scholarly journals Extending the concept of the morphological frame: a case study of Tangshan old military airport

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Song ◽  
Rongxi Peng ◽  
Zijiao Zhang ◽  
Yixi Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Plan Analysis ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Social Use ◽  
The Impact

Extending the concept of the morphological frame: a case study of Tangshan old military airport Rongxi Peng, Zijiao Zhang, Yixi Li, Feng Song* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University. 100871 Beijing E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]*(corresponding author)Telephone Number: +86 132-6990-0350, +86 139-1013-6101* Keywords: China, morphological frame, three-dimensional view, airport Conference topics and scale: Urban form and social use of space/ City transformations/ Stages in territorial configuration   The concept of the morphological frame is important in urban morphology, but it has been discussed much less than other critical concepts, such as the fringe belt and the fixation line.  Passing its features on as inherited outlines, the morphological frame contains not only the linear fixation line, but also ground plan and three-dimensional aspects.  In this research, the linear, ground plan, and three-dimensional morphological frame of Tangshan old military airport during the expansion of the city after the removal of the airport is identified.  The former boundary roads of the airport exert obvious influences on the division of plots.  The former arterial roads also function as a linear morphological frame.  In relation to the ground plan, property rights and plots containing important buildings have an impact on the consequent town plan.  The distinct feature of the morphological frame of the airport is its three-dimensional constraint, i.e. the vertical clearance requirement, which restricted the height of surrounding buildings.  The impact of this institutional limit can last a very long time owing to the high cost of demolishing the old surrounding buildings or adding extra storeys even if the limit ceased to exist with the removal of the airport.  Based on this case study, this paper refines and extends the connotation of the concept of the morphological frame and further discusses the relationship between function and form.   References Conzen, M. P. (2009) ‘How cities internalize their former urban fringes: a cross-cultural comparison’, Urban Morphology 13(1), 29. Conzen, M. R. G. (1969) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis (Institute of British Geographers, London). Lin, Y., De Meulder, B. and Wang, S. (2011) ‘From village to metropolis: a case of morphological transformation in Guangzhou, China’, Urban Morphology 15(1), 5-20. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001) ‘British urban morphology: the Conzenion tradition’, Urban Morphology 5(2), 103-109. Whitehand, J. W. R., Conzen, M. P. and Gu, K. (2016) ‘Plan analysis of historical cities: a Sino-European comparison’, Urban Morphology 20(2), 139-158.

scholarly journals Recovering the Habitat concept within Urban Morphology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Marat-Mendes ◽  
Maria Amélia Cabrita
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Dimensions

The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.

The impact of the primary canine premature extraction on the sagittal, vertical and transversal dimensions of the bone tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Ad. A. Mamedov ◽  
T. V. Timoshenko ◽  
T. S. Gutnikova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
Suggested Technique ◽  
Present Case Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Primary Canine

Relevance. The article studies the primary canine premature extraction as the cause of three-dimensional (sagittal, transversal, vertical) bone underdevelopment in the area of the extracted tooth. The research is relevant as there are insufficient data in the scientific literature on this topic and the prevalence of premature primary canine extraction for therapeutic and orthodontic indications is high.Materials and methods. The present case study developed a special technique for bone volume measurement in all planes by CBCT.Results. Several CBCTs of one patient over the period of three years were analyzed according to the suggested technique. The calculations demonstrated significant sagittal and vertical bone loss.Conclusions. The results of the research allowed us to conclude that premature extraction of the primary canines leads to the significant sagittal and vertical bone loss. Besides, no increase in the intercanine distance was detected despite the patient’s growth spurt.

scholarly journals Measuring urban form: Overcoming terminological inconsistencies for a quantitative and comprehensive morphologic analysis of cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 239980832091044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fleischmann ◽  
Ombretta Romice ◽  
Sergio Porta
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
The Impact

Unprecedented urbanisation processes characterise the Great Acceleration, urging urban researchers to make sense of data analysis in support of evidence-based and large-scale decision-making. Urban morphologists are no exception since the impact of urban form on fundamental natural and social patterns (equity, prosperity and resource consumption’s efficiency) is now fully acknowledged. However, urban morphology is still far from offering a comprehensive and reliable framework for quantitative analysis. Despite remarkable progress since its emergence in the late 1950s, the discipline still exhibits significant terminological inconsistencies with regards to the definition of the fundamental components of urban form, which prevents the establishment of objective models for measuring it. In this article, we present a study of existing methods for measuring urban form, with a focus on terminological inconsistencies, and propose a systematic and comprehensive framework to classify urban form characters, where ‘urban form character’ stands for a characteristic (or feature) of one kind of urban form that distinguishes it from another kind. In particular, we introduce the Index of Elements that allows for a univocal and non-interpretive description of urban form characters. Based on such Index of Elements, we develop a systematic classification of urban form according to six categories (dimension, shape, spatial distribution, intensity, connectivity and diversity) and three conceptual scales (small, medium, large) based on two definitions of scale (extent and grain). This framework is then applied to identify and organise the urban form characters adopted in available literature to date. The resulting classification of urban form characters reveals clear gaps in existing research, in particular, in relation to the spatial distribution and diversity characters. The proposed framework reduces the current inconsistencies of urban morphology research, paving the way to enhanced methods of urban form systematic and quantitative analysis at a global scale.

Can the Deforestation Breeze Change the Rainfall in Amazonia? A Case Study for the BR-163 Highway Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra I. Saad ◽  
Humberto R. da Rocha ◽  
Maria A. F. Silva Dias ◽  
Rafael Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Thermal Cell ◽  
Soil Wetness ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The authors simulated the effects of Amazonian mesoscale deforestation in the boundary layer and in rainfall with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) model. They found that both the area and shape (with respect to wind incidence) of deforestation and the soil moisture status contributed to the state of the atmosphere during the time scale of several weeks, with distinguishable patterns of temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Deforestation resulted in the development of a three-dimensional thermal cell, the so-called deforestation breeze, slightly shifted downwind to large-scale circulation. The boundary layer was warmer and drier above 1000-m height and was slightly wetter up to 2000-m height. Soil wetness affected the circulation energetics proportionally to the soil dryness (for soil wetness below ∼0.6). The shape of the deforestation controlled the impact on rainfall. The horizontal strips lined up with the prevailing wind showed a dominant increase in rainfall, significant up to about 60 000 km2. On the other hand, in the patches aligned in the opposite direction (north–south), there was both increase and decrease in precipitation in two distinct regions, as a result of clearly separated upward and downward branches, which caused the precipitation to increase for patches up to 15 000 km2. The authors’ estimates for the size of deforestation impacting the rainfall contributed to fill up the low spatial resolution in other previous studies.

scholarly journals Research on the fringe belts of Shangqiu, China: a morphogenetic approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Shi ◽  
Zijing Shen ◽  
Xirui Feng ◽  
Shuying Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Western World ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Peking University ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Social Use ◽  
Morphogenetic Analysis

Research on the fringe belts of Shangqiu, China: a morphogenetic approach Zijing Shen, Xirui Feng, Shuying Cheng, Yanhui Shi* College of Urban and Environmental Sciences. Peking University. Beijing. China 100871 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]*   Keywords: fringe belts, morphogenetic analysis, ancient Shangqiu; concentric Conference topic: Urban form and social use of space   The concept of the fringe belt has, in recent years, been studied quite widely in the Western world.  Fringe belts were first recognized in Europe, primarily in relation to city walls.  In China, fringe belts have been rarely studied, despite their very widespread occurrence.  Yet China provides a highly complex world of urban morphological phenomena related to cultural settings substantially different from those in the West. In relation to both a long urban history and recent rapid processes of industrialization and urbanization, the fringe belts of Chinese cities deserve more in-depth research.  To rectify this deficiency, this paper examines the developmental process and form of the fringe belts of Shangqiu (including both ancient Shangqiu and modern Shangqiu) as a central focus, using the basic methods of morphogenetic analysis.  Since the Ming Dynasty the existence of fringe belts in Shangqui relates to double fixation lines (double city walls, the space between which is water for defence against invasion and flood).  Since 1949, a new core developed outside ancient Shangqiu.  In time, due to the alteration of the city’s organizational system and rapid expansion of modern Shangqiu, the whole of ancient Shangqiu, as well as its fringe belts, has become part of the fringe-belts system of modern Shangqiu.  The development of the fringe belts of Shangqiu shows a different pattern from a concentric town such as Alnwick. This finding extends and refines the understanding of fringe belts.   References: Louis, H. (1936) ‘Die geographische Gliederung von Gross-Berlin’, Länderkundliche Forschung: Krebs Festschrift (Engelhorn, Stuttgart) 146-71. Conzen, M. R. G. (1969) Alnwick, Northumberland: a study in town-plan analysis Institute of British Geographers Publication 27 (George Philip, London). 

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