Estimating the Photovoltaic Potential of Building Facades and Roofs Using the Industry Foundation Classes

Photovoltaic energy generation has gained wide attention owing to its efficiency and environmental benefits. Therefore, it has become important to accurately evaluate the photovoltaic energy generation potential of building surfaces. As the number of building floors increases, the area of the facades becomes much larger than that of the roof, providing improved potential for photovoltaic equipment installation. Conventional urban solar potential evaluation methods are usually based on light detection and ranging (LiDAR). However, LiDAR can only be used in existing buildings, and the lack of semantic information in the point cloud data generated by LiDAR makes it impossible to evaluate the photovoltaic potential of facades (including details such as windows) in detail and with accuracy. In this study, we developed a method to accurately extract facades and roofs in order to evaluate photovoltaic potential based on the Industry Foundation Classes. To verify the feasibility of this approach, we used a building from Xuzhou city, Jiangsu province, China. The simulation results indicate that, out of the total building photovoltaic installable area (8995 m2), that of the facade is 8240 m2. The photovoltaic potential of the simulated building could reach 1054.69 MWh/year. The sensitivity studies of the grid resolution, the time interval and the computation time confirmed the reasonability of the determined conditions. The method proposed offers great potential for energy planning departments and the improved utilization of buildings.

Ancient Starch Remains Reveal the Vegetal Diet of the Neolithic Late Dawenkou Culture in Jiangsu, East China

The Liangwangcheng site, located in Pizhou County, Xuzhou City, northern Jiangsu Province, is one of the most important Neolithic Dawenkou Culture archeological sites in the Haidai area of China’s eastern seaboard. In recent years, archaeobotanical studies in the Haidai area, mainly focusing on Shandong Province, have yielded fruitful results, while relatively few such studies have been undertaken in northern Jiangsu Province. Here, we report the results of dental residue analysis conducted on 31 individual human skulls unearthed from the Late Dawenkou Culture Liangwangcheng site. The starch granules extracted from these residue samples indicate that foxtail and broomcorn millet, rice, roots and tubers, and legumes comprised the vegetal diet of Liangwangcheng’s occupants. Evidence suggests that mixed rice–millet agriculture played a definite role, with the coexistence of gathering as an economic element. According to archaeobotanical evidence from surrounding cotemporaneous sites, the Late Neolithic human groups that lived in the lower Huang-Huai River drainage shared similar subsistence patterns. Our results provide new evidence for a more comprehensive understanding of plant resource utilization and agricultural development in northern Jiangsu during the Dawenkou period.

AESTHETIC EVALUATION OF PLANT LANDSCAPE BASED ON PRINCIPAL FACTOR ANALYSIS AND SBE IN WETLAND PARK – A CASE STUDY OF JINLONG LAKE WETLAND PARK (CHINA)

The aesthetic value of 35 plant landscape samples of Jinlong lake wetland park in Xuzhou city of China were evaluated with principal factor analysis and SBE method. The results showed that: The SBE value of 35 plant landscape samples fluctuated greatly and the evaluation value of the principal factor did not change much. The order of SBE mean values of different types was: plant landscape on both sides of the roads > plant landscape beside buildings and surroundings > typical plant community > waterfront plant landscape. The order of value of the principal factor analysis of different types was: plant landscape on both sides of the roads > typical plant community > plant landscape beside buildings and surroundings > waterfront plant landscape. The principal factor evaluation method contained more than 90% information of seven evaluation factors, while the SBE method mainly evaluated from “plant aesthetic factors”. The satisfaction of waterfront plant landscape was low, the transformation of plant landscape should focus on increasing the species of waterfront plants, especially native plants, building natural revetments, creating rich canopy lines.

Escalation

This chapter details how, by the end of June 1967, the lines of factional conflict in Feng County were sharply drawn, with no resolution in sight. Each faction, Paolian and Liansi, had firm backing from different branches of the military hierarchy. Paolian relied heavily on the soldiers from the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) 68th Army, while Liansi relied on the People's Armed Department (PAD) and its network of militia that reached into rural communes. As the battle lines were drawn, each side sent delegations to the prefecture capital in Xuzhou, seeking support from either the Xuzhou Garrison, controlled by the 68th Army, or the military subdistrict headquarters, which was in charge of county-level PADs. What these delegations did not initially know was that similar factional conflicts had already developed in Xuzhou City, stimulating rebel defiance of the political order imposed by the 68th Army. This served to deepen the conflicts in Feng County and led to the escalation of violence.

Evaluation and Optimization of Urban Basic Education Facilities Layout based on GIS——A Case Study in Xuzhou, China

The layout of educational facilities has become a hot topic in urban geography research. Guides by rational demand consensus, typical human settlements extraction and matching of physical property planning, this paper constructs an evaluation system for the spatial layout of urban basic education facilities from the perspective of “Homo-Urbanicus” theory. The content includes the evaluation of accessibility, evaluation of bearing pressure, classification of layout types, selection and analysis of excellent communities. This paper conducts an empirical research on the basic education facilities of kindergartens, elementary schools and middle schools in the main urban area of Xuzhou City. And then, we delineated excellent community, standard communities, under-covered communities, overstressed communities, undeveloped communities on the basis of evaluation results. Finally, we selected sample communities for analysis, and put forward relevant optimization strategies.

Optimization of urban scenic spot planning based on ecological chain and reversed-planning theory—Using Yunlong Lake in Xuzhou city as an example

Modernized urban organization relies more on the foundation of ecological infrastructure (EI) with the planning objectives based more on synthetical benefits of economy, society and ecological environment. The effect of multiple factors ought to be taken into consideration in the urban scenic spot planning and and the process of formulating the related plan faces a challenge of how to organically bound environmental factors to tour function of urban scenic spot. This thesis, taking YunLong Lake, a scenic spot in XuZhou, JiangSu province as an example, studies how to ameliorate the planning of urban scenic spot combined with the ecological chain and reversed-planning theory. The result shows that utilizing the theory flexibly when analyzing the urban scenic spot planning design can ensure the existing ecological connection between each system and maintain the ecological stability of urban scenic spot. Thus, with the basis of ecological chain and reversed-planning theory, this paper puts forward a new planning concept and work flow, in order to provide new ideas for modernized urban scenic spot planning.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ЗНАКОВА СИСТЕМА ВІЗУАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСТ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДІАЛОГУ КУЛЬТУР СХОДУ І ЗАХОДУ

The purpose of the study is to reveal the characteristic artistic and figurative specifics of the social sign system’s organization patterns of visual spaces of China and Poland in the context of contrasting worldviews, mental, ethnic features of the population. Methodology. Historical method, method of visual observation, method of system-comparative analysis, method of artistic-compositional analysis. Results. The specifics of the social sign system’s organization in the urbanenvironments of China (the case of Xuzhou city) and Poland (the case of Opole city) are analyzed; the influence of worldview, mental and ethnic peculiarities of the populatio on the formation of aesthetic traditions of artistic activity in the public space of cities is assessed; a comparative analysis of the eastern and western artistic and figurative tendencies is carried out; the key focuses of strategies for organizing the visual field of cities are described. Scientific novelty. Cities’ visual space social sign system in the context of the opposition of aesthetic, artistic and figurative tendencies of China and Poland is studied; the socio-cultural preconditions for the formation of Chinese and Polish social sign system’s specific features of are revealed. Practical significance. The results of the research can become a theoretical, factual basis for the development of general and special courses in art history studies, as well as the basis of practical programs for the transformation of modern cities’ visual spaces.