scholarly journals Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Roopashri ◽  
MR Vaishali ◽  
Maria Priscilla David ◽  
Muqeet Baig ◽  
Uma Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Background and objective The elongated styloid process may produce characteristic head and neck pain syndromes, commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. An awareness of this syndrome is important to all health practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neck and head pain. It has been estimated that 2 to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic appearance of elongated styloid process. The objective of the study was to assess the elongation of styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of elongation according to age, sex and types. Results Elongated styloid process was seen in 107 subjects out of 300 patients who were aged between 10 and 70 years old. Our study revealed that as age increased elongation of styloid process increased with female predominance. Type 1 elongation was most common than the other types of elongation. We also found that left styloids were elongated than the right with bilateral elongation. Conclusion Panoramic radiographs can show a correct picture of elongated styloid process which can confirm the diagnosis and can thus help avoid misinterpretation of the symptoms as tonsillar pain or pain of dental, pharyngeal or muscular origin and hence panoramic radiography is economical and the best imaging modality to view the elongation of styloid process. How to cite this article Roopashri G, Vaishali MR, David MP, Baig M, Shankar U. Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):618-622.

scholarly journals Prevalence of elongated styloid process in Saudi population of Aseer region

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Asif Shaik ◽  
Sultan Mohammed Kaleem ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shahul Hameed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology and calcification pattern of elongated styloid process in Saudi population of Aseer (Southern) region and its relation to gender and sub-age groups. Materials and Methods: This study was analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 1,162 adults. Any radiograph with questionable styloid process was excluded from the study. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured by a single experienced dental and maxillofacial Radiologist. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The data were analyzed by using Student′s t-test and Chi-square test with P value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 1,085 Digital panoramic radiographs showed elongated styloid process of which 686 (63.2%) were noticed in males and 399 (36.8%) were noticed in female patients. There was a statistical significant difference noticed in the mean difference of elongated styloid process between 20-29, 50-59 and 60 years and above sub-age groups. The elongated styloid process was more prevalent in elderly aged male patients (P < 0.05). Type I morphology with calcified out line (a) was the most frequent pattern of calcification noticed in the present study.Conclusion: The panoramic radiographs are economical, easily accessible and useful diagnostic tool for early detection of elongated styloid process with or without symptoms. However, studies with larger sample size would further help to assess the prevalence of this elongated styloid process in Saudi population of various other regions.

Incidence of the Type and Calcification Patterns in Patients with Elongated Styloid Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ilgüy ◽  
D Ilgüy ◽  
N Güler ◽  
G Bayirli
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Type I ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

We investigated the incidence of elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome) using panoramic radiographs taken of 860 patients referred to our clinic. Any styloid process identified was classified according to its length, type and the pattern of calcification. Fifty-nine elongated styloid processes were identified in 32 patients (3.7%), most being bilateral; 24 patients were female and eight were male (female/male ratio: 3:1). The mean age of these patients was 43 ± 14 years (range: 18 − 78 years). Type I (elongated) was the most frequent type on both sides (42/59); and the most frequent patterns of calcification were partially calcified on the left side (18/59) and completely calcified on the right side (16/59). Only two patients were symptomatic. A corrected differential diagnosis is important to distinguish elongated styloid process from other pathologies with partially overlapping symptoms. We would recommend that clinicians consider the possibility of Eagle's syndrome when both the clinical and radiographic evidence support this diagnosis.

scholarly journals Styloid process elongation in a sample of Lebanese population: a consideration for the prevention of Eagle syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Aoun ◽  
Nour Srour ◽  
Abbass El-Outa ◽  
Ibrahim Nasseh
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Lebanese Population ◽  
Eagle Syndrome ◽  
The Right

Background. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and patterns of styloid process elongation in a general Lebanese population sample. Methods. Digital panoramic radiographs of 489 Lebanese adults (218 males and 271 females, mean age of 47.56 ± 16.149) were included in this retrospective study. First, we screened for detection of elongated styloid process, then we analyzed these cases and classified the elongation types. Data obtained were transformed into SPSS v24 and descriptive and inferential analyses were done.  Results. In our sample, elongated styloid process was seen in 76 cases (15.5%) (45/271 women and 31/218 men). Despite no significant gender predisposition, females were slightly more affected than males (59.2% females to 40.8% males). As for the age, elongation was significantly more likely to be present at 45-64 years of age. The right side was slightly more affected than the left side (86.8% vs. 76.3% respectively), with type 1 elongation as the most common. Nevertheless, bilateral elongation was much more common than unilateral elongation (63.2%). Interestingly, females were more likely to suffer from bilateral elongation (64.58%) compared to men (35.41%). Conclusion. Elongated styloid process represents a common finding detected fortuitously on panoramic radiographs. Therefore, being a main feature in Eagle syndrome, dentists should be aware of this clinical entity and actively screen for it.

scholarly journals Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Machado de Andrade ◽  
Carolina Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Plauto C. Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Process Length

Knowledge of the Eagle's syndrome shows that its symptoms can be very easily confused with other types of craniomandibular disorders, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to find a possible correlation between the presence of TMD and elongation of the styloid process as well relate to presence of calcification of the stilohyoid chain. Fifty patients with TMD, confirmed from the RDC/TMD, were examined clinically and radiographically. Radiographic documentation consisted of digital panoramic radiograph and digital lateral cephalometric radiograph. Radiocef software (Radiomemory) was used for the analysis of radiographs by means of specific cephalometric tracing and linear measurements of the styloid process. Each radiograph was traced and measured three times with intervals of 1 month to spread the error. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's test (p=0.001) using Biostat 4.0 statistical software. Result showed an incidence of 76% elongation of the styloid process in the sample. There was a correlation between the bilateral measures taken in panoramic radiographs (?<0.001) and also for measures of styloid process length carried out in different panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs (?<0.001). It was concluded that there is prevalence of elongated styloid process in patients with TMD. However, no relationship was found between measurements on the stylohyoid chain and symptoms of headache, orofacial pain, tinnitus and vertigo.

scholarly journals Estimation of ulna length as a predictor of height in Nepalese male adult population

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prasad Sah ◽  
Gopal Rana ◽  
Ravi Kumar Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
The Right ◽  
Living Adult

Introduction: Stature estimation from the skeletal remains bears immense importance for the anatomist, an­thropologist for the forensic experts. It is conventionally used long bones, the humerus, femur, tibia, etc. Ulna has also been used for the said purpose since 1952. An attempt was made to formulate a linear regression equation for the estimation of the stature of living adult population from the lengths of their ulna. Methods: This study was conducted in the M.B. Kedia Dental College Birgunj from January 2017 to December 2017and participants were chosen from among the patients and their attendants in the OPD. The height was measured from the crown to the heel and the length of the ulna was measured from the tip of the olecranon process to the tip of the styloid process. The documented data was calculated by the standard statistical software. Results: The parameters were tabulated and statistically analyzed. The correlation coefficient (r) was found to be 0.399 (p<0.001) for the left ulna with stature and it was 0.486 (p<0.001) for the right ulna with stature. Supportive regression equations and scatter-plot diagrams could successfully interpret the height from the ulna length of the adult male population. Conclusion: The ulna being almost a percutaneous bone, it can be used for the prediction of the height. The ulna length provides an accurate and reliable means in estimating the height of an individual. The regression formulae which were proposed in this study will be useful for clinicians, anatomists, archeologists, anthropologists and forensic scientists when such evidence provides the investigator the only op­portunity to gauge that aspect of an individual’s physical description.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Riyadh Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lingam Amara Swapna ◽  
Nada Tarek AlMegbil ◽  
Alhanouf Othman Almutlaq ◽  
Pradeep Koppolu
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Orofacial Region ◽  
Measuring Tool

Background. Patients with an elongated styloid process might present with dysphagia and pain in the cervicofacial region. These patients could be misdiagnosed as other orofacial pathologies. Aim. The present study attempted to assess the prevalence of the elongated styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs in the Riyadh population. Materials and Methods. The present prospective randomized study was conducted on the panoramic digital radiographs of 300 randomly selected patients visiting a private dental hospital to identify any elongation of the styloid process. Only the radiographs without any magnification errors were considered. The styloid process length was measured using the Sidexis measuring tool and entered in an Excel spreadsheet with other demographic data. A length beyond 30 mm was considered styloid process elongation. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The symptoms of styloid process elongation were higher among females (78.6%), and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.182; P = 0.007 ). No statistically significant association was observed between styloid process elongation and symptoms between different age groups. Females exhibited a significant longer mean length of the styloid process than males. The present study exhibited a 27.3% prevalence for the elongation and calcification of the styloid process. Conclusion. Given the significant prevalence of the elongated styloid process in our study, we recommend it to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis for pain or discomfort in the orofacial region.

scholarly journals Elongated styloid process in a dry human skull and its relation to the Eagle’s Syndrome: case report and biometrical assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e961998374
Author(s):  
Jaiurte Gomes Martins da Silva ◽  
Glícia Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Ewerton Fylipe de Araújo Silva ◽  
Adriane Barbosa Fernandes Silva ◽  
Edla Vitória Santos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Female Individual ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
The Right

The purpose of the present study was to report a case of an elongated styloid process in a dry human skull and present its biometrical values. The styloid processes of the skull from an 80-year-old Brazilian female individual were inspected and 10 measures were performed bilaterally. Despite small differences between the right and left styloid processes regarding the antero-posterior and lateral-medial widths on the three thirds measured, one must highlight the considerable differences showed on the total length of the styloid process (left side: 65.94; right side: 28.90) and on the length of the sheath of the styloid process, which was of 30.01mm on the left side and it was not acquired on the right side because of its small dimensions.  The paper discusses its findings from an anatomical and clinical perspectives, providing anatomical basis for a better understanding of the Eagle’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Elongated Styloid Process in Panoramic Radiographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz de Carvalho ◽  
Lorena Guimarães Valente ◽  
Larissa Victória Barbosa Freitas ◽  
João Marcelo Ferreira de Medeiros ◽  
André Alencar de Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bone Lengthening ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Northern Brazil

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the elongated styloid process in panoramic radiographic exams, in a subpopulation of northern Brazil in relation to age, sex and side. Panoramic radiographs were selected, and the apparent size of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid leaves the tympanic plate to the tip of the process. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and variance analysis with a 5% significance level. Approximately 30% of the elongated styloid process was observed in patients between 18 to 35 years. Of the styloid processes that measured more than 30 mm (elongated), 764 styloid processes (81%) showed Type I elongation pattern, 97 styloid processes (10%) showed Type II calcification patterns, and 85 styloid processes (9%) showed Type III calcification patterns. The prevalence of the elongated styloid process was high, and no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of the elongated styloid process and the variables studied.Keywords: Bone Lengthening. Osteogenesis. Radiography, Panoramic. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência do processo estilóide alongado em exames radiográficos panorâmicos, em uma subpopulação do norte do Brasil em relação à idade, sexo e lado. Radiografias panorâmicas foram selecionadas, e tamanho aparente do processo estilóide foi medido a partir do ponto em que o estilóide deixa a placa timpânica até a ponta do processo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes qui-quadrado e análise de variância com nível de significância de 5%. Aproximadamente 73% do processo estilóide alongado foi observado em pacientes entre 18 e 53 anos (p <0,05). Dos processos estilóides que mediram mais de 30 mm (alongados), 543 processos estiloide (82,9%) mostraram padrão de alongamento do Tipo I, 33 processos estiloide (5,03%) mostraram padrões de calcificação do Tipo II, e 79 processos estilóide (12,06%) mostraram padrões de calcificação do Tipo III. A prevalência do processo estilóide alongado foi alta e não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre a presença do processo estilóide alongado e as variáveis estudadas.Palavras-chave: Alongamento Ósseo. Osteogênese. Radiografia Panorâmica.

scholarly journals Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Sérgio Guimarães ◽  
Daniel Humberto Pozza ◽  
Idercy Cabral de Castro ◽  
Iván Claudio Suazo Galdames ◽  
Sandro Palla
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stylohyoid Chain

ABSTRACT Aim To report on a patient with Eagle's syndrome with a complete and very large ossification of the stylohyoid complex on the right side that to our best knowledge has never been published previously. Background Eagle's syndrome is characterized by a set of symptoms that are caused by the irritation of the neurovascular and soft-tissues caused by an elongated styloid process or ossification of stylohyoid ligament. Case description Because of the high discomfort and pain degree as well as limitations of mandibular and head mobility and also the thickness of the ossified stylohyoid chain, the patient was treated surgically by removing the hypertrophic segment. Conclusion These symptoms subsided completely after the surgical excision of the anomaly. The elongated styloid process on the left side was symptom free. Clinical significance Eagle's syndrome symptoms are not specific and can mimic those of other disorders, the syndrome must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with pain in the orofacial, pharyngeal and cervical area. How to cite this article Guimarães AS, Pozza DH, de Castro IC, Galdames ICS, Palla S. Complete Ossification of the Stylohyoid Chain as Cause of Eagle's Syndrome: A Very Rare Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):500-505.

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