Tracing the footprints of the ABCDE model of flowering in Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae)

The sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) is one of the most significant Mediterranean tree species, being an important natural resource for the wood and fruit industries. It is a monoecious species, presenting unisexual male catkins and bisexual catkins, with the latter having distinct male and female flowers. Despite the importance of the sweet chestnut tree, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in the determination of sexual organ identity. Thus, the study of how the different flowers of C. sativa develop is fundamental to understand the reproductive success of this species and the impact of flower phenology on its productivity. In this study, a C. sativa de novo transcriptome was assembled and the homologous genes to those of the ABCDE model for floral organ identity were identified. Expression analysis showed that the C. sativa B- and C-class genes are differentially expressed in the male flowers and female flowers. Yeast two-hybrid analysis also suggested that changes in the canonical ABCDE protein–protein interactions may underlie the mechanisms necessary to the development of separate male and female flowers, as reported for the monoecious Fagaceae Quercus suber. The results here depicted constitute a step towards the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in unisexual flower development in C. sativa, also suggesting that the ABCDE model for flower organ identity may be molecularly conserved in the predominantly monoecious Fagaceae family.

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The ABCDE-Model of counseling and psychotherapy: An integrative approach developed from clinical practice at a counseling service for students

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20162601137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 01137

Author(s):

Asimina Koutsoukou-Argyrak ◽

Frank-Hagen Hofmann ◽

Volker Kreß ◽

Michael Sperth ◽

Rainer Matthias Holm-Hadulla

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Counseling Service ◽

Abcde Model

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ABCDE MODEL FOR WILD ROSE (ROSA RUGOSA THUNB. EX MURRAY) FLORAL DEVELOPMENT

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2007.751.46 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 369-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Matsumoto ◽

H. Fukui

Keyword(s):

Floral Development ◽

Rosa Rugosa ◽

Abcde Model

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The Orchid MADS-Box Genes Controlling Floral Morphogenesis

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2006.321 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 1933-1944 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wen-Chieh Tsai ◽

Hong-Hwa Chen

Keyword(s):

Floral Organ ◽

Mads Box ◽

Mads Box Genes ◽

Floral Diversity ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Abcde Model ◽

New Variant ◽

Organ Identity ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Highly Evolved

Orchids are known for both their floral diversity and ecological strategies. The versatility and specialization in orchid floral morphology, structure, and physiological properties have fascinated botanists for centuries. In floral studies, MADS-box genes contributing to the now famous ABCDE model of floral organ identity control have dominated conceptual thinking. The sophisticated orchid floral organization offers an opportunity to discover new variant genes and different levels of complexity to the ABCDE model. Recently, several remarkable research studies done on orchid MADS-box genes have revealed the important roles on orchid floral development. Knowledge about MADS-box genes' encoding ABCDE functions in orchids will give insights into the highly evolved floral morphogenetic networks of orchids.

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Pitfall Flower Development and Organ Identity of Ceropegia sandersonii (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121767 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1767

Author(s):

Annemarie Heiduk ◽

Dewi Pramanik ◽

Marlies Spaans ◽

Loes Gast ◽

Nemi Dorst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Floral Anatomy ◽

Floral Organ ◽

Mads Box ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Abcde Model ◽

Organ Identity ◽

Mads Box Gene ◽

Flower Evolution ◽

Developmental Phases

Deceptive Ceropegia pitfall flowers are an outstanding example of synorganized morphological complexity. Floral organs functionally synergise to trap fly-pollinators inside the fused corolla. Successful pollination requires precise positioning of flies headfirst into cavities at the gynostegium. These cavities are formed by the corona, a specialized organ of corolline and/or staminal origin. The interplay of floral organs to achieve pollination is well studied but their evolutionary origin is still unclear. We aimed to obtain more insight in the homology of the corona and therefore investigated floral anatomy, ontogeny, vascularization, and differential MADS-box gene expression in Ceropegia sandersonii using X-ray microtomography, Light and Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and RT-PCR. During 10 defined developmental phases, the corona appears in phase 7 at the base of the stamens and was not found to be vascularized. A floral reference transcriptome was generated and 14 MADS-box gene homologs, representing all major MADS-box gene classes, were identified. B- and C-class gene expression was found in mature coronas. Our results indicate staminal origin of the corona, and we propose a first ABCDE-model for floral organ identity in Ceropegia to lay the foundation for a better understanding of the molecular background of pitfall flower evolution in Apocynaceae.

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Expression pattern of ABCDE model genes in floral organs of bolting garlic clone

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

10.1016/j.gep.2019.119059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 119059

Author(s):

Fahimeh Ghaemizadeh ◽

Farshad Dashti ◽

Alireza Shafeinia

Keyword(s):

Expression Pattern ◽

Floral Organs ◽

Abcde Model

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Can we be friends with Mitsuku? A longitudinal study on the process of relationship formation between humans and a social chatbot

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ◽

10.1177/0265407520959463 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 279-300

Author(s):

Emmelyn A. J. Croes ◽

Marjolijn L. Antheunis

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Social Processes ◽

Communication Research ◽

Relationship Formation ◽

Social Attraction ◽

Self Disclosure ◽

Abcde Model ◽

The Social ◽

Machine Communication ◽

The Relationship

This explorative study investigated (a) whether social attraction, self-disclosure, interaction quality, intimacy, empathy and communicative competence play a role in getting-acquainted interactions between humans and a chatbot, and (b) whether humans can build a relationship with a chatbot. Although human-machine communication research suggests that humans can develop feelings for computers, this does not automatically imply that humans experience feelings of friendship with a chatbot. In this longitudinal study, 118 participants had seven interactions with chatbot Mitsuku over a 3-week period. After each interaction participants filled out a questionnaire. The results showed that the social processes decreased after each interaction and feelings of friendship were low. In line with the ABCDE model of relationship development, the social processes that aid relationship continuation decrease, leading to deterioration of the relationship. Furthermore, a novelty effect was at play after the first interaction, after which the chatbot became predictable and the interactions less enjoyable.

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