Hygiene Behaviors and SARS-CoV-2-Preventive Behaviors in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Self-Reported Compliance and Associations with Fear, SARS-CoV-2 Risk, and Mental Health in a General Population vs. a Psychosomatic Patients Sample in Germany

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, hygiene behaviors such as keeping distance, avoiding masses, wearing face masks, and complying with hand hygiene recommendations became imperative. The current study aims to determine factors interrelating with hygiene behaviors. Methods: A total of 4049 individuals (1305 male, 2709 female, aged 18–80 years) were recruited from rehabilitation clinics or freely on the internet. They were surveyed via online questionnaires between May 2020 and August 2021. Sociodemographics, hygiene behaviors, and fear of COVID-19 infection were assessed. Results: Overall prevalence for hygiene behaviors was: keeping a distance—88.1%; avoiding mass gatherings—88.0%; wearing face masks—96.9%; and hand hygiene—81.6%, with 70% of the study participants complying with all four researched behaviors. Hygiene behaviors were significantly related to fear in a linear and quadratic fashion. Conclusion: Patients are more compliant according to their self-reported responses than the general population. To improve hygiene behavior, hand hygiene in particular provides options for improvements. A medium level of fear seems to be more functional than too-elevated fear. Behavioral interventions and targeted communication aiming at improving different behaviors in orchestration can help individuals to protect their health and to remain healthy. Accordingly, communication is required to ensure high hygiene standards and patient safety, and to prevent adverse effects.

Adherence to Social-Distancing and Personal Hygiene Behavior Guidelines and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis: Evidence From the Understanding America Study

Objectives. To assess the association between individual-level adherence to social-distancing and personal hygiene behaviors recommended by public health experts and subsequent risk of COVID-19 diagnosis in the United States. Methods. Data are from waves 7 through 26 (June 10, 2020–April 26, 2021) of the Understanding America Study COVID-19 survey. We used Cox models to assess the relationship between engaging in behaviors considered high risk and risk of COVID-19 diagnosis. Results. Individuals engaging in behaviors indicating lack of adherence to social-distancing guidelines, especially those related to large gatherings or public interactions, had a significantly higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis than did those who did not engage in these behaviors. Each additional risk behavior was associated with a 9% higher risk of COVID-19 diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.13). Results were similar after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and local infection rates. Conclusions. Personal mitigation behaviors appear to influence the risk of COVID-19, even in the presence of social factors related to infection risk. Public Health Implications. Our findings emphasize the importance of individual behaviors for preventing COVID-19, which may be relevant in contexts with low vaccination. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(1):169–178. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306565 )

Covid-19 Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Hidup Bersih Masyarakat Muslim

Coronavirus disease also known as Covid-19 forces society to adapt and change to encounter and stop its spread. Maintaining personal and environmental cleanliness is the method suggested by WHO and the government for dealing with the pandemic. Islam has taught about the virtue of cleanliness in the Quran and hadith long before the Covid-19 pandemic. Likewise, religious authorities such as the MUI issued a fatwa on the topic long before the coronavirus arrived in Indonesia. This research used the literature review method to understand Muslim society's awareness of cleanliness and the impact of Covid-19 on its behaviors. It discovered that the ideal expected of Islam to be aware of cleanliness still showed a gap over the reality that occurred, particularly in Indonesia, which has the world's largest Muslim population. However, the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has had a positive impact on personal cleanliness. According to a BPS survey, the majority of respondents are more likely to adopt hygiene behavior. Furthermore, Islamic organizations such as MUI, Muhammadiyah, and NU have long emphasized the importance of maintaining personal and environmental cleanliness. One of the lessons of the Covid-19 pandemic is the importance of cleanliness, particularly in daily life.

A Qualitative Inquiry into Rural Primary Schooler's Hygiene during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Kupang regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

Introduction: The importance of personal hygiene in preventing the spread of infection cannot be underestimated. Handwashing is an essential aspect of personal hygiene, especially among children. This study aimed to explore primary school students' hygiene in rural and remote areas in the Kupang regency. Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the end line evaluation of the MEMBACA II project. Teachers from four primary schools in three villages were purposively selected to participate in this study. The teachers were recruited from the participant schools of the MEMBACA II Project. Data was collected using phone interviews. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: In total, there were 31 participants across four primary schools interviewed. The participants consisted of teachers, village leaders, village reading camp facilitators, and school supervisors. Participants were recruited as a proxy for providing information about students' hygiene. There were three themes identified as a result of the data analysis. The first theme is an improvement in children’s hygiene behavior. The second theme is the benefit of the little doctor program in children’s hygiene practices. The third theme challenges in children’s hygiene promotion and education. Overall, children were used to handwashing practices. They understood the importance of handwashing, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. They were also aware of four essential times of handwashing. However, the adults perceived the need for handwashing equipment and access to clean water were the main challenges to maintaining students' hygiene. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the significance of regularly teaching children about handwashing in making handwashing habits among these youngsters. A continuing provision of health literacy and access to clean water is required to maintain hygiene behavior

Effect of Knowledge on COVID-19 and Hygiene Behavior on the Mental Health of Cosmetology Students

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the knowledge on COVID-19 and hygiene behavior of cosmetology students and identify factors affecting mental health.Methods: In the analysis, SPSS/WIN program was used. Univariate analysis was used for knowledge COVID-19, preventive behavior, and mental health, and stepwise multiple regression was used for factors affecting mental health.Results: The factors affecting the mental health of cosmetology students were identified as knowledge related to COVID-19, subjective health perception, and part-time job.Conclusion: In this study, 34.9% and 36.2% of the borderline and severe groups of anxiety and depression respectively, which are subfactors of the mental health of cosmetology students, were identified. In future studies, it is considered necessary to expand sample and the influencing factors.

Literature Review : Gambaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Masyarakat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The spread of COVID-19 is rampant. Every individual is at risk of being infected and transmitted. Hygiene Behavior and Healthy Lifestyle are recommended to prevent COVID-19 infection. This study aims to describe hygiene behavior and a healthy lifestyle (washing hands, physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables, wearing mask, social distance) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a literature review research. The subjects of this study were people aged over 16 years. The method used is to search for articles ranging from 2019-2021, through a database in the form of PubMed using the keywords "Health behavior" AND "Coronavirus Disease 2019" AND "public" and Google Scholar using the keywords "Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in the Community during the Covid pandemic. -19” then assessed using a hawker. Five articles were indentified. The findings highlight the hand washing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic: 5,329 (82.5%) always hand wash with soap and water, 38 (35.3%) often apply six steps wash their hands, 59 (83.1%) always hand wash with soap and water after leaving the house, 54 (76.1%) always hand wash with soap and water before eating, 35 (49.3%) always hand wash with soap and water after holding money, and 142 (39.6%) wash their hands before touching food. The physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: 41 (38%) rarely, 199 (55.1%) 150 minutes/week, and 3,960 (73.8%) less than three times in a week. Fruits & vegetables consumption during the COVID-19 pandmic: 3,309 (49.7%) sometimes, 96 (50.26%) sometimes, and 289 (80.0%) consume fruits & vegetables. The use of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: 102 (57%) always, and 188 (98.4%) using masks . Meanwhile, social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic is 37 (8.6%) never, 6 (1.3%) sometimes, 34 (8.0%) and always 355 (82.1%). People have hygiene behavior and a healthy lifestyle to minimize the transmission of COVID-19.Keywords :COVID-19, Community, PHBS. AbstrakPenyebaranCovid-19semakin tidak terkendali, setiap individu resiko tertular dan menularkan. Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di anjurkan pemerintah sebagai pencegahan Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran PHBS (Cuci tangan, aktivitas fisik, konsumsi buah dan sayur, memakai masker, menjaga jarak)masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan pennelitian literature review. Subjek penelitian ini masyarakat yang berumur diatas 16 tahun. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mencari artikel rentang tahun 2019-2021, melalui database berupa PubMed menggunakan kata kunci “Health behavior” AND “Coronavirus Disease 2019” AND “public” dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19” lalu di nilai menggunakan hawker. Hasil penelitian literature review dari 5 artikel menunjukkan bahwa cuci tangan masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 : 5.329 (82,5%) selalu CTPS, 38 (35,3%) sering cuci tangan 6 langkah, 59 (83,1%) selalu CTPS setelah keluar rumah, 54 (76,1%) selalu CTPS sebelum makan, 35 (49,3%) selalu CTPS setelah memegang uang, dan 142 (39,6%) cuci tangan sebelum menyentuh makanan.Aktivitas fisik masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 : 41 (38%) jarang, 199 (55,1%) 150menit/minggu, dan 3.960 (73,8%) <3X seminggu.Konsumsi buah & sayur masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 :3.309 (49,7%) kadang-kadang, 96 (50,26%) kadang-kadang, dan 289 (80,0%) mengkonsumsi buah & sayur. Penggunaan masker masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 : 102 (57%) selalu, dan 188 (98,4%) menggunakan masker. Sedangkan jaga jarak masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu 37 (8,6%) tidak pernah, 6 (1,3%) kadang-kadang, 34 (8,0%) dan selalu 355 (82,1%). PHBS sudah dilakukan masyarakat untuk meminimalisir penularan Covid-19.Kata Kunci :Covid-19, Masyarakat, PHBS.

DETERMINAN PERILAKU REMAJA PUTRI DALAM KEBERSIHAN GENETALIA SAAT MENSTRUASI PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

ABSTRAKMenstruasi pada remaja putri merupakan topik yang menarik untuk diteliti. Hygiene menstruasi yang buruk hingga saat ini masih menjadi permasalahan di negara berkembang. Personal hygiene saat menstruasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meminimalkan terjadinya penyakit. Panti asuhan putri Aisyiyah merupakan salah satu panti asuhan yang berada di wilayah Tuntang Kabupaten Semarang. Panti asuhan ini memiliki 60 santri dan pengurus panti sebanyak 3 orang. Santri masuk dalam kategori usia remaja yang semua mengalami mentruasi sehingga perlu diteliti bagaimana perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat mentruasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan perilaku remaja putri dalam kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi pada masa pandemi covid-19. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei, Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2021. Sumber data yang digunakan data primer. Analisis data menggunakan Kendall Tau. Hasil penelitian ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan responden dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. ada hubungan antara sikap responden dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. ada hubungan antara sumber informasi dengan perilaku kebersihan genetalia saat menstruasi. Saran perlu adanya kelas parenting yang membahas tentang kebutuhan seputar remaja putri yang tidak hanya terbatas pada mentruasi saja sehingga semakin banyak sumber informasi seputar remaja menjadikan remaja lebih smart dalma mejalani masa remajanya.Kata Kunci : Determinan, Remaja Putri, Kebersihan Genetalia, Menstruasi.BEHAVIORAL DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT WOMEN IN GENETAL CLEANLINESS DURING MENSTRUATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMICABSTRACTMenstruation in adolescent girls is an interesting topic to study. Poor menstrual hygiene is still a problem in developing countries. Personal hygiene during menstruation is one way to minimize the occurrence of disease. Aisyiyah women's orphanage is one of the orphanages located in the Tuntang area, Semarang Regency. This orphanage has 60 students and 3 administrators. Santri are included in the category of adolescent age who all experience menstruation, so it is necessary to investigate how the behavior of genital hygiene during menstruation is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral determinants of adolescent girls in genital hygiene during menstruation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method in this research is a descriptive survey. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire, the research is carried out in August 2021. The data source used is primary data. Data analysis using Kendall Tau. The results of the study there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of respondents with genital hygiene behavior during menstruation. there is a relationship between the attitude of the respondents with the behavior of genital hygiene during menstruation. there is a relationship between the source of information with genital hygiene behavior during menstruation. Suggestions for the need for parenting classes that discuss the needs of young women are not only limited to menstruation, so that more sources of information about teenagers make teenagers smarter in their teenage years.Keyword : Determinants, Adolescent Girls, Genital Hygiene, Menstruation.

DOES KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATE TO SAFE HYGIENE BEHAVIOUR IN PUBLIC PLACES? -THE CASE OF ENUGU URBAN IN NIGERIA

This study examined people’s hygiene attitude and practices in public places in Enugu metropolis. Individual’s hygiene behavior and practices may differ in public and private settings. Such behavior could also be moderated by the threat of epidemics such as Covid-19 or its absence. Using the stratified random sampling method, 384 respondents were selected from public places grouped into places of worship, business premises and markets, motor parks, and public offices. A 37 item questionnaire captured the demographic characteristics of respondents, sanitation attitude and behavior and predisposing factors. This was supplemented with personal interviews, as well as non participant observations. Data collected were summarized with the aid of frequency, percentages, tables and charts. Findings show that education per se was not a determinant in people’s sanitation behavior but rather the availability and state of the facilities. The study recommends hygiene behaviour moderation through facilities provision and maintenance.

Social Isolation and Accelerated Tooth Loss Among Chinese Older Adults

Social isolation and loneliness in older adults are major global public health concerns. Tooth loss is also a common problem in this population. This study examined the effects of social isolation and loneliness on the number of remaining teeth and the rate of tooth loss among Chinese older adults. We included 4,268 older adults age 65+ from three waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011/2012, 2014, 2018). Linear mixed-effect models showed higher levels of social isolation were associated with fewer remaining teeth (β = -1.59, P &lt; 0.05) and accelerated tooth loss (β=-0.10, P&lt;0.05) controlled for socio-demographic, lifestyle, oral hygiene behavior, and health status. Loneliness was neither associated with the number of remaining teeth (β=0.64, P&gt;0.05) nor with the rate of tooth loss (β=-0.09, P&gt;0.05) before and after controlling for covariates. These findings expand our knowledge regarding the correlation between social connection and tooth loss in non-Western populations.