Islamic component in calendar rituals and folk medicine of the peoples of Dagestan: traditions and modernity

The article examines the types and forms of manifestation of the Islamic component in the calendar rituals and folk medicine of the peoples of Dagestan that have survived to our time. On the basis of field material and literary sources, the author cites the calendar holidays of the first furrow, the beginning of spring, the collection of edible herbs, medicine. The Islamic component in these holidays and rituals is manifested by the participation of a Muslim clergyman in them, the remembrance of Allah, the recitation of verses from the Koran, the conduct of the mawlid and the ritual of zikr, and the distribution of alms sadaqa. This component has been woven into agrarian holidays; meteorological ceremonies with «binding the rain», the use of a horse’s skull, wooden and stone boards, «overturned stones»; «sacred» trees, springs and stones in the rituals of traditional medicine. Collected in a special sacred period of time (pre-dawn hours before morning prayer) on the day of Eid al-Adha or the holiday of spring, spring water became similar to zamzam water and acquired healing properties. There are no analogues adapted to Muslim holidays, calendar and household rituals, built on the tops of mountains and passes, special religious buildings of Tabasarans – «Prayer houses». According to the author, the cited calendar rituals and methods of traditional medicine belong to the category of syncretic so-called “everyday” or “folk Islam” and can serve as an argument in countering religious extremism. The reasons for the preservation and functioning of traditional rituals and beliefs at the beginning of the XXIst century should be sought in the stability of ancient beliefs and rituals adapted to the requirements of the Sufi form of Islam, the peculiarities of the mentality and ethnic psychology of the Dagestanis adherent to conservatism and traditional way of life.

The Transformation of the Idea of Internet Freedom in the XXIst Century

The article analyzes the theoretical approaches that have developed in relation to the issues of control and freedom of the Internet space, including copyright regulation and its gradual transformation as the digital environment develops and changes. Special attention is given to the values underpinning the principles of regulation are determined. If initially the dominant notion was that the Internet would ensure humanity a new free world, then later the discourse shifted to much less optimistic views and topics the issue of network regulation, technical and legal restrictions, censorship and data protection. Most recent academic literature is devoted to the practical side of the issue, and the issue of values has faded into the background. As a result, the discussion has lost significant context: issues of freedom and human rights in the Internet environment, discussion of what is really important for society - security or the absence of restrictions, the problem of users trust in the state and platforms.

Les philosophies du hygge : entre héritage culturel et développement personnel face à la quêete hypermoderne du bien-être individuel

Hygge Philosophies: Between Cultural Heritage and Personal Development in the Face of the Hypermodern Quest for Individual Well-Being In this article, we are interested in hygge, often presented as a Danish philosophy of life. We question hygge as it is portrayed and listed in personal development literature (1). We suggest that, in the contemporary Western democratic context, hygge touches on both a part of Danish cultural heritage and a sphere of concerns typical of Western democratic hypermodernity (2). A concluding section will allow us to make some generalizations about the stakes of intellectual work in our societies in the XXIst century and the contributions that philosophers can make (3). Keywords: hygge, individualism, democracy, well-being, personal development

Does Consciousness require a cerebral cortex?

In this paper, we reconsider to what extent, in the context of Neuroscience and Computer Science of the XXIst century, consciousness would remain or not a human specificity. Equivalent functional faculties can be produced by systems differing not only by the material of which they are constructed, but also by the architecture that combines their components. Consequently, is the advent of a consciousness other than ours so inconceivable? What kind of consciousness entities without a cerebral cortex could have?

Georgian and Language Competition in the Diaspora (Emigrant community)

At the End of the XXth and at the beginning of the XXIst Century the population of Georgia has decreased by 9,1% . This decrease has been influenced by demographic processes as well as by those connected with long-term emigration. In terms of numbers, the largest emigration occurred bertween 2003 and 2010 when approximately 1,5 mln people left Georgia. Emigration has decreased in recent years; however, every year several tens of thousands of Georgian nationals leave Georgia. For an extended period of time Georgia lacked any systematic studies grounded in statistics regarding the lives of those Georgian nationals who had emigrated; however, in recent years, the number of researchers studying the Georgian Diaspora continues to extand. One of the most extensive studies devoted to researching the life of the diaspora is the study the Georgia’s emigrant communities: national identity, translational relationships and the politics of the diaspora, which has conducted in 2014-2016 by a research group from the Ministry of Foreign affairs of Georgia. The Georgian languuage situation in the diaspora is analyzed based on the statistics from this study.

Fansubbing practices in Ukraine

This research focuses on the analysis of the English non-professional subtitles of the Ukrainian films, produced by the amateur translators for whom English is a foreign language. Such exploration in the nature of fansubbing gives insights into the basic principles that define the notion of subtitling, examines the standards set to the audiovisual translation, and outlines the challenges fansubbers may face in the process of subtitling. The study is based on the following Ukrainian films of the second half of the XXth – beginning of the XXIst century: Chasing Two Hares (1961); Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965); Prayer for Hetman Mazepa (2001). The analysis of the films is conducted on the syntactic, lexical, and grammatical levels, as well as on the level of fansubs screen presentation (spatial and temporal parameters). The study discusses fansubbers’ translation decisions from the perspective of their correlation with the established subtitling guidelines, and their effect on the foreign audience.

SPIRITUAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF AN ENGLISH TEACHER

The professional culture of an English teacher as a systemic characteristic and activity of a foreign language teacher's personality, which is an integral unity of such interrelated and interdependent components as need-motivational, activity-personal, organizational and creative, are considered in this article. The aim of the research is to substantiate theoretically the spiritual foundations and pedagogical conditions for the formation of the professional culture of future English teachers in the higher education system. The professional culture is considered as the way in which teachers develop their activities in educational institutions. Among the indicators that can be used to characterize the spiritual foundations of professional culture of an English teacher, the following are distinguished: the level of assimilation common spiritual values and culture; the nature of choice and the level of participation personality in the production of spiritual values, in the development and consumption of spiritual wealth; orientation of motives for participation in the creation and consumption of spiritual values; the level of education, qualifications, cultures of thinking, feelings and behavior. The components of professional pedagogical culture: axiological, technological and personal and creative are analyzed. The strategic provisions of the concept of academician G. Shevchenko on the importance of education and upbringing, which should fulfill the most important mission of the current civilization – to form the “Spiritualized Image of Man of Culture of the XXIst century” in the younger generations are used. The professional culture of an English teacher is determined as a systematic characteristic and activity of the personality of a foreign language teacher, which represents the integral unity of such interrelated and interdependent components: need-motivational, activity-personality, organizational and creative. The structural components of the professional culture of a future English teacher are characterized.

Georgian and Language Competition in the Diaspora (Emigrant community)

At the End of the XXth and at the beginning of the XXIst Century the population of Georgia has decreased by 9,1% . This decrease has been influenced by demographic processes as well as by those connected with long-term emigration. In terms of numbers, the largest emigration occurred bertween 2003 and 2010 when approximately 1,5 mln people left Georgia. Emigration has decreased in recent years; however, every year several tens of thousands of Georgian nationals leave Georgia. For an extended period of time Georgia lacked any systematic studies grounded in statistics regarding the lives of those Georgian nationals who had emigrated; however, in recent years, the number of researchers studying the Georgian Diaspora continues to extand. One of the most extensive studies devoted to researching the life of the diaspora is the study the Georgia’s emigrant communities: national identity, translational relationships and the politics of the diaspora, which has conducted in 2014-2016 by a research group from the Ministry of Foreign affairs of Georgia. The Georgian languuage situation in the diaspora is analyzed based on the statistics from this study.