Assessing Reserve Adequacy - Further Considerations

Policy Papers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (89) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Credit Lines ◽  
Crisis Prevention ◽  
Transitory Shocks ◽  
Good Policy ◽  
Market Pressures

Reserves remain a critical liquidity buffer for most countries. They are generally associated with lower crisis risks (crisis prevention) as well as space for authorities to respond to shocks (crisis mitigation). While other instruments, such as official credit lines and bilateral swap lines, are also external buffers, for most countries they principally act as a complement to their official reserves. For countries with sound fundamentals and a good policy framework, reserves provide policy makers with considerable space to respond to transitory shocks. However, this space diminishes as fundamentals deteriorate and the existence of adequate reserves does not, by itself, eliminate the risk of market pressures.

Socio economic and psychological dimensions of migration-induced exclusion of the elderly in Kerala, India: an empirical analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-65
Author(s):  
Damodaran Rajasenan ◽  
M. S. Jayakumar ◽  
Bijith George Abraham
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Emerging Culture ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to link the multifarious problems of the elderly in a socio-economic and psychological framework. Design/methodology/approach – The universe of the sample is elderly left behind in emigrant households in Kerala. In total, 600 samples were mustered using multistage stratified random sampling method. The paper, with the aid of factor analysis, χ2 and correspondence analysis, blemish the principal factors responsible for the migration-induced exclusion of the elderly. Findings – The empirical result derived from the study shows that migration-induced exclusion is all pervasive in Kerala. The elderly left behind yearn for the presence of their children rather than the emigration and concomitant remittances. Research limitations/implications – The findings of the study are helpful to the policy makers to understand the issues faced by the elderly and include all stakeholders concerned to find a solution to tackle these problems faced by the elderly due to emigration of their children. Practical implications – The study is practically relevant in developing appropriate policy framework in Kerala as it illumines the role of the government to overcome the exclusionary trend and other manifold problems of the elderly. Social implications – The study sheds light to a new social problem developing in the state in the form of elderly exclusion owing to emigration of the young working groups in regional dimensions, demographic levels, community angles and the emerging culture of old age home in the Kerala economy and society. Originality/value – The study is a unique one and tries to situate the principal factors responsible for the emigration-induced exclusion of the elderly in Kerala with empirical evidence.

Dispute resolution in the Islamic banking industry of Tanzania: learning from other jurisdictions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Nasser H.R. Hikmany ◽  
Umar A. Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Court System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Policy

Purpose This paper aims to examine the prospects of a dispute resolution framework for the Islamic banking industry in Tanzania under the existing legal framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on comparative study by drawing significant lessons from other jurisdictions, and argues that to avoid some of the initial drawbacks in the dispute resolution framework for Islamic banking transactions in more advanced jurisdictions like Malaysia and United Kingdom, it is important for Tanzania to get it right from the onset to effectively manage Islamic banking disputes. Findings The study finds that apart from the court system which provides the main avenue for Islamic finance litigation, other processes such as arbitration and mediation which are deemed to be more sustainable could also be developed for effective dispute management. Research limitations/implications The study focuses on Tanzania banking system with comparison to other jurisdictions. Practical implications An increase of Sharī’ah-compliant products in Tanzania has led to the establishment of a number of Islamic banks. This study demonstrates the need for Tanzania to make use and/or make adjustment of its laws for effective dispute settlement of banking-related disputes. Originality/value This study appears to be the first paper to draw significant experiences from other jurisdictions to resolve Islamic banking disputes in Tanzania. It is expected to provide a good policy framework for the stakeholders in the Islamic banking industry in Tanzania.

scholarly journals Assessment of electricity distribution business model and market design alternatives: Evidence for policy design

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ivan Pereira ◽  
Patrícia Pereira da Silva ◽  
Deborah Soule
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Electricity Distribution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Evidence For Policy

The transition toward smart electricity distribution grids is transforming the European electricity sector. This has contributed to increased attention by policy makers regarding the future role of electricity distribution system operators in a more flexible, digital, and renewables-based electricity system. A better understanding on how to support the adaptation of the electricity distribution industry can contribute to the introduction of an effective policy framework. Our research provides evidence for policy design by presenting the results of a Policy Delphi study focused on business model and market design adaptation alternatives. We highlight the importance of supporting innovation and a more proactive approach to adaptation from both distribution system operators and regulators. Our findings support the importance of electricity distribution for neutral market facilitation, contributing to market development and enabling new market players. The results obtained support policy makers working on electricity sector adaptation and can contribute to the ongoing market redesign efforts under the Energy Union.

scholarly journals Quality assurance in Asian distance education: Diverse approaches and common culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insung Jung ◽  
Tat Meng Wong ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Sanjaa Baigaltugs ◽  
Tian Belawati
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Distance Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Integration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Policy Frameworks

With the phenomenal expansion of distance education in Asia during the past three decades, there has been growing public demand for quality and accountability in distance education. This study investigates the national quality assurance systems for distance education at the higher education level in Asia with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the current level of development of quality assurance in Asian distance education and to offer potential directions for policy makers when developing and elaborating quality assurance systems for distance education. The analysis of the existing quality assurance frameworks in the 11 countries/territories selected reveals that the level of quality assurance policy integration in the overall national quality assurance in higher education policy framework varies considerably. The purpose of quality assurance, policy frameworks, methods, and instruments in place are generally tailored to each country’s particular circumstances. There are, however, obvious commonalities that underpin these different quality assurance efforts. <br /><br />

Investment Law and Poverty: Continuing the Debate through UNCTAD’s Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 889-907
Author(s):  
Faraz Rojid ◽  
Maria del Carmen Vasquez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
International Investment Agreements ◽  
New Generation

The Investment Policy Framework for Sustainable Development (ipfsd) was formulated by unctad, among others, as a response to the challenges that least-developed and developing countries face today – because of their obligations under international investment agreements (iias) – when trying to implement development or poverty alleviation policies. By looking at selected investor-state dispute settlement cases brought against Argentina, Bolivia and South Africa in response to poverty-related regulatory measures, this paper analyses the interpretation of iia clauses by arbitral tribunals, and familiarizes the reader with the policy options provided by the ipfsd. The ipfsd recommends a “new generation” of investment policies that places inclusive growth and sustainable development at the heart of efforts to attract and benefit from foreign direct investment. The ipfsd does not explicitly focus on poverty eradication; however, its comprehensive approach to sustainable development makes of it a policy tool-kit with great potential for policy makers.

scholarly journals Stories in the agenda: a Narrative Policy Framework study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1632-1653
Author(s):  
Damasio Duval Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Márcio Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Affirmative Action Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Narratives ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework

Abstract This study applies the “Narrative Policy Framework” (NPF) to the affirmative action policy process of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL) and proposes theoretical intersection between the NPF and agenda setting literature, seeking to find out the role of policy narratives in policy processes. NPF is an empiric-oriented framework that posits that the policy-makers’ stories have generalizable components and are built and crafted in accordance to their ideas. These are policy narratives, and are at the center of the policy process. By analyzing formulation stages of public policy and referring to ideas and narratives, the NPF refers to the agenda setting literature and provides means for empirical research of agenda setting concepts. The study undertook analysis of regulatory outputs and semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that policy narratives have affected institutional regulatory outputs regarding UFPel’s affirmative action policies.

scholarly journals Comparing Connecticut and Finland: Teacher Friendly Policies in an Age of Accountability

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European Country ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Conditions De Travail ◽  
Age Of Accountability

Educational policy makers across a wide array of settings have made concerted efforts to improve their educational systems by paying close attention to their teaching profession. The state of Connecticut in the north-eastern U.S.A. and the northern European country of Finland are two such jurisdictions. However, unlike most other settings, where low-trust, accountability based policies have been imposed on the teaching profession, Finland and Connecticut’s policies can be considered teacher-friendly. This paper compares the teacher policies implemented in those two settings over the past fifteen years. Given the well-documented link between teacher quality and student achievement, it is worth considering these teacher friendly policies, which shift the focus from high-stakes accountability to improving teachers’ working conditions and the overall prestige of the profession within a supportive policy framework. Les responsables des politiques de l’enseignement public, à travers une rangée étendue de milieux, ont fait conjointement des efforts pour améliorer leurs systèmes d’enseignement en prêtant plus d’attention à la profession de l’enseignement. L’ état de Connecticut dans le Nord-est des États-Unis et la Finlande, pays nordique de l’Europe sont deux de telles juridictions. Cependant, à l’opposé des autres milieux, où une confiance peu élevée et une politique ayant pour base la responsabilité scrutateuse se sont imposées sur la profession de l’enseignement, la Finlande et le Connecticut ont adopté une politique que l’on peut dire amicale envers les enseignants et enseignantes. Cet article compare ces politiques qui ont été mises en cours dans ces deux milieux pendant les quinze dernières années. Etant donné la corrélation bien documentée entre la qualité des instituteurs et institutrices et le résultat accompli des éléves, il vaut bien l’effort de considérer ces politiques amicales aux enseignants et enseignantes. Ces politiques ont remplacé le centre d’attention sur une responsabilité sévère par l’amélioration des conditions de travail des enseignants et ont rétabli le prestige de la profession dans le cadre d’une politique de soutien et d’appui.

Relationship marketing strategy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Adomah-Afari ◽  
Theophilus Maloreh-Nyamekye
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Training Institutions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how strategies are put in place to formulate policies regarding the introduction and implementation of relationship marketing (RM) in the health sector, and how RM strategies are designed as part of the curricula for the training of prospective health professionals in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered using interviews and documentary review. A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit policy makers and health educationists in Accra for in-depth interviews. Qualitative interviews were analysed using framework analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that, currently, there is no policy framework on RM in the health sector nor included in the curricula of health training institutions in the country.Research limitations/implicationsDue to limited time and funding constraints, the study could not include many policy makers, educationists, health providers, facilities and regions outside the Greater Accra region of Ghana. This means that the authors missed out on useful insights from other relevant policy makers/educationists who would have added to the knowledge that this study contributes. There were still some areas that this study could not cover, including the lack of an exploration of the perceptions of health providers and patients.Practical implicationsEvidence from the current research provides the basis for scaling up of a similar study to the whole country to address the perennial RM or quality of care/patient satisfaction issues persisting in health facilities in the country. The outcome of this large-scale study would help to confirm the findings of the current study on the adoption and incorporation of RM into both policy framework and curricula of health training institutions in Ghana. The findings would culminate in the preparation and utilisation of guidelines on RM for client-centred service delivery in the health sector of the country.Social implicationsThis paper argues that RM orientation could enable health professionals to improve upon their healthcare service performance and quality of care so as to enhance patient satisfaction.Originality/valueThe study recommends that RM should be adopted by health policy makers and designers of curricula for health training institutions.

scholarly journals Using Multiculturalism as a "New Way of Seeing the World": Ontario Aboriginal Educational Policy According to Foucault

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cherubini
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Aboriginal Peoples ◽  
District Leaders ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Identification Practices ◽  
Alternate Possibilities

<span style="font-family: &quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">By considering the <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ontario First Nation, M&eacute;tis, and Inuit Policy Framework</em> (2007) from a Foucauldian perspective, the paper presents a policy discourse of knowledge, power, and identity from a multicultural education framework.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Through Foucauldian theoretical perspectives, the paper creates alternate possibilities in confronting the ways to understand public educational policy &ndash; considered the purpose of multicultural education. This paper invites teachers, administrators, district leaders, and policy makers to consider how educational policy in one Canadian province strategically situates Aboriginal peoples in a historical context, exercises Foucauldian notions of power and care and potentially endorses the subjectification of Aboriginal peoples through recommendations of self-identification practices.</span>

Narrative Policy Framework: Narratives as heuristics in the policy process

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Veselková
Keyword(s):  
Policy Process ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Prior Beliefs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Information ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework

AbstractThis paper discusses how the assumption that individuals and policy makers do not automatically update their prior beliefs with the new information has shaped policy process theories. Rather than the rational

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