scholarly journals Prevalence of elongated styloid process in Saudi population of Aseer region

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Asif Shaik ◽  
Sultan Mohammed Kaleem ◽  
Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shahul Hameed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The study was performed to investigate the prevalence, morphology and calcification pattern of elongated styloid process in Saudi population of Aseer (Southern) region and its relation to gender and sub-age groups. Materials and Methods: This study was analyzed digital panoramic radiographs of 1,162 adults. Any radiograph with questionable styloid process was excluded from the study. The apparent length of the styloid process was measured by a single experienced dental and maxillofacial Radiologist. The elongated styloid process was classified with the radiographic appearance based on the morphology and calcification pattern. The data were analyzed by using Student′s t-test and Chi-square test with P value less than 0.05. Results: A total of 1,085 Digital panoramic radiographs showed elongated styloid process of which 686 (63.2%) were noticed in males and 399 (36.8%) were noticed in female patients. There was a statistical significant difference noticed in the mean difference of elongated styloid process between 20-29, 50-59 and 60 years and above sub-age groups. The elongated styloid process was more prevalent in elderly aged male patients (P < 0.05). Type I morphology with calcified out line (a) was the most frequent pattern of calcification noticed in the present study.Conclusion: The panoramic radiographs are economical, easily accessible and useful diagnostic tool for early detection of elongated styloid process with or without symptoms. However, studies with larger sample size would further help to assess the prevalence of this elongated styloid process in Saudi population of various other regions.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Riyadh Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lingam Amara Swapna ◽  
Nada Tarek AlMegbil ◽  
Alhanouf Othman Almutlaq ◽  
Pradeep Koppolu
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Orofacial Region ◽  
Measuring Tool

Background. Patients with an elongated styloid process might present with dysphagia and pain in the cervicofacial region. These patients could be misdiagnosed as other orofacial pathologies. Aim. The present study attempted to assess the prevalence of the elongated styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs in the Riyadh population. Materials and Methods. The present prospective randomized study was conducted on the panoramic digital radiographs of 300 randomly selected patients visiting a private dental hospital to identify any elongation of the styloid process. Only the radiographs without any magnification errors were considered. The styloid process length was measured using the Sidexis measuring tool and entered in an Excel spreadsheet with other demographic data. A length beyond 30 mm was considered styloid process elongation. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The symptoms of styloid process elongation were higher among females (78.6%), and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 7.182; P = 0.007 ). No statistically significant association was observed between styloid process elongation and symptoms between different age groups. Females exhibited a significant longer mean length of the styloid process than males. The present study exhibited a 27.3% prevalence for the elongation and calcification of the styloid process. Conclusion. Given the significant prevalence of the elongated styloid process in our study, we recommend it to be considered as one of the differential diagnosis for pain or discomfort in the orofacial region.

scholarly journals Elongated Styloid Process in Panoramic Radiographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz de Carvalho ◽  
Lorena Guimarães Valente ◽  
Larissa Victória Barbosa Freitas ◽  
João Marcelo Ferreira de Medeiros ◽  
André Alencar de Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bone Lengthening ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Northern Brazil

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of the elongated styloid process in panoramic radiographic exams, in a subpopulation of northern Brazil in relation to age, sex and side. Panoramic radiographs were selected, and the apparent size of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid leaves the tympanic plate to the tip of the process. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests and variance analysis with a 5% significance level. Approximately 30% of the elongated styloid process was observed in patients between 18 to 35 years. Of the styloid processes that measured more than 30 mm (elongated), 764 styloid processes (81%) showed Type I elongation pattern, 97 styloid processes (10%) showed Type II calcification patterns, and 85 styloid processes (9%) showed Type III calcification patterns. The prevalence of the elongated styloid process was high, and no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of the elongated styloid process and the variables studied.Keywords: Bone Lengthening. Osteogenesis. Radiography, Panoramic. ResumoO objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a prevalência do processo estilóide alongado em exames radiográficos panorâmicos, em uma subpopulação do norte do Brasil em relação à idade, sexo e lado. Radiografias panorâmicas foram selecionadas, e tamanho aparente do processo estilóide foi medido a partir do ponto em que o estilóide deixa a placa timpânica até a ponta do processo. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes qui-quadrado e análise de variância com nível de significância de 5%. Aproximadamente 73% do processo estilóide alongado foi observado em pacientes entre 18 e 53 anos (p <0,05). Dos processos estilóides que mediram mais de 30 mm (alongados), 543 processos estiloide (82,9%) mostraram padrão de alongamento do Tipo I, 33 processos estiloide (5,03%) mostraram padrões de calcificação do Tipo II, e 79 processos estilóide (12,06%) mostraram padrões de calcificação do Tipo III. A prevalência do processo estilóide alongado foi alta e não foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre a presença do processo estilóide alongado e as variáveis estudadas.Palavras-chave: Alongamento Ósseo. Osteogênese. Radiografia Panorâmica.

Incidence of the Type and Calcification Patterns in Patients with Elongated Styloid Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ilgüy ◽  
D Ilgüy ◽  
N Güler ◽  
G Bayirli
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Type I ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Radiographic Evidence ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

We investigated the incidence of elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome) using panoramic radiographs taken of 860 patients referred to our clinic. Any styloid process identified was classified according to its length, type and the pattern of calcification. Fifty-nine elongated styloid processes were identified in 32 patients (3.7%), most being bilateral; 24 patients were female and eight were male (female/male ratio: 3:1). The mean age of these patients was 43 ± 14 years (range: 18 − 78 years). Type I (elongated) was the most frequent type on both sides (42/59); and the most frequent patterns of calcification were partially calcified on the left side (18/59) and completely calcified on the right side (16/59). Only two patients were symptomatic. A corrected differential diagnosis is important to distinguish elongated styloid process from other pathologies with partially overlapping symptoms. We would recommend that clinicians consider the possibility of Eagle's syndrome when both the clinical and radiographic evidence support this diagnosis.

scholarly journals PROCESSO ESTILOIDE ALONGADO NAS RADIOGRAFIAS PANORÂMICAS EM UMA SUBPOPULAÇÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. eUJ3940
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz de Carvalho ◽  
◽  
Antônio Martins do Amaral Neto ◽  
Larissa Victória Barbosa Freitas ◽  
Kunihiro Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Styloid Process ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle Syndrome

Styloid process elongation associated with symptoms such as cervicofacial pain, tinnitus and otalgia is called Eagle Syndrome. The objective of this study is to assess the presence of elongated styloid process through panoramic radiographs, in a subpopulation of the State of Para, Brazil, as to age and sex. Panoramic radiographs were selected and the apparent size of the styloid process was measured from the point where the styloid leaves the tympanic plate to the lower tip of the process. Data were analyzed by means of chi-square tests and the “t” test with a significance level of 5%. Forty-three percent of all elongated styloid processes were observed in patients aged between 18 and 35 years old. Of these styloid processes measuring more than 30 mm, there were 815 that showed a Type I elongation pattern, being 98 that showed a Type II calcification pattern and 92 showed a Type III calcification pattern. It is concluded that the Type I elongated styloid process was the most frequent, but no statistically significant correlation was found between the presence of the elongated styloid process and the studied variables.

scholarly journals Elongated Styloid Process: A Retrospective Panoramic Radiographic Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreyas Predeepkumar Shah ◽  
NB Praveen ◽  
Vaseemuddin Syed ◽  
AR Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Gender Type

ABSTRACT The styloid process is a cylindrical, long cartilaginous bone which arises from the temporal bone in front of the stylomastoid foramen. In the present study, our aim is to investigate the number of asymptomatic styloid process elongation (SPE) in relation to gender, type of elongation and calcification pattern in patients visited to maxillofacial radiology department. We have investigated styloid process using panoramic radiographs taken of 517 patients referred to our hospital. A total of 80 patients (15.47%) had elongated styloid processes (ESPs); 31 patients were female (38.75%) and 49 were male (61.25%). Among the ESPs Type I was the most frequent pattern of SPE (65.85%), then Type II (18.29%) and Type III (15.85%) pattern of elongation. The most frequent pattern of calcification was calcified outline (40.64%) then partially calcified (29.14%), nodular calcification (17.11%) and completely calcified (13.10%). From this study it was concluded that the panoramic radiography can be used for diagnosis of ESP but the norms which explain ESP are needed to be re-evaluated. How to cite this article Shah SP, Praveen NB, Syed V, Subhashini AR. Elongated Styloid Process: A Retrospective Panoramic Radiographic Study. World J Dent 2012;3(4):316-319.

scholarly journals Use of Digital Panoramic Radiographs in the Study of Styloid Process Elongation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Cabral dos Santos Accioly Lins ◽  
Renan Macêdo Cutrim Tavares ◽  
Camila Caroline da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process

This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of suggestive images of styloid process elongation in panoramic radiographs, noting their frequency according to sex, age, and location, as well as measure and classify the types and patterns of calcification of elongated styloid processes. 2,500 panoramic radiographs were evaluated in a Radiology Clinic in Recife, PE, Brazil, performed between 2008 and 2010, with the age ranging from 25 to 80 years old. 560 of the radiographs analyzed fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of this total, 216 (38.57%) presented suggestive images of the styloid process elongation, 45 (20.8%) belonging to male and 171 (79.2%) to female, and 84.7% were bilateral. After all measurements, mean values of 35.5 mm (left side) and 37.6 mm (right side) were obtained and these differences were statistically significant (p<0.001). The most common type of stretching found was elongated (type I) with 73.1%, and the pattern of calcification was partially calcified (62.5%). It was found that the elongation of the styloid process is an anatomical variation, which must be taken into account by dentists, and because panoramic radiography is a technique of easy approach and low cost and routine, it can be used to aid in the diagnosis of elongated styloid process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Roopashri ◽  
MR Vaishali ◽  
Maria Priscilla David ◽  
Muqeet Baig ◽  
Uma Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Background and objective The elongated styloid process may produce characteristic head and neck pain syndromes, commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. An awareness of this syndrome is important to all health practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neck and head pain. It has been estimated that 2 to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic appearance of elongated styloid process. The objective of the study was to assess the elongation of styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of elongation according to age, sex and types. Results Elongated styloid process was seen in 107 subjects out of 300 patients who were aged between 10 and 70 years old. Our study revealed that as age increased elongation of styloid process increased with female predominance. Type 1 elongation was most common than the other types of elongation. We also found that left styloids were elongated than the right with bilateral elongation. Conclusion Panoramic radiographs can show a correct picture of elongated styloid process which can confirm the diagnosis and can thus help avoid misinterpretation of the symptoms as tonsillar pain or pain of dental, pharyngeal or muscular origin and hence panoramic radiography is economical and the best imaging modality to view the elongation of styloid process. How to cite this article Roopashri G, Vaishali MR, David MP, Baig M, Shankar U. Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):618-622.

Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Animesh Ray ◽  
Dr. Komal Singh ◽  
Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽  
Farha Mehdi ◽  
Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
North India ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

scholarly journals Clinicoradiologic Evaluation of Eagle’s Syndrome and its Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pokharel ◽  
S Karki ◽  
I Shrestha ◽  
BL Shrestha ◽  
K Khanal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
History Taking ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Intraoral Approach ◽  
3D Ct Scan ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Eagle’s syndrome (Elongated styloid process) is often misdiagnosed due to its vague symptomatology. The diagnosis relies on detail history taking, palpation of styloid process in tonsillar fossa and imaging modalities.Objective To assess the length and medial angulation of elongated styloid process with the help of three dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) scan and to describe our clinical and surgical experience with patients suffering from Eagle’s syndrome.Method Prospective, analytical study conducted from August 2011 to August 2012 among 39 patients with Eagle’s syndrome. Detailed history taking, clinical examination and 3D CT scan was performed. Length and medial angulation was calculated. Patients with styloid process length longer than 2.50 cm underwent surgical excision via intraoral approach. Medial angulation of styloid process on both sides was correlated with each other using rank correlation coefficient. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was applied to test significant difference between pre-operative and post-operative symptoms scores.Result Significant positive correlation was found between the medial angulation of styloid process on right side and left side (? =0.81, p<0.001). Significant difference was also observed between pre and post-operative symptoms scores (z=-5.16, p<0.001) .Conclusion Possibility of Eagle’s syndrome should always be considered while examining patients with vague neck pain. 3D CT reconstruction is a gold standard investigation which helps in studying the relation of styloid process with surrounding structures along with accurate measurement of its length and medial angulation.Kathmandu Univ Med J 2013; 11(4): 305-309

scholarly journals Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Machado de Andrade ◽  
Carolina Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Plauto C. Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Eagle’S Syndrome ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Elongated Styloid Process ◽  
Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Lateral Cephalometric Radiograph ◽  
Process Length

Knowledge of the Eagle's syndrome shows that its symptoms can be very easily confused with other types of craniomandibular disorders, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to find a possible correlation between the presence of TMD and elongation of the styloid process as well relate to presence of calcification of the stilohyoid chain. Fifty patients with TMD, confirmed from the RDC/TMD, were examined clinically and radiographically. Radiographic documentation consisted of digital panoramic radiograph and digital lateral cephalometric radiograph. Radiocef software (Radiomemory) was used for the analysis of radiographs by means of specific cephalometric tracing and linear measurements of the styloid process. Each radiograph was traced and measured three times with intervals of 1 month to spread the error. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's test (p=0.001) using Biostat 4.0 statistical software. Result showed an incidence of 76% elongation of the styloid process in the sample. There was a correlation between the bilateral measures taken in panoramic radiographs (?<0.001) and also for measures of styloid process length carried out in different panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs (?<0.001). It was concluded that there is prevalence of elongated styloid process in patients with TMD. However, no relationship was found between measurements on the stylohyoid chain and symptoms of headache, orofacial pain, tinnitus and vertigo.

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