scholarly journals Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 790-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Agarwal ◽  
Zinnie Nanda ◽  
Rahul B Deore ◽  
Kavitarani Rudagi ◽  
Mirza Osman Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endodontic Irrigation

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the formation of air bubbles in the apical region of root canal (apical vapor lock) during syringe irrigation, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and (ii) comparative evaluation of the elimination of an established vapor lock by EndoActivator, ultrasonics, and manual dynamic agitation (MDA), using CBCT. Materials and methods A total of 60 extracted human singlerooted teeth were equally divided into three groups of 20 teeth each. The samples were decoronated 17 mm from the apex, cleaned, and shaped to size F4 Protaper using 3% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite + cesium chloride radiopaque dye, and preoperative CBCT images were obtained. After formation of apical vapor lock in the scanned teeth, EndoActivator (group I), passive ultrasonic irrigation (group II), and MDA with K-file (group III) were performed and the teeth were again placed in CBCT scanner and results analyzed using the chi-square test. Results The apical vapor lock was formed in all the samples. Out of the 20 teeth in each group, the apical vapor lock was eliminated in 18 samples of EndoActivator group (90%), 16 samples of ultrasonic group (80%), while it was eliminated in 10 samples by MDA (50%). Conclusion It is concluded that (1) apical vapor lock is consistently formed during endodontic irrigation in closed canal systems and (2) sonic activation performs better than the ultrasonics and MDA in eliminating the apical vapor lock, with statistically significant difference between all the three groups (p < 0.05). Clinical significance The results suggest that the apical vapor lock (dead water zone) is consistently formed during endodontic irrigation which impedes irrigant penetration till the working length, thereby leading to inefficient debridement. Hence, to eliminate this vapor lock, techniques, such as sonics or ultrasonics should be used along with the irrigant after shaping and cleaning of the root canal. How to cite this article Agarwal A, Deore RB, Rudagi K, Nanda Z, Baig MO, Fareez MA. Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):790-794.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Endodontic Irrigation Protocols on the Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavneet Takhar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
Megha Rani ◽  
Shallu Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Endodontic Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Abstract Aim and Objective The present in vitro study was done to comparatively evaluate the effect of different endodontic irrigation protocols on the microhardness at coronal, middle, and apical levels of root canal dentin. Method The total sample size for the study was 100. Each sample consisted of a longitudinally sectioned half of a root of a single-rooted tooth, which was then embedded in acrylic resin. The prepared samples were divided randomly into five groups of twenty samples each. Each group was treated with its respective irrigant to be tested. Group I was the control—the specimens were treated with distilled water. The specimens in group II were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), followed by ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). Specimens in group III were treated with NaOCl, followed by CHX. Specimens in group IV were treated with NaOCl, followed by hydroxyethylidene bisphosphonate (HEBP), and specimens in group V were treated with NaOCl, followed by propolis. Following this, all the samples were placed on the Vickers microhardness tester, and the results were tabulated and statistically analyzed to determine the irrigant solutions' effect on the microhardness of root dentin at coronal, middle, and apical third. Results Intergroup comparison of various irrigants showed that 18% HEBP showed the least reduction in the microhardness values of root canal dentin, and 17% EDTA caused the maximum decrease in microhardness values with a significant difference. When the baseline values were compared with the values after the use of experimental solutions in all the groups, it was observed that the microhardness gradually decreased from coronal to apical third of root dentin. Conclusion On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that weak chelators such as 18% HEBP do not affect the microhardness considerably, and that they can be used in future in place of strong chelators, that is, EDTA, which make root dentin weak by more microhardness reduction.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Techniques for Determining the Accuracy of Root Canal Working Length: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
RakeshKumar Yadav ◽  
Harsh Bhoot ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
Promila Verma ◽  
Ramesh Bharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Working Length

scholarly journals [NO TITLE AVAILABLE]

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Limongi ◽  
Diana Santana de Albuquerque ◽  
Flares Baratto Filho ◽  
José Roberto Vanni ◽  
Elias P. Motcy de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Multislice Ct ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Dentin Thickness

This in vitro study compared, using computed tomography (CT), the amount of dentin removed from root canal walls by manual and mechanical rotary instrumentation techniques. Forty mandibular incisors with dental crown and a single canal were selected. The teeth were randomly assigned to two groups, according to the technique used for root canal preparation: Group I - manual instrumentation with stainless steel files; Group II - mechanical instrumentation with RaCe rotary nickel-titanium instruments. In each tooth, root dentin thickness of the buccal, lingual, mesial and distal surfaces in the apical, middle and cervical thirds of the canal was measured (in mm) using a multislice CT scanner (Siemens Emotion, Duo). Data were stored in the SPSS v. 11.5 and SigmaPlot 2001 v. 7.101 softwares. After crown opening, working length was determined, root canals were instrumented and new CT scans were taken for assessment of root dentin thickness. Pre- and post-instrumentation data were compared and analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test for significant differences (p=0.05). Based on the findings of this study, it may be concluded that regarding dentin removal from root canal walls during instrumentation, neither of the techniques can be considered more effective than the other.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Biodentine as an Apical Plug in Nonvital Permanent Teeth with Open Apices: An In Vitro Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bani ◽  
Elif Sungurtekin-Ekçi ◽  
Mesut Enes Odabaş
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Sealing Ability ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov

The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical microleakage of Biodentine and MTA orthograde apical plugs and to compare the effect of thickness of these biomaterials on their sealing ability. A total of eighty maxillary anterior teeth were used. The apices were removed by cutting with a diamond disc (Jota, Germany) 2 mm from the apical root end in an attempt to standardize the working length of all specimens to 15 ± 1 mm. Both materials were placed in 1–4 mm thickness as apical plugs root canal. Root canal leakage was evaluated by the fluid filtration technique. One-way ANOVA was used in order to determine normality of dispersal distribution of parameters; thereafter, results were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Overall, between microleakage values of MTA and Biodentine regardless of apical plug thickness, no difference was observed. In terms of plug thickness, a statistically significant difference was observed between the subgroups of MTA and Biodentine (p<0.05). The apical sealing ability of Biodentine was comparable to MTA at any apical plug thickness.

scholarly journals Comparison of smear layer removal ability of different agitation system in the apical third of the root canal using SEM: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Zaighum Raza ◽  
◽  
Shiraz Pasha ◽  
Kusum Valli ◽  
VijayaLakshmi Yartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA only, Group II: Endoactivator, Group III: Laser, Group IV: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Three specimens were not treated with any smear layer removal protocol and were immediately sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The remaining 40 samples from 4 groups after treatment with different activation system were also sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Friedman’s test. Results: All the four groups removed smear layer and the laser showed best smear layer removing capability compared to other groups but was significant only with respect to control and group I (EDTA group without any activation) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, all the activation systems were able to remove the smear layer from the apical third of the root canal with laser showing the best result followed by Endoactivator and then PUI.

scholarly journals Evaluation of 4% Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the Root Canal when Used with Three Irrigation Methods: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Vinisha Pandey ◽  
Harsh Priyank ◽  
Abhishek Bagul ◽  
Kishore Kumar Majety ◽  
Parul Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Endodontic treatment removes all pathogens, such as Enterococcus faecalis from pulp and root canals. The aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in removing E. faecalis from the root canal used with three different irrigation methods. Materials and methods This study was conducted on freshly extracted maxillary incisors. After biomechanical preparation, root canals were injected with E. faecalis. Three groups were made which contained 30 teeth in each group; 2 mL of NaOCl solution was used for irrigation followed by agitation with K-files in group I; 2 mL of NaOCl solution was used for irrigation and ultrasonic agitation was done in group II. In group III, an alternate irrigation with NaOCl and 3% hydrogen peroxide was done. The fourth group (control) was irrigated with sterile saline solution. E. faecalis bacteria were sampled to the root canals with paper points and were transferred to tubes that contained 5 mL of brain heart infusion broth. Tubes were incubated and the presence of broth turbidity was suggestive of bacteria remaining in the root canal. Results All three groups showed no statistically significant difference. However, difference existed between experimental groups and control groups. Conclusion The author concluded that all three methods of application of NaOCl were effective in disinfecting the root canal than the saline solution. Clinical significance No single irrigant has 100% efficiency. Thus by this study, a best irrigating solution with maximum properties can be established. How to cite this article Priyank H, Pandey V, Bagul A, Majety KK, Verma P, Choudhury BK. Evaluation of 4% Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from the Root Canal when Used with Three Irrigation Methods: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):214-217.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Different Apex Locators in Teeth with Simulated Apical Root Resorption: an In Vitro Study

Folia Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Ganesh Ranganath Jadhav ◽  
Priya Mittal ◽  
Vishal Patil ◽  
Prashant Kandekar ◽  
Anish Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Resorption ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Apical Root Resorption ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Accurate working length (WL) determination is necessary in achieving optimal healing by non-surgical root canal therapy in teeth with inflammatory apical root resorption. Electronic apex locators (EALs) are one of the mainstays in determination of WL of teeth. Aim: This study evaluated the accuracy of three EALs [RootZX (third generation), iPex (fourth generation) and Raypex 6 (modification of a fifth generation)] in determining the WL of teeth with simulated apical root resorption in permanent teeth. Materials and methods: Forty freshly extracted maxillary anterior teeth were collected and a 45° oblique cut was made at the root apex with a disc to simulate apical root resorption. Actual working length (AWL) was determined by direct visual method and was used as a control. Electronic working length (EWL) values were measured by three different apex locators that are RootZX (Group I), iPex (Group II) and Raypex 6 (Group III) at apex, 0.5 mm and 1 mm from apex. All values obtained were tabulated and statistical evaluation was carried out. Results: At apex, EWL obtained using iPex (p=0.05) showed a statistically significant difference from AWL. At 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm tolerance, iPex showed non-acceptability for WL measurement in 67.5% and 17.5% of samples compared to Root ZX (12.5% and 2.5%) and Raypex (7.5% and none) respectively. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that Raypex 6 and RootZX show statistically significant accuracy in WL measurement compared with iPex in teeth with apical root resorption.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of light-emitting diode exposure on photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis: in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nanik Zubaidah ◽  
Agus Subiwahjudi ◽  
Dinda Dewi Artini ◽  
Karina Erda Saninggar
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: A successful root canal treatment eliminates pathogenic bacteria from infected root canals. The most common bacteria in root canal infections is Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), due to its resistance to medicament and root canal irrigation. A photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of root canal disinfection that uses a combination of photosensitisers and light activation to eliminate bacteria in the root canal. The duration of the PDT irradiation results in the production of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate the E. faecalis bacteria. Purpose: To analyse the differences in the duration exposure of photodynamic therapy against the E. faecalis bacteria. Methods: The E. faecalis bacteria culture was divided into seven eppendorf tubes. Group I was a control group, and group II, III, IV, V, VI and VII were treated using PDT consisting of Toluidine Blue O (TBO) photosensitiser and light source irradiation for ten, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds, respectively. After incubation, the number of bacteria was calculated by the Quebec Colony Counter and analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney test (p <0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the number of E. faecalis bacteria colonies in each treatment group (p <0.05). Group VI and VII, which had a longer exposure to PDT, showed a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer exposure of PDT results in a smaller amount of E. faecalis bacteria. The light irradiation of 50 seconds is the most effective to eliminate E. faecalis bacteria.

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