scholarly journals Brainstem tumor as a cause of headache triggered by Valsalva maneuver

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Marcelo Moraes Valença ◽  
Martina Falcão Valença ◽  
Juliana Ramos Andrade ◽  
Elayne Cristina de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Luiz Severo Bem Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Brainstem Tumor ◽  
Significant Intensity ◽  
Short Time

Expansive lesions of the posterior fossa or the malformation in the occipitocervical transition can cause headache triggered by Valsalva maneuver, usually of sudden onset and of significant intensity, which usually lasts for a short time. Brainstem tumor is rarely related to cause headache, hence the interest in documenting this patient's case in this article.

Periodic Variations in the Coronal Green Line Intensity and their Connection with the White-light Coronal Structures

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský ◽  
Vojtech Rušin
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
White Light ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
High Time Resolution ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Periodic Intensity ◽  
Coronal Green Line ◽  
Significant Intensity ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe present an analysis of short time-scale intensity variations in the coronal green line as obtained with high time resolution observations. The observed data can be divided into two groups. The first one shows periodic intensity variations with a period of 5 min. the second one does not show any significant intensity variations. We studied the relation between regions of coronal intensity oscillations and the shape of white-light coronal structures. We found that the coronal green-line oscillations occur mainly in regions where open white-light coronal structures are located.

scholarly journals Observations of High-Frequency Activity of EV Lacertae

1995 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
B.E. Zhilyaev ◽  
I.A. Verlyuk
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cataclysmic Binaries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Ev Lac ◽  
Short Time

The flare star EV Lac shows a wide variety of activity phenomena on a wide range of time scales. These are the well-known “classical” solar-like flares, the short-time flare events (Gershberg & Petrov 1986, Karapetian & Zalinian 1991, Tovmassian & Zalinian 1988, Tsvetkov et al. 1986, Zhilyaev 1994), and the long-duration variations caused by starspots and rotation (Petterson 1980). However, the “classical” flares are not such a frequent phenomenon as one gets used to think. As noted by Roizman & Kabitchev (1985), a considerable fraction of flares shows a complicated multipeak structure with sudden onset and decay. Their interpretation along the lines of classical models favored for solar-like flares is very problematic.Here, we report the detection of high-frequency chaotic variability (flickering) in EV Lac. Optical flickering is observed in cataclysmic binaries, and in X-rays it is observed in low-mass X-ray binaries. As a rule, flickering is an accretion phenomenon. Strange as it may seem, EV Lac as a visual binary has the analogous property.

scholarly journals Giant Epidermoid Cyst of Posterior Fossa—Our Experience and Literature Review

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582110020
Author(s):  
Giacomo Spinato ◽  
Piergiorgio Gaudioso ◽  
Maurizio Falcioni ◽  
Maria Cristina Da Mosto ◽  
Salvatore Cocuzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Epidermal Cyst ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Epidermoid Cysts ◽  
Elective Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intracranial Epidermoid

Introduction. Intracranial epidermoid cysts are the most frequent congenital intracranial lesion. They rare and benign tumors that can present in different clinical situations depending on location and extension of the disease. Diagnosis is obtained with radiological imaging with RM and non-enhanced TC as elective investigating methods. Elective treatment is surgery, based on total/subtotal excision sparring healthy neurovascular structures, considering the benign nature of this lesion. Case Report. In this study we present the case of a 79-year-old woman affected by recidivist epidermal cyst of the posterior fossa. Clinical presentation was characterized by positional subjective vertigo, intense headache localized in the right part of the head increased by Valsalva maneuver and retroarticular subcutaneous swelling. Radiological investigation found a giant epidemoid cyst of the posterior fossa (8,4 x 4,8 x 5,8 cm), treated with surgery. In the postoperative, the patient was fine and no neurological deficit has been encounterd. REVIEW. In this study, we present a review of the literature regarding giant epidermoid cysts of posterior fossa. Only 11 cases were reported before ours, which actually is one of the largest ever described.

scholarly journals A Case of Transient ACTH Deficiency Associated with Polymyalgia Rheumatica

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. JCM.S6215
Author(s):  
Hitoo Nishi ◽  
Yuichi Nishi ◽  
Masato Yagita ◽  
Yoshiko Tamaru ◽  
Sadayuki Matsumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Acth Deficiency ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Short Time

We report a case of 79-year-old man, who was diagnosed to have transient ACTH deficiency associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). The patient presented with sudden onset bilateral shoulder pain, which was gradually aggravated. Plasma ACTH was undetectable, and both serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were very low. Other pituitary hormones were normal, suggesting that hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is selectively damaged. However, within several weeks, plasma ACTH returned to normal, and showed a normal increase response to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test. These results indicated that ACTH deficiency was only transient. After hydrocortisone (10 mg/day) was administered, his symptoms became suddenly improved. Based on those results and clinical course, ie, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, negative rheumatoid factor and the typical symptoms, which showed improvement to glulcocorticoid therapy, the final diagnosis was PMR, which was associated with transient ACTH deficiency. This is the first report of a case of PMR, in which the HPA axis was examined in its very acute phase. It was demonstrated that the case was associated with the transient adrenocortical hypofunction, which was recovered during a short time. It is therefore possible that PMR may show a different responsiveness of HPA axis depending on its phases.

Temporal changes in activity during destruction of the thoracic ventral eclosion muscle of the tsetse fly

1991 ◽  
Vol 333 (1266) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Single Motor Unit ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Ionic Basis

The spontaneous intracellular activity of the thoracic ventral longitudinal eclosion muscle (VLEM ) of Glossina is described for the period from eclosion up to a short time before the final breakdown of recorded fibres. The VLEM comprises a single motor unit with no inhibitory input. The firing frequency of the motor unit declines over 5 h after eclosion and leg release. Over a period of inactivity lasting between 19-24 h in the sampled fibres, there is no loss of resting membrane potential and occasional miniature potentials. The inactivity is ended by the sudden onset of biphasic potentials very different in form to the motor potentials and having a greatly reduced amplitude. These potentials fired at 6 Hz, lasted 2-4 h and ended with a rise in frequency to 25 Hz. No further activity is recorded and the fibres are observed to lose their striations and rigor. Experiments to characterize the ionic basis of activity in the VLEM have been done on spontaneous and evoked activity. Like other insect muscles, the VLEM has a major Ca 2+ potential but unlike insect skeletal muscles, it also appears to have a TTX-sensitive component. This Na + component is revealed by pre-treating the system in Na + -free-choline saline, or by treatment with TEA in a Ca 2+ -free saline. Neither EGTA nor cobalt abolish this potential. Addition of EGTA does not inhibit nerve evoked activity suggesting that the VLEM neuromuscular junction is in some way protected. The similarity of this muscle to insect visceral muscles is discussed.

scholarly journals APLASTIC ANAEMIA – THERAPEUTIC AND DEONTOLOGICAL ASPECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Andreea Ligia Dinca ◽  
◽  
Oana Cristina Marginean ◽  
Lorena Elena Melit ◽  
Raluca Damian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aplastic Anemia ◽  
Aplastic Anaemia ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Bone Marrow Hypoplasia ◽  
Associated Conditions ◽  
Short Time

Aplastic Anemia is a severe potentially fatal hematological syndrome, characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia, with an occurrence rate of 2-6 cases per million per year. This case report is about a 9 year-old boy, with no pathological known antecedents, and a sudden onset, apparently without any pathological associated conditions, who was diagnosed with severe Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia, and a fulminate evolution. The lack of compliance of the parents regarding the therapy, and also the lack of a protective child’s legislation, led to patient’s death in a very short time.

scholarly journals Retrosigmoid Craniotomy for Resection of an Epidermoid Cyst of the Posterior Fossa

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (S 05) ◽  
pp. S411-S412
Author(s):  
M. Kalani ◽  
William Couldwell
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Epidermoid Cyst ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Cranial Nerve Function ◽  
Grade Ii

This video illustrates the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with sudden-onset headache, vertigo, and nausea. Imaging revealed an epidermoid cyst of the posterior fossa with mass effect upon the brainstem and displacement of the basilar artery. This lesion was approached using a left-sided keyhole retrosigmoid craniotomy with monitoring of the cranial nerves. This video illustrates the technique of internal debulking of the cyst contents with minimal manipulation of the cyst capsule, which is often densely adherent to the brainstem, cranial nerves, and vessels in the posterior fossa. Resection of the capsule is often associated with a higher rate of cranial nerve deficits. The tumor was removed completely, but the cyst capsule was left in place. The patient had House–Brackmann grade II facial paralysis postoperatively and complained of some diminished hearing in the left ear. Epidermoid cysts are benign tumors, but the patient may experience much morbidity from their overly aggressive resection, especially when the capsule is densely adhering to critical structures. An alternate strategy is to decompress the contents of the epidermoid cyst, thereby decompressing the brainstem and converting this disease process into a chronic disease that may require reoperation in the long term. Given the tight confines of the posterior fossa, aggressive internal decompression of tumors and mobilization from the brainstem and adjacent nerves are key to avoiding injury to the brainstem and cranial neuropathies. In patients with benign tumors, the goal of the operation should be decompression of the brainstem and preservation of cranial nerve function.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/nk8-VztB0OI.

Tension Pneumocephalus after Posterior Fossa Craniotomy

Neurosurgery ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Toung ◽  
Robert T. Donham ◽  
Anthony Lehner ◽  
Jean Alano ◽  
James Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Tension Pneumocephalus ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Abstract Four cases of tension pneumocephalus after either posterior fossa craniotomy or translabyrinthine resection of acoustic neuroma with or without nitrous oxide anesthesia are described. Three of the operations were performed with the patient in the sitting position, and one was done with the patient in the lateral position. Of the three cases operated in the sitting position, no nitrous oxide was used at any time during anesthesia in one. Two patients failed to regain consciousness after the termination of anesthesia, and the other two developed the sudden onset of neurological symptoms 1 to 1.5 hours after the operation. In all cases computed tomography disclosed a large subdural collection of air. Re-exploration of the surgical wound or twist drill aspiration of the subdural air resulted in prompt recovery of neurological status in three patients, whereas the other patient's neurological status improved gradually without any specific treatment. The role played by nitrous oxide, the mechanisms by which air enters the intracranial space, the contributory factors, and the predisposing surgical conditions of tension pneumocephalus are reviewed and discussed. Dependent drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid, especially in a patient with coexisting hydrocephalus, seems to be the most important factor for the development of this complication.

scholarly journals Syringobulbia in Patients with Chiari Malformation Type I: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shen ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Kaiyuan Huang ◽  
Yixin Wu ◽  
Jianwei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Posterior Fossa Decompression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Chiari Malformation Type I

This study aimed to summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of Chiari malformation type I- (CM-1-) associated syringobulbia. We performed a literature review of CM-1-associated syringobulbia in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. Our concerns were the clinical features, radiologic presentations, treatment therapies, and prognoses of CM-1-associated syringobulbia. This review identified 23 articles with 53 cases. Symptoms included headache, neck pain, cranial nerve palsy, limb weakness/dysesthesia, Horner syndrome, ataxia, and respiratory disorders. The most frequently involved area was the medulla. Most of the patients also had syringomyelia. Surgical procedures performed included posterior fossa decompression, foramen magnum decompression, cervical laminectomy, duraplasty, and syringobulbic cavity shunt. Most patients experienced symptom alleviation or resolution postoperatively. A syringobulbic cavity shunt provided good results in refractory cases. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of syringobulbia in CM-1 patients, especially those with symptoms of sudden-onset brain-stem involvement. The diagnosis relies on the disorder’s specific symptomatology and magnetic resonance imaging. Our review suggests that the initial therapy should be posterior fossa decomposition with or without duraplasty. In refractory cases, additional syringobulbic cavity shunt is the preferred option.

What the replication reformation wrought

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Spellman ◽  
Daniel Kahneman
Keyword(s):  
Reform Movement ◽  
Short Time

AbstractReplication failures were among the triggers of a reform movement which, in a very short time, has been enormously useful in raising standards and improving methods. As a result, the massive multilab multi-experiment replication projects have served their purpose and will die out. We describe other types of replications – both friendly and adversarial – that should continue to be beneficial.

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