento dos RCC. Palavras-chave: Resíduos de construção e demolição. Gestão de resíduos. Resíduos sólidos. Auditorias ambientais. Abstract Standards related to the management of Construction Waste (CW) have been in force in Brazil for more than a decade. The goal of this management is to alleviate the environmental impacts resulting from the poor management of these wastes. The objective of this work is to investigate the technical and legal compliance of construction waste management systems in the city of Curitiba. To this end, a checklist was drawn up based on current standards and on some models of environmental certifications, such as: LEED, AQUA, CASBEE, BREAM and HQE. 24 works of residential and commercial buildings were visited — with or without environmental certification.  A checklist was applied, in these buildings, to promote a diagnosis of the sector. Although waste management is mandatory and restrictive to obtain building completion certificates, the research results showed that there are problems in the segregation, packaging and transport of waste. However, the lack of awareness and the apparent documentary compliance does not translate into effective management of the CW. Keywords:  Construction and demolition waste. Waste management. Solid waste. Environmental audits. Resumen Normas relativas a la gestión de Residuos Sólidos de Construcción Civil (RCC) están vigentes en Brasil hace más de una década. La intención de esa gestión es amenizar los impactos ambientales producidos por la gestión inadecuada de esos residuos. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar la conformidad técnica y legal de sistemas de gestión de residuos de la construcción civil en el municipio de Curitiba. Para ello, se elaboró una lista de cotejo basada en las normas vigentes y en algunos modelos de certificaciones ambientales como: LEED, AQUA, CASBEE, BREAM y HQE. Se visitaron 24 obras de edificios residenciales y comerciales — con o sin permiso ambiental. Se aplicó esa lista de cotejo en las construcciones, para realizar un diagnóstico des sector. Aunque la gestión de residuos sea obligatoria y restrictiva para la obtención de las certificaciones de conclusión de obra, los resultados de la investigación demostraron que hay problemas en la segregación, acondicionamiento y trasporte de los residuos. Sin embargo, la falta de conciencia y la aparente conformidad en materia de documentos no se traduce en una gestión eficiente de los RCC. Palabras-clave: Residuos de construcción y demolición. Gestión de residuos. Residuos sólidos. Auditorías ambientales.

A Tentative Study on Quantity of Construction and Demolition Waste Generation in Tianjin

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2727-2730
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Yong Hai Xue ◽  
Ya Nan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
The City

This research makes a tentative study on generation of construction and demolition waste (CDW) in the city of Tianjin. Based on statistic data on construction area, amounts of construction waste, renewal transformation waste and decoration waste are estimated respectively, and summed up to the result of total CDW generation from 1996 to 2012. It shows that total CDW generation in urban area of Tianjin is up to 19.11 million tons in 2012.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RAINWATER BY PIXE TECHNIQUE

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
M. B. H. AL-BEDRI ◽  
I. J. ABDUL GHANI
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Concentration Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Trace And Toxic Metals ◽  
Mean Concentration

Analysis of trace and toxic metals in untreated rainwater has been carried out using nondestructive proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) in combination with pre-concentration technique. The pre-concentration technique used for this purpose was carried out by evaporation of the rainwater samples at 50°C under atmospheric pressure. Untreated rainwater samples were collected from 10 different locations across Baghdad city, Iraq. The mean concentration values of the elements ( Al, Ca, Co, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr ) in rainwater samples were determined simultaneously at the parts per billion (ppb) levels. The rainwater samples and certified reference materials (CRMs) were irradiated with 2.0 MeV proton beam from Van de Graaff accelerator. The accuracy of the results was proved by using certified reference materials (GSP-2). The results were compared with the published data, Iraqi standards (IRQ), European standards (EU), and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality. The purpose of this work was to obtain the total elemental compositions of rainwater in Iraq.

scholarly journals Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and pavements of large cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitali Chulkov ◽  
Bakhruz Nazirov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

In the process of urbanization of large cities in different countries, there are similar problems of reorganization, involving the demolition of physically and morally obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the subsequent construction reorganization of the territories vacated or re-cut to the city. In the process of demolition of obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the construction of new buildings, inevitably significant amounts of waste and construction debris arise that should be recycled as much as possible into secondary building materials (to carry out the so-called «recycling» of waste). Types of construction reorganization of urban areas are divided into traditional, widely known and standardized (repair, reconstruction, restoration), and innovative, arising in the processes of reorganization of society. Among the innovative types of construction reorganization, renovation is currently the most relevant, meeting the need to renovate the dilapidated housing stock of cities. The article discusses the main types of construction waste generated during demolition and new construction, as well as the technologies used for recycling these wastes during the renovation of territories and pavements of large cities.

scholarly journals Influence of Milled Material and Construction Waste on the Properties of a Typical Soil of Iranduba City - AM / BR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Marcos Raiker Printes Ferreira ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Felipe Wilson Leão da Silva ◽  
Fábio Martins da Silva ◽  
Consuelo Alves da Frota
Keyword(s):  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Milled Material ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Selection Parameters ◽  
The City ◽  
Typical Soil

The lack of stone material in the State of Amazonas and the possibility of using solid waste in the sublayers of pavements motivates the work in question, notably with the purpose of contributing as an alternative technical solution to the paving of the city of Iranduba / AM / BR. Compositions of soil mixed with waste from milled material (MM) and construction and demolition (CDW) were studied. The materials participating in the formulations were physically characterized, as well as the mechanical behavior of the natural soil (NS) and mixtures of soil-20% milled material (NS + 20MM) and soil-20% construction and demolition waste were determined. (NS + 20CDW). The results showed that the compositions with the participation of the milled material were the most efficient relative to the mixtures with the presence of the construction and demolition residue. It is noteworthy that both formulations, referring to natural soil, improved the expansion and presented an increase in the California Bearing Ratio, selection parameters for application in the base and subfloor layers.

scholarly journals Heavy metals concentration and histopathological profile of some commercial fish species at Makoko Slum Neighbourhood Environment, Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Simeon O. Ayoola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Water Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Neighbourhood Environment ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Potentially harmful substances such as pesticides, heavy metals, and hydro chemicals are often released into the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to assess the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, and nickel in water samples from two different points (Mid-stream and downstream), also determine the levelsof Lead, Zinc, Manganese and copper in four commercially important fish species, Pseudotolithus senegalensis (croaker fish) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (bonga), Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia fish) and Bagrus bayad (silver catfish) from Makoko water body, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Histopathological profile of the fish species selected was also examined. The results were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit.The concentrations of the heavy metals were analyzed using Perkin Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Pseudotholithus senegalensishad 3.01±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 3.48±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1as the mean concentration of lead, zinc, manganese, and copper respectively, while E. fimbriatahad 1.06±0.02, 2.41±0.02, 4.14±0.01, 1.04±0.10 mg kg-1,O. mossambicushad 2.09±0.02, 3.11±0.04, 2.48±0.02, 0.62±0.01 mg kg-1and B. bayadhad 1.53±0.12, 3.61±0.05, 2.44±0.03, 0.66±0.01 mg kg-1 as the mean concentration of these metals in the tissues of these fishes. The concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the gills compared to other organs. The mean concentration of each heavy metal were varied significantly (p0.05) depending on the species of fish. In the histological analysis of the tissues, there was vacuolation of hepatocytes, inflammation, and necrosis. In the muscle, there was a mild lesion, necrosis, inflammation, and cellular degenerations. But the level of tissue and organ degeneration is more severe in the gills. The study showed that some levels of these metals were within the permissible recommended allowed limit for human consumption. It is concluded that Makoko Lagoon water body and fishes are heavily contaminated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Prevalência de cárie em estudantes do município de Russas - Ceará

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Cosmo Helder Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Égilla De Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Adrícia Kelly Marques Bento ◽  
Maria Mayara Nascimento Beserra ◽  
Sofia Vasconcelos Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Dental Floss ◽  
Hygiene Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar as condições de saúde bucal dos adolescentes do município de Russas, Ceará, observando o perfil socioeconômico e o comportamento de higiene oral dos mesmos. O estudo foi conduzido em município do Ceará com escolares de 12 anos. Após aplicação do TCLE e TAM, os participantes preencheram um questionário e foi realizado um exame bucal para verificar os dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados. Os dados foram analisados e descritos. O índice de CPO-D médio foi 2,2. A frequência de escovação foi de 59% (n=20) três a quatro vezes ao dia, 50% (n=17) dos escolares utilizam fio dental, 82% (n=28) já foi ao dentista pelo menos uma vez na vida. A média deste índice caracteriza a população como baixo risco a cárie, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, porém, há necessidade de ações de promoção de saúde para intervir no quadro desta doença.Descritores: Cárie Dentária, Estudantes, Saúde bucal.Prevalence of caries in studnts of the Russas - cearáAbstract: This study aimed to characterize the oral health conditions of adolescents in the city of Russas, Ceará, observing the socioeconomic profile and the oral hygiene behavior of the adolescents. The study was conducted in a municipality of Ceará with schoolchildren aged 12 years. After the application of the TCLE and TAM, the participants completed a questionnaire and an oral examination was performed to check the decayed, missing and filled teeth. The data were analyzed and described. The mean CPO-D index was 2.2. The frequency of brushing was 59% (n=20) three to four times a day, 50% (n=17) of schoolchildren used dental floss, 82% (n=28) had been to the dentist at least once in their lifetime. The average of this index characterizes the population as low caries risk, according to the World Health Organization, however, there is a need for health promotion actions to intervene in this disease.Descriptors: Dental Caries, Students, Oral Health.Prevalencia de caries en estudiantes del municipio de Russas - CearáResumen: El presente trabajo objetivó caracterizar las condiciones de salud bucal de los adolescentes del municipio de Russas, Ceará, observando el perfil socioeconómico y el comportamiento de higiene oral de los mismos. El estudio fue conducido en el municipio de Ceará con escolares de 12 años. Después de la aplicación del TCLE y TAM, los participantes llenaron un cuestionario y se realizó un examen bucal para verificar los dientes cariados, perdidos y obturados. Los datos fueron analizados y descritos. El índice de CPO-D medio fue 2,2. La frecuencia de cepillado fue del 59% (n=20) tres a cuatro veces al día, 50% (n=17) de los escolares utilizan hilo dental, el 82% (n=28) ya fue al dentista al menos una vez en la vida. El promedio de este índice caracteriza a la población como bajo riesgo a la caries, de acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, sin embargo, hay necesidad de acciones de promoción de salud para intervenir en el marco de esta enfermedad.Descriptores: Caries Dentales, Estudiantes, Salud Bucal.

scholarly journals Prevalence of smoking and age of initiation in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 626-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Youssef ◽  
S. A. Abou Khatwa ◽  
H. M. Fouad
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Family Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cross-sectional survey on tobacco use in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, used an interview questionnaire based on World Health Organization guidelines. The study in 2000 included 2120 participants aged 15 to 86 years. More than a quarter [27.2%] were current smokers [25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers] and 3.5% were ex-smokers. Current smokers spent 23.1% of their family income on tobacco. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men [48.5%] than women [1.5%] and the mean age of initiation of smoking was lower among men [18.1 years] than women [22.6 years]. The high prevalence of tobacco use among men is of concern, so too is the likelihood that tobacco use will increase among women. Further research is needed into factors that prevent people from starting smoking and assist them stopping smoking

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