Retiform purpura in a patient with a history of cocaine use

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fthenakis ◽  
PA Klein
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Retiform Purpura

Cocaine use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of female twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Kendler ◽  
Carol A. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Cocaine Abuse ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Population Based Registry ◽  
Twin Resemblance

BackgroundAlthough cocaine use in women has increased substantially over the past half-century, we understand little about the aetiology in women of cocaine use and abuse, and know almost nothing about the role of genetic factors.MethodWe obtained by telephone interview a history of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence from 1934 individual twins from female–female pairs ascertained through a population-based registry, including both members of 485 monozygotic (MZ) and 335 dizygotic (DZ) pairs.ResultsThe prevalence of lifetime cocaine use, abuse and dependence were 14.0%, 3.3% and 2.3%. Probandwise concordance rates, in MZ and DZ twins, respectively, were: cocaine use 54% and 42%; cocaine abuse 47% and 8% and cocaine dependence 35% and 0%. In MZ and DZ twins, odds ratios were: cocaine use 14.2 and 6.7 and cocaine abuse 40.8 and 2.7. Biometrical model-fitting suggested that twin resemblance for liability to cocaine use was due to both genetic and familial–environmental factors while twin resemblance for cocaine abuse and symptoms of dependence was due solely to genetic factors. Estimated heritabilities were: cocaine use 0.39, cocaine abuse 0.79 and symptoms of dependence 0.65.ConclusionsThe vulnerability to cocaine use and particularly cocaine abuse and dependence in women is substantially influenced by genetic factors.

scholarly journals Recurrent Thrombotic Vasculopathy in a Former Cocaine User

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Preeti Jadhav ◽  
Hassan Tariq ◽  
Masooma Niazi ◽  
Giovanni Franchin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Rehabilitation ◽  
Cocaine User ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urine Toxicology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infectious Etiology

We report a case of a 35-year-old female who presented to the emergency room (ER) complaining of a pruritic rash involving multiple areas of the body. She had a significant history of cocaine use in the past. She had first developed a similar rash in 2013 when she was diagnosed with cocaine-induced vasculitis. Her urine toxicology had been positive for cocaine in the past until July 2013. She was incarcerated and attended a drug rehabilitation program after which she quit cocaine use, which was consistent with negative urine toxicology on subsequent admissions. Further workup did not reveal any other, autoimmune or infectious, etiology of this clinical presentation. The patient underwent biopsy of the skin lesion that was consistent with thrombotic vasculopathy likely secondary to levamisole.

scholarly journals Levamisole/Cocaine Induced Systemic Vasculitis and Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lohit Garg ◽  
Sagar Gupta ◽  
Abhishek Swami ◽  
Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Complex ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotropic Effects ◽  
Complex Deposition

Levamisole is an antihelminthic and immunomodulator medication that was banned by the USFDA in 1998. It has been increasingly used to adulterate cocaine due to its psychotropic effects and morphological properties. Adverse reactions including cutaneous vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, and agranulocytosis have been well described. Despite systemic vasculitis in this setting, renal involvement is uncommon. We report here a case of ANCA positive systemic vasculitis with biopsy proven immune complex mediated glomerulonephritis likely secondary to levamisole/cocaine. A 40-year-old Caucasian male with no past medical history presented with 3-week history of fatigue, skin rash, joint pains, painful oral lesions, oliguria, hematuria, worsening dyspnea on exertion, and progressive lower extremity edema. He had a history of regular tobacco and cocaine use. Lab testing revealed severe anemia, marked azotemia, deranged electrolytes, and 4.7 gm proteinuria. Rheumatologic testing revealed hypocomplementemia, borderline ANA, myeloperoxidase antibody, and positive atypical p-ANCA. Infectious and other autoimmune workup was negative. Kidney biopsy was consistent with immune mediated glomerulonephritis and showed mesangial proliferation and immune complex deposition consisting of IgG, IgM, and complement. High dose corticosteroids and discontinuing cocaine use resulted in marked improvement in rash, mucocutaneous lesions, and arthritis. There was no renal recovery and he remained hemodialysis dependent.

Cocaine, kicks, and strain: patterns of substance use in Milwaukee gangs

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Hagedorn ◽  
Jose Torres ◽  
Greg Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Gang Members ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Differential Association Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
Female Gang Members

This study describes the patterns of substance use by male and female gang members in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from their teenage years in the 1980s into adulthood. Milwaukee gangs started out as one form of neighborhood-based drug-using peer group. There was much variation in drug use, and family variables explained little of the variation. Male gang members raised in families with a history of gang involvement and drug use were more likely than other gang members to use cocaine and to use it seriously. On the other hand, severe family distress was not related to onset, duration, or seriousness of cocaine use in either males or females. Cocaine use for both males and females increased in adulthood. It appears that the etiology of adult and adolescent drug use may differ. Neither social control theory nor differential association theory is well suited to explain the variations in gang drug use by age or gender.

Abstract W MP57: Illicit Cocaine Use and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Stroke Prevention in Young Adults Study

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ching Cheng ◽  
Saad A Qadwai ◽  
Kathleen A Ryan ◽  
John W Cole ◽  
Steven J Kittner
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

Background: Cocaine use has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). The prevalence of illicit cocaine use in the population differs by gender and ethnicity. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of cocaine on young-onset IS in Caucasian and African American men and women. Methods: A total of 1,101 cases and 1,154 controls, aged 15 to 49 years old, were recruited from the greater Baltimore-Washington area between 1992 and 2008. Cases and controls were interviewed to assess the presence of stroke risk factors and history of illicit drug use. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between cocaine use and IS. Results: In this study, 28% of cases and 26% of controls reported a history of illicit cocaine use. Men were twice as likely as women to report a history of cocaine use (36% vs. 18%, P<0.0001), and African Americans slightly more likely than Caucasians (30% vs. 26%, P=0.01). Having a history of illicit cocaine use was not associated with IS in the overall sample or any of the gender and ethnic subgroups. However, reporting acute use of cocaine in the 24 hours prior to stroke was strongly associated with increased risk of IS in the overall sample (2.4% of cases vs. 0.4% of controls; age-adjusted OR=7.1, 95% CI: 2.4-20.3), and the strength of association was similar in Caucasians (age-adjusted OR=6.1, p=0.10) and African Americans (age-adjusted OR=6.7, p=0.002). Interestingly, the effect of acute cocaine use appeared to be stronger in females (OR=12.8, p=0.01) than males (OR=2.5, p=0.17) after adjusting for the effect of age, ethnicity and current smoking status although the gender difference in ORs was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our data suggests that acute cocaine use significantly increases IS risk in young adults, and that the effect appears to be stronger in women despite the lower frequency of cocaine use in this subgroup.

scholarly journals Fatal Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis Due to Balamuthia mandrillaris in New Mexico: A Case Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talia N. Pindyck ◽  
Lauren E. Dvorscak ◽  
Blaine L. Hart ◽  
Michael D. Palestine ◽  
Joel E. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amebic Encephalitis

Abstract Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that can cause granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE). We report a case in an individual with a history of alcohol abuse, cocaine use, and ditch water exposure. This is the first reported case of GAE due to B mandrillaris in New Mexico.

P01-51-Impulsivity and decision making measured in cocaine addicts in France

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 51-51
Author(s):  
X. He ◽  
V. Bloch ◽  
G. Brousse ◽  
F. Vorspan ◽  
J.-P. Lépine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionImpulsivity and decision making are impaired in cocaine addicts. However, most studies were performed in the USA.ObjectivesTo assess impulsivity and decision making in a sample of French cocaine addicts.MethodsSubjects40 current cocaine addicts and 21 control subjects with no history of drug abuse were compared using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Subjects from the cocaine addicted group were evaluated for cocaine craving with the Obessive Compulsive Cocaine Scale (OCCS), and for their pattern of use. Statistical analysis: The mean scores of impulsivity and decision making were compared in the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test). In the group of 40 cocaine addicts, clinical factors that could be associated with high impulsivity and poor decision making scores were tested (Spearman’ s rho, Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests).ResultCompared to controls, cocaine addicts had a higher impulsivity score (BIS: 72 ± 11 vs 57 ± 8, U = 138, p < .001) and had more disadvantageous choices on the decision making test (IGT) (advantageous minus disadvantageous choices -4 ± 19 vs 24 ± 35, U = 234, p = .005). There was a significant correlation between high impulsivity scores on the BIS and high cocaine craving as well as heavy cocaine use (more than 4 times a week). No correlation was found between poor decision making and high craving or frequent cocaine use.DiscussionThe discrepancy between impulsivity and poor decision making in cocaine addicts is discussed.

Nalmefene as an intermittent treatment for alcohol abuse triggering cocaine and sex consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S309-S309 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morera-Fumero ◽  
E. Diaz-Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Intermittent Treatment ◽  
Motivational System ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Consumption Reduction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Control Loss

Nalmefene modulates the motivational system by blocking the opioids receptors. Nalmefene indication is the alcohol consumption reduction in alcoho dependent patients. We describe the case of a patient with weekend alcohol abuse that was followed by cocaine use and sex. After being treated with nalmefene, the patient decreased alcohol consumption and did not engage cocaine use and sex. The patient is a 36-year-old man with a previous history of cocaine, cannabis and alcohol abuse. After detoxification the patient became a weekend drinker. Two months later he started complaining that after drinking he needed to consume cocaine and this led him to having sex with prostitutes. These behaviours had a serious impact on his finances that lead him to asking for help. Nalmefene, 18 mg at dinner before going out, was prescribed. Taking one pill of nalmefene “allowed me to drink several shots without feeling a need to continue drinking and, most importantly, I didn’t feel the need to consume cocaine and have sex”. In an attempt to ascertain if what had happened the previous weekend was “psychological” the patient went out without taking nalmefene. The pattern of alcohol use, control loss, and consumption of cocaine and sex repeated itself. During the following two months, the patient took nalmefene during dinner before going out every weekend and the results were the same as when he first took the treatment.ConclusionNalmefene may be helpful in the treatment of several other addictions by blocking the positive reinforcements of the drugs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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