scholarly journals Fortificazioni della Tunisia contese tra Spagnoli e Turchi a metà del secolo XVI, documentate dall’iconografia coeva. Un’analisi dal ter-ritorio all’architettura

X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Davico
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Cadiz Bay ◽  
State Archives

Tunisian fortifications disputed between Spaniards and Turks in the mid-sixteenth century, documented by coeval iconography. An analysis from the territory to the architectureThe five volumes of the precious archival collection of drawings called Architettura Militare (Military Architecture), kept at the Archivio di Stato di Torino (Turin State Archive), propose documents made mostly by military engineers from the half of the sixteenth to the following first decade. The tomes collect mostly drawings of places under the aegis of the Duchy of Savoy, apart from the second one, dedicated to documents of Spanish military interest (Mediterranean Sea and Lombardy maps). As I pointed out at Fortmed Convention 2018, the reason why these documents are kept at the Turin State Archives is because of their belonging to Catherine of Aragon, daughter of the Spanish king and wife of Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia. In the volume Architettura Militare II (Military Architecture II) 26 tables, all datable from 1522 (Rhodes) to 1596 (Cadiz), concern territories, walled cities and fortifications, of islands and Mediterranean coasts, disputed by Christians and Turks for the supremacy on the sea. In the previous study I had examined drawings about Egypt, eastern Ottoman territories and Holy Land coasts, Spanish possessions as Perpignan and Cadiz bay. In this new study instead, I would like to examine in depth the iconography about Tunisia. Those drawings, so different from each other for scale and graphic quality, document those phases in which the Spanish control is characterized by alternate situations: the Iberian presidio dates back to 1535, reconquered by Ottomans in 1570, it is taken back in three years by Christians who keep it until 1574 only, when the whole Tunisian territory, precious bastion for the control of routes and trades, definitely returns in the hands of the Turks.

Possibilities for the Digitization of Craftsmen Associations Fonds in Međimurje and Koprivnička Podravina

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Jasna Požgan ◽  
Ivana Posedi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Individual Series

The authors discuss the issue of digitization of craft associations’ fonds kept by the State Archives for Međimurje and the State Archives in Varaždin, in the Archival Collection Centre Koprivnica. The paper includes an analysis of possible models of digitization of the aforementioned archival records, i.e. its individual series, which would be interesting to researchers.

scholarly journals Historyczne plany Lublina w zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Lublinie. Cz. 1: obszar całego miasta

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 135-196
Author(s):  
Piotr Dymmel
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Basic Work ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The 19Th Century

Autor zajmuje się planami Lublina, które przedstawiają cały obszar miasta w historycznym rozwoju. Plany Lublina nie tworzą dziś zwartego zbioru zgromadzonego w jednym miejscu. Ze względu na swoje funkcje, czas i okoliczności powstania, a także postać fizyczną są rozproszone zarówno w sensie przestrzennym, jak i instytucjonalnym. Najwięcej zabytków kartograficznych, przedstawiających obszar Lublina, zachowało się w archiwach państwowych w Polsce, z kolei spośród nich największy zbiór posiada Archiwum Państwowe w Lublinie. Sytuacja ta wynika zasadniczo z urzędowego charakteru tych materiałów, które od początku XIX w. były tworzone głównie dla potrzeb władz i urzędów państwowych oraz miejskich w ramach pełnionych przez nie funkcji. Powstawały one przy okazji dokumentowania różnych czynności, związanych m.in. ze zmianami własnościowymi, projektowaniem budowlanym, planowaniem urbanistycznym i zagospodarowaniem przestrzennym. Wiedza na ich temat jest niepełna, co powoduje, że stan rozpoznania i zinwentaryzowania lubelskich planów nie jest jeszcze kompletny. W Archiwum Państwowym w Lublinie jest przechowywanych około 50 planów przedstawiających całą przestrzeń Lublina. Pochodzą one z okresu prawie dwóch stuleci, od końca XVIII do połowy XX w. Plany znajdują się w różnych zespołach archiwalnych, występują w postaci kolekcji tworzonej przez pojedyncze zabytki kartograficzne lub znajdują się w ramach poszczególnych zespołów, jako dokumentacja spraw tworzona w wyniku działalności urzędów. Rozproszenie materiałów kartograficznych powoduje w konsekwencji potrzebę ich rozpoznania i opisania. Zadaniem autora jest wykonanie prac podstawowych związanych z poszukiwaniem i rejestracją oraz analizą i opisem zachowanych zabytków kartograficznych. Historical Maps of Lublin in the Collection of the State Archives in Lublin Part I: the Area of the Entire City The author discusses the maps of Lublin that present the entire area of the city in historical development. Today, the maps of Lublin do not form a coherent collection gathered in one place: on account of their functions, time, and the circumstances of their creation and also of their physical form they are dispersed, both in the spatial and institutional sense. Most of cartographic relics representing the area of Lublin are preserved in the State Archives all over Poland; the greatest collection is in turn stored in the State Archive in Lublin. This situation stems mainly from the official character of these materials which, from the beginning or the 19th century, were created generally for the needs of the authorities and state and city offices as part of their functions. They were created alongside with the documentation of various activities connected with, inter alia, changes of ownerships, construction design, urban planning, and spatial development. The knowledge on their subject is not complete – consequently, the state of identification and inventory of Lublin map is not yet complete. In the State Archive in Lublin about 50 maps representing the entire area of Lublin are stored. They come from the period of almost two centuries, from the late 18th century to the mid-20th century. The maps are kept in various archival fonds, they appear in the form of collections created by single, cartographic pieces or are within particular fonds as the documentation of cases created as a result of the activity of the offices. Consequently, the dispersion of cartographic materials necessitates their identification and description. The author’s task is to carry out the basic work connected with the search, registration, analysis, and description of the preserved cartographic materials.

Performing Virtual Pilgrimage: Somaesthetics and Holy Land Devotion at San Vivaldo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allie Terry-Fritsch
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Performative Space ◽  
Mindful Engagement ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The City

Chapter Four examines the somaesthetic experience of the Nuova Gerusalemme di San Vivaldo, a virtual holy land that was constructed by Franciscan friars from Florence in a Tuscan forest in the first decade of the sixteenth century. Designed to emulate key aspects of the Renaissance experience of Jerusalem, San Vivaldo offered a performative space for pilgrims to construct personalized memories of the Holy Land without ever touching its soil. The chapter investigates the affective enhancement of devotion through somaesthetic conditioning and questions the Franciscan founders’ political motivations for building such an interactive and full-bodied experience of the Holy Land, particularly in the period after the Medici were exiled from the city and Fra Girolamo Savonarola burned at the stake. As the chapter reveals, the mindful engagement with the artistic program was an effective strategy to legitimate both the place and the whose practiced it.

scholarly journals Planning Bastions:

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Pieter Martens
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Critical Moment

In the sixteenth century, chronic wars and a high concentration of towns made the Low Countries one of Europe's prime laboratories for innovations in military architecture and urbanism. The 1553 inspection tour of the region by engineers Giovanni Maria Olgiati and Sebastian van Noyen marked the assimilation of “Italian-style” fortifications into Netherlandish practice and the transition there from defenses with bastions to proper bastioned systems. Olgiati and Van Noyen's joint tour is well documented through a dozen design drawings now held at the Vatican Library, Turin's Archivio di Stato, and Madrid's Palacio Real, as well as a closely related atlas in Turin and complementary archival records. As Pieter Martens discusses in Planning Bastions: Olgiati and Van Noyen in the Low Countries in 1553, these materials, including many hitherto unknown plans, provide new insights into the design process, offer a unique panorama of the Low Countries' border defenses at this critical moment, and illuminate the genesis and spread of bastioned fortifications in Europe.

IV. John Lingard and the Simancas Archives

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Edwin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English History ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Source Materials

John Lingard (1771–1851) was the first English historian to attempt to look at the history of England in the sixteenth century from an international point of view. He was unconvinced by the story of the Reformation in England as found in the works of previous historians such as Burnet and Hume, and believed that new light needed to be thrown on the subject. One way of doing this was to look at English history from the outside, so to speak, and Lingard held it to be a duty of the historian ‘to contrast foreign with native authorities, to hold the balance between them with an equal hand, and, forgetting that he is an Englishman, to judge impartially as a citizen of the world’. In pursuit of this ideal Lingard can be said to have given a new dimension to the source materials for English history. As parish priest in the small village of Hornby, near Lancaster, Lingard had few opportunities for travel. But he made good use of his various friends and former pupils at Douai and Ushaw colleges who were settled now in various parts of Europe. It was with the help of these friends that Lingard made contacts with and gained valuable information from archives in France, Italy and Spain. We shall concern ourselves here only with the story of Lingard's contacts with the great Spanish State Archives at Simancas.

Enshrined Fortification: A Trialogue on the Rise and Fall of Safed

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-290
Author(s):  
Uri Zvi Shachar
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Military Architecture ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Ritual Spaces

The study of castles has formed a major part of crusade historiography since its inception in the early nineteenth century. Fortification has been taken to represent the magnificence of the efforts to rule the Holy Land and the battle between Christianity and Islam. Recently, however, scholars have recognised that, inasmuch as castles were celebrated as the epitomes of resilience and hostility, military architecture was far more dialogical than previously noticed. The design of castles involved a highly nuanced familiarity with the culture from which they were intended to defend. This article seeks to show that not only the physical characteristics of castles but also ideas about what made them religiously successful, in their capacity to enact and protect ritual spaces, were shaped through a dynamic inter-religious dialogue. Taking Safed as a case study, this article brings together three narratives—in Latin, Arabic and Hebrew—that share the attempt to laud the castle by drawing a dialectic between its strategic might and the sanctity of the soil upon which it is built. While the three accounts differ radically in their political stakes, the rhetorical strategies they employ in order to contemplate the spiritual efficacy of the castle is profoundly entangled.

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