scholarly journals ¿Estrategia reductiva? De la ecología de sistemas a la fisiología

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123
Author(s):  
Federico Di Pasquo ◽  
Christian Francese ◽  
Guillermo Folguera
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Xxist Century

The main objective of this work is to analyze the intention to reduce some areas of Ecology (in particular Population Ecology, Community Ecology and Ecosistem Ecology) to Physiology (in the particular case of metabolic studies). The origin of this research of reduction was done through consolidation of metabolic ecological theory in first years of XXIst century. Considering this objective, general framework was based on the proposal of Sahotra Sarkar.

Answers.

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-214
Author(s):  
Paul A. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Major Topic ◽  
Production Ecology ◽  
Material Cycles ◽  
Ecological Methods

Abstract A multiple choice question has a stem (the 'question'), a key (the 'answer') and a number of distracters (wrong answers intended to distract the student from the key). This part of the book contains the key to each question along with a brief explanation of why this is correct and, in some cases, what the distracters mean. The questions are grouped into 10 major topic areas: (1) The history and foundations of ecology, (2) Abiotic factors and environmental monitoring, (3) Taxonomy and biodiversity, (4) Energy flow and production ecology, (5) Nutrient and material cycles, (6) Ecophysiology, (7) Population ecology, (8) Community ecology and species interactions, (9) Ecological genetics and evolution, (10) Ecological methods and statistics.

scholarly journals Is Aldo Leopold’s “Land Community” an Individual?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta L. Millstein
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Land Ethic ◽  
Biotic Community ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Community Concept ◽  
Land Community

The concept of “land community” (or “biotic community”) that features centrally in Aldo Leopold’s Land Ethic has typically been equated with the concept of “ecosystem.” The author argues that we need to rethink Leopold’s concept of land community. First, Leopold’s views are not identical to those of his contemporaries, although they resemble those of some subsequent ecologists. Second, the land community concept does not map cleanly onto the concept of “ecosystem”; it also incorporates elements of the “community” concept in community ecology. Third, the question of whether land communities have boundaries can be addressed by an analysis of land communities as individuals. There are challenges to be worked out, but the author argues that these challenges can be resolved. The result is a defensible land community concept that is ontologically robust enough to be a locus of moral obligation while being consistent with contemporary ecological theory and practice.

scholarly journals Unifying the Basic Models of Ecology to Be More Complete and Easier to Teach

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Lehman ◽  
Shelby Loberg ◽  
Adam T Clark ◽  
Daniel Schmitter
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Unified Approach

Abstract Population and basic community ecology are commonly presented to students through a set of distinct models, such as those for exponential growth, logistic growth, competition, predation, and so forth. This approach mirrors the historical development of the field, but it has several shortcomings as a way to present ecological theory. First, the classical equations can appear disconnected from one another. Second, differences in the parameters and styles of the equations do not lend themselves to comparison in a common graphical form. And third, the set of equations as they are commonly presented provides no easy way to see whether any concepts are left out. In fact, something is left out that is not commonly taught: the concept of faster-than-exponential growth approaching a singularity, which is important for understanding rapidly growing systems. In the present article, we demonstrate a unified approach that simplifies the traditional equations of ecology, expands their scope, and emphasizes their interconnections.

scholarly journals Vacated niches, competitive release and the community ecology of pathogen eradication

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1623) ◽  
pp. 20120150 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Lloyd-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Disease Eradication ◽  
Competitive Release

A recurring theme in the epidemiological literature on disease eradication is that each pathogen occupies an ecological niche, and eradication of one pathogen leaves a vacant niche that favours the emergence of new pathogens to replace it. However, eminent figures have rejected this view unequivocally, stating that there is no basis to fear pathogen replacement and even that pathogen niches do not exist. After exploring the roots of this controversy, I propose resolutions to disputed issues by drawing on broader ecological theory, and advance a new consensus based on robust mechanistic principles. I argue that pathogen eradication (and cessation of vaccination) leads to a ‘vacated niche’, which could be re-invaded by the original pathogen if introduced. Consequences for other pathogens will vary, with the crucial mechanisms being competitive release, whereby the decline of one species allows its competitors to perform better, and evolutionary adaptation. Hence, eradication can cause a quantitative rise in the incidence of another infection, but whether this leads to emergence as an endemic pathogen depends on additional factors. I focus on the case study of human monkeypox and its rise following smallpox eradication, but also survey how these ideas apply to other pathogens and discuss implications for eradication policy.

Interactions between chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii) and introduced predators: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Glen ◽  
P. J. de Tores ◽  
D. R. Sutherland ◽  
K. D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Community Ecology ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Carnivorous Marsupial ◽  
Predator Guild ◽  
Fox Control

The chuditch is a carnivorous marsupial that has suffered catastrophic decline since European settlement in Australia. The impacts of introduced foxes and feral cats are thought to have contributed to this decline. Although chuditch populations appear to respond favourably to fox control, ecological theory predicts that other predators, including feral cats, are also likely to increase in abundance when foxes are removed. The flow-on effects of these predicted increases are not known, but are potentially significant for chuditch and for other native fauna. Here, we review the evidence for limiting effects of foxes and feral cats on chuditch populations. We also discuss the likely effects on chuditch populations (direct and indirect) of current fox control practices. Using recent advances in carnivore community ecology, we make testable predictions regarding likely interactions within the predator guild. Experiments should adopt a whole-of-community approach, seeking to clarify the effects of fox control on the entire suite of native and introduced predators, as well as on the abundance and diversity of prey.

Metabolic studies of marine sterols by Copepods

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Giner ◽  
GH Wikfors ◽  
RP Hassett
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Studies

Metabolic Studies of Vitamin K1-14C and Menadione-14C in the Normal and Hepatectomized Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Losito ◽  
C. A Owen ◽  
E. V Flock ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Vitamin K3 ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Intact Rats

SummaryThe metabolism of vitamin K1- 14C and menadione-14C (vitamin K3-14C) was studied in normal and hepateetomized rats. After the administration of menadione, about 70% of the 14C was excreted in the urine in 24 hrs in both types of rats. Two urinary metabolites were identified by enzymatic hydrolysis: one a glucuronide and the other a sulfate of reduced menadione. Thus, the liver is not necessary for the metabolism of menadione. In the vitamin K1 studies, the intact rats excreted only 10% of the 14C and the hepatectomized rats excreted less than 0.5%. The retention of vitamin K1 may explain its superiority over menadione as an antidote for overdosages of oral anticoagulants.

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