scholarly journals Opioid prescription claims among women aged 15-44 years—United States, 2013-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
April D. Summers, MPH ◽  
Elizabeth C. Ailes, PhD ◽  
Michele K. Bohm, MPH ◽  
Emmy L. Tran, PharmD, MPH ◽  
Cheryl S. Broussard, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Claims Data ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Pharmacy Claims ◽  
Insurance Claims Data

Objective: To estimate the annual percentage of women of reproductive age with private insurance or Medicaid who had opioid prescription claims during 2013-2017 and describe trends over time.Design: A secondary analysis of insurance claims data from IBM MarketScan® Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases to assess outpatient pharmacy claims for prescription opioids among women aged 15-44 years during 2013-2017.Participants: Annual cohorts of 3.5-3.8 million women aged 15-44 years with private insurance and 0.9-2.1 million women enrolled in Medicaid.Main Outcome Measure: The percentage of women aged 15-44 years with outpatient pharmacy claims for opioid prescriptions.Results: During 2013-2017, the proportion of women aged 15-44 years with private insurance who had claims for opioid prescriptions decreased by 22.1 percent, and among women enrolled in Medicaid, the proportion decreased by 31.5 percent.Conclusions: Opioid prescription claims decreased from 2013 to 2017 among insured women of reproductive age. However, opioid prescription claims remained common and were more common among women enrolled in Medicaid than those with private insurance; additional strategies to improve awareness of the risks associated with opioid prescribing may be needed.

Empowerment and IPV in Married Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098038
Author(s):  
Mohammad Vaqas Ali ◽  
Jawad Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Forms Of Violence

The study was an attempt to identify demographic, household, and women empowerment factors that predicted emotional, physical, and sexual violence in ever-married women of reproductive age (15–49 years, n = 3,965) in Pakistan by performing secondary analysis on Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2017–2018. The analysis was done using SPSS (v.22) and binary and multivariate logistic regression techniques were performed for analyses. The analysis found that 30.2% of women experienced emotional, 24.1% reported less severe physical, 6.5% experienced severe physical, and 4.3% experienced sexual violence, respectively. The multivariate analysis found that husband’s age, education, wealth, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, womens’ age, education, and number of children also significantly predicted IPV. With respect to empowerment variables, ownership of house was a significant predictor of less severe physical violence, ownership of property significantly predicted emotional violence, and autonomy in household purchase decisions was significantly related to severe physical violence. The control on husband’s income as a measure of empowerment significantly predicted all four types of IPV. Belief in patriarchy also turned out to be an important factor in determining emotional and less severe physical violence. The study concludes that women empowerment in household context can prevent less serious forms of violence but to hinder serious forms of violence, interventions at family and community level will be required.

scholarly journals Trends and Risk Factors for Leishmaniasis among Reproductive Aged Women in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
Chioma Ikedionwu ◽  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Courtney Williams ◽  
Evelyn Odeh ◽  
Maylis Nkeng Peh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Background and Objective: Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, is endemic in several regions globally, but commonly regarded as a disease of travelers in the United States (US). The literature on leishmaniasis among hospitalized women in the US is very limited. The aim of this study was to explore trends and risk factors for leishmaniasis among hospitalized women of reproductive age within the US. Methods: We analyzed hospital admissions data from the 2002-2017 Nationwide Inpatient Sample among women aged 15-49 years. We conducted descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses for factors associated with leishmaniasis. Utilizing logistic regression, we assessed the association between sociodemographic and hospital characteristics with leishmaniasis disease among hospitalized women of reproductive age in the US. Joinpoint regression was used to examine trends over time. Results: We analyzed 131,529,239 hospitalizations; among these, 207 cases of leishmaniasis hospitalizations were identified, equivalent to an overall prevalence of 1.57 cases per million during the study period. The prevalence of leishmaniasis was greatest among older women of reproductive age (35-49 years), Hispanics, those with Medicare, and inpatient stay in large teaching hospitals in the Northeast of the US. Hispanic women experienced a statistically significant increased odds of leishmaniasis diagnosis (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.19-4.06), compared to Non-Hispanic (NH) White women. Medicaid and Private Insurance appeared to serve as a protective factor in both unadjusted and adjusted models. We did not observe a statistically significant change in leishmaniasis rates over the study period. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Although the prevalence of leishmaniasis among women of reproductive age appears to be low in the US, some risk remains. Thus, appropriate educational, public health and policy initiatives are needed to increase clinical awareness and timely diagnosis/treatment of the disease.   Copyright © 2021 Ikedionwu, et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in this journal, is properly cited.

scholarly journals Opioid Overdose Risk in Patients Returning to the Emergency Department for Pain

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Sheikh ◽  
Ashley Booth-Norse ◽  
David Holden ◽  
Morgan Henson ◽  
Caroline Dodd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Risk Class ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective Using the Risk Index for Overdose or Serious Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression (CIP-RIOSORD) in patients returning to the emergency department (ED) for pain and discharged with an opioid prescription, we assessed overall opioid overdose risk and compared risk in opioid naive patients to those who are non-opioid naive. Design This was a secondary analysis from a prospective observational study of patients ≥ 18 years old returning to the ED within 30 days. Data were collected from patient interviews and chart reviews. Patients were categorized as Group 1 (not using prescription opioids) or Group 2 (consuming prescription opioids). Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher’s exact and Wilcoxon’s rank sum tests. Risk class and probability of overdose was determined using Risk Index for Overdose or Serious Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression (CIP-RIOSORD). Results Of the 389 enrollees who returned to the ED due to pain within 30 days of an initial visit, 67 (17%) were prescribed opioids. The majority of these patients were in Group 1 (60%). Both Group 1 (n = 40) and Group 2 (n = 27) held an average CIP-RIOSORD risk class of 3. Race significantly differed between groups; the majority of Group 1 self-identified as African American (80%) (P = .0267). There were no differences in age, gender, or CIP-RIOSORD risk class between groups. However, Group 2 had nearly double the number of predictive factors (median = 1.93) as Group 1 (median = 1.18) (P = .0267). Conclusions A substantial proportion of patients (25%) were high risk for opioid overdose. CIP-RIOSORD may prove beneficial in risk stratification of patients discharged with prescription opioids from the ED.

scholarly journals 350Perception of Nigerian women on violation of Traditional Gender Role-related IPV

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olayide Olabumuyi ◽  
Obioma Uchendu ◽  
Ebunoluwa Akinbobola ◽  
Olawale Awosika
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Childhood Experience ◽  
Nigerian Women ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The North

Abstract Background Violation of Traditional Gender Roles (TGR) by women has been perceived as a justifiable reason for perpetrating Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Although higher among males, opinions among women regarding violation of TGR as a justification for IPV vary. This study assessed the perception of Nigerian women on violation of TGR that predispose to IPV. Methods Secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was done. Complex sample analysis of a subset of 41,821 women of reproductive age was done using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of poor perception of violation of TGR Result Mean age of the respondents was 30.9 ± 7.9years and 10.6% had childhood experience of domestic violence. Poor perception of TGR was found among 28.9% of women with the highest proportion of women with poor perception (46.2%) coming from the north central geo-political zone. The odds of poor perception of TGR-related IPV was 1.4 times and 4.9 times higher among those with childhood experience of domestic violence [OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.139-1.694] and women from the North Eastern geopolitical zone [OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 3.696-6.503] respectively. Conclusion Predictors of poor perception of TGR violation among one-third of women of reproductive age in Nigeria are childhood experience of violence and place of residence. Key message IPV reduction interventions should appropriately address perception of TGR among different at risk population.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the Use of Insecticide-Treated Nets Among Women of Reproductive Age in Mozambique, 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiao Mausse Mausse ◽  
Erika Valeska Rossetto ◽  
Cynthia Semá Baltazar ◽  
Baltazar Neves Candrinho ◽  
Rose Zulliger
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Itn Use

Abstract Background: In 2018 there were approximately 228 million diagnosed cases of malaria and 405,000 deaths. The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is one of the main malaria prevention interventions. Despite widescale distribution resulting in improved ITN access, use remains an important challenge. This study determined factors associated with the use of ITNs among women of reproductive age in Mozambique in 2018.Methods: A secondary analysis of data from the 2018 Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) was implemented. Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) from households with at least one ITN were included in the analysis. Appropriately weighted descriptive analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with ITN use. The highest frequency categories were used as reference variables for the variables age, province, type of place of residence and wealth quintile and the lowest frequency category was used for education level. Variables that had p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: Of 6,184 total women of reproductive age in the MIS, 5,587 women (90%) were in households with at least one ITN, of whom 88% (4,908/5,587) reported prior night use of ITNs. Most women were in the 15-19 age group of whom 81% (975/1,206) reported ITN use. The odds of ITN use were significantly higher in all other age groups compared to these women aged 15-19 years. The odds of ITN use were significantly lower in lower prevalence provinces in southern Mozambique. In adjusted analysis, there was no significant association between the odds of ITN use and malaria knowledge, exposure to malaria messages, literacy, or other sociodemographic variables.Conclusions:. Young women and those in southern Mozambique are demographic groups that would benefit from targeted communication interventions, along with those in rural areas where the burden of malaria is higher.

The Use of Migraine Preventive Medications Among Patients with and without Migraine Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Lafata ◽  
O Tunceli ◽  
M Cerghet ◽  
KP Sharma ◽  
RB Lipton
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Medical Care Costs ◽  
Pharmacy Claims ◽  
Insurance Claims Data ◽  
Health Insurance Claims Data ◽  
Antidepressant Use

The aim was to describe the use of and adherence to migraine preventives among insured patients meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edn (ICHD-II) criteria for migraine headaches. A retrospective, case–control study was conducted using data from a telephone interview linked with health insurance claims data. Subjects were health plan enrollees aged 18–55 years who had incurred at least one encounter between June 2000 and November 2001. Interview responses were used to identify cases meeting the ICHD-II criteria for strict and probable migraine and a random sample of controls. Pharmacy claims data were used to construct measures of use and adherence. Differences in outcomes by adherence status were evaluated using generalized linear models. We identified 2517 cases and 941 controls. Among cases, the prevalence of antidepressant use was 4%, anticonvulsant use was 1.9%, antihypertensive use was 8.9%. Combined use was 13.4% among cases and did not differ significantly from that observed among controls (12.4%). Mean adherence rate between the first and last dispensing during the year was high (88%) and did not differ by migraine status. When the entire 12-month period is considered, adherence was substantially lower (56%). Patients who were adherent between dispensings reported significantly less migraine-related disability and incurred higher prescription drug costs, but did not differ in their total medical care costs. Patients with migraine are unlikely to be users of preventive medications. Among users, few are taking preventive medications continuously. Patients with migraine—especially those without a medical diagnosis for migraine or headaches—are not receiving the benefits available from existing pharmacotherapy options.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Test Usage and Medical Expenditures from Outpatient Insurance Claims Data, 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwame Owusu-Edusei ◽  
Carla A. Winston ◽  
Suzanne M. Marks ◽  
Adam J. Langer ◽  
Roque Miramontes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Insurance Claims ◽  
Insurance Claims Data ◽  
Test Usage

Objective. To evaluate TB test usage and associated direct medical expenditures from 2013 private insurance claims data in the United States (US). Methods. We extracted outpatient claims for TB-specific and nonspecific tests from the 2013 MarketScan® commercial database. We estimated average expenditures (adjusted for claim and patient characteristics) using semilog regression analyses and compared them to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) national reimbursement limits. Results. Among the TB-specific tests, 1.4% of the enrollees had at least one claim, of which the tuberculin skin test was most common (86%) and least expensive ($9). The T-SPOT® was the most expensive among the TB-specific tests ($106). Among nonspecific TB tests, the chest radiograph was the most used test (78%), while chest computerized tomography was the most expensive ($251). Adjusted average expenditures for the majority of tests (≈74%) were above CMS limits. We estimated that total United States medical expenditures for the employer-based privately insured population for TB-specific tests were $53.0 million in 2013, of which enrollees paid 17% ($9 million). Conclusions. We found substantial differences in TB test usage and expenditures. Additionally, employer-based private insurers and enrollees paid more than CMS limits for most TB tests.

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