Alignment of school discipline with positive behavioural interventions and supports: The case of one disadvantaged urban South African Primary School

Background: Positive behavioural interventions and supports (PBIS) is a framework that aligns with the South African Department of Education’s Alternatives to Corporal Punishment.Aim: The aim of this study is to provide a snapshot of the extent to which policies and practices in a disadvantaged South African primary school align with PBIS.Setting: The study was conducted at a South African primary school with grades kindergarten to Grade 7 in an urban disadvantaged community.Methods: Twenty-eight teachers, administrators and non-educational school staff completed a survey that addressed: (1) common behaviour problems; (2) the extent to which the school implements five core features of PBIS and (3) the existence of a crisis prevention and intervention plan.Results: In this disadvantaged school, there is little evidence that (1) a cohesive, evidence-based schoolwide behaviour plan exists that includes multi-tiered systems of support; (2) staff have the expertise to implement a positive and proactive behaviour plan or are provided adequate professional development; (3) staff follow the plan and are held accountable for following it and (4) a representative leadership team provides oversight and direction regarding the plan by using learner behaviour data.Conclusion: The results indicate that there is a lack of multi-tiered systems of behavioural support and a continued reliance on reactive and punitive approaches to learner behaviour. Moreover, staff do not adhere to the schoolwide behaviour plan, are not held accountable for doing so, and need training in key areas of behaviour management.

The Intersectionality of Activism and Public Health in New York State: Can Labor/Health and Safety Move Addiction Recovery Forward?

People affected by overdose deaths are advocating for prevention and increased access to treatment. Activist coalitions challenged the deadly impact of stigma, discrimination, and inadequate access to life-saving substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health care. Advocacy by coalitions resulted in federal and state funding and legislation, improving access to care. New York State is a model for these reforms. Occupational safety and health activists have largely been absent from this critical policy work even though 70% of people who are struggling with substance use are working. Antiquated workplace policies discipline workers who have substance use problems, silencing those who need support. Pain related to hazardous and stressful work are drivers of the crisis. Prevention and recovery-friendly workplace programs are part of the solution. Partnerships among employers, unions and safety and health activists with the recovery movement can prevent SUD and help affected workers build and sustain their recovery.

Strategic management of the enterprise in the conditions in the instability of the market environment

The article discusses the role of preventive anti-crisis management on the basis of comprehensive measures to overcome the crisis situations. The reasons and moments of crisis beginning are considered, and in case of objective impossibility to avoid entering the crisis period, the approaches to overcoming them are indicated. The basic concepts of anti-crisis management, preventive management and preventive anti-crisis management, which are effective tools for crisis management in the conditions of cyclical crisis phenomena, are defined. The main tasks of preventive anti-crisis management are revealed, and the estimation of probability of occurrence and analysis of consequences of influence of potential crisis phenomena and situations, at development of anti-crisis strategy, realization of action plans on crisis prevention is presented. The key areas of preventive management and the necessary tools for the implementation of anti-crisis measures at the enterprise are identified. The crisis warning functions that will be performed by the crisis prevention service are presented.

ANTINKSČIŲ KRIZĖ: PATOLOGIJOS APŽVALGA IR GYDYMO BEI PREVENCIJOS GALIMYBĖS

Antinksčių krizė − tai ūmi gyvybei pavojinga būklė, le­mianti pacientų, kuriems patvirtintas antinksčių nepa­kankamumas, didesnį mirštamumą. Nepaisant didelės antinksčių nepakankamumo gydymo pažangos, antinks­čių krizė vis dar išlieka viena iš pagrindinių šios grupės pacientų mirties priežasčių, nes jai būdingas sisteminis organizmo pažeidimas, nesant specifinių simptomų, to­dėl sunku diagnozuoti ir neretai pavėluojama gydyti. Šiuo Straipsniuyje plačiau bus aptartasiamas antinksčių krizės aktualumas, ligai būdingąa klinika, gydymo bei prevencijos gairės. Tyrimo tikslas − apžvelgti ir aptarti retos, tačiau gyvy­bei itin pavojingos būklės – antinksčių krizės epidemi­ologijos, diagnostikos bei gydymo naujoves. Atlikta naujausių prevencinių programų bei gydymo gairių, ku­rios leistų sumažinti šios klinikinės būklės atvejų skaičių ateityje, paieška mokslinėje literatūroje. Literatūros šal­tinių paieška vykdyta anglų kalba PubMed, UpToDate, Medscape ir Cohrane medicinos duomenų bazėse. Nau­doti raktiniai žodžiai ir jų deriniai: adrenal crisis, adrenal insufficiency, hydrocortisone, treatment guidelines for adrenal crisis, prevention of adrenal crisis syndrome. Atrinkti 24 viso teksto moksliniai straipsniai, atitikę ty­rimo tikslą ir atlikta jų analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad pagrindinis šią patologiją išprovokuojantis veiksnys yra infekcija, tačiau antinksčių krizės priežastis gali būti operacija, trauma, gliukokortikoidų terapijos plano nesi­laikymas ar itin sunkus fizinis stresas. Pirmoji pagalba, nustačius antinksčių krizę, apima: parenterinį hidrokor­tizono skyrimą, rehidrataciją ir elektrolitų homeostazės atkūrimą. Pagrindinė prevencijos priemonė – pacientų edukacija. Išvados: 1) pirmo pasirinkimo vaistas gydyti antinksčių krizę yra hidrokortizonas; 2) pirmos kartos ir ilgo veikimo gliukokortikoidai prednizolonas ir dek­sametazonas nerekomenduojami, išskyrus atvejus, kai hidrokortizonu nepasiekiama efektyvaus gydymo; 3) laiku pradėtas adekvatus gretutinių ligų, tokių kaip vėžys, autoimuniniai susirgimai, antinksčių nepakankamumas bei infekcijos, gydymas gali sumažinti antinksčių krizės atvejų skaičių; 4) sergantieji Adisono liga, reguliariai naudojantys specialius klausimynus savo būklei įver­tinti, gali reikšmingai sumažinti antinksčių krizės riziką.

EU’s Crisis Response Strategy in Light of Global Challenges

The author explores the key aspects of EU‟s crisis response strategy evolution. Special attention is paid to the EU‟s policy countering hybrid threats and promoting cyber security, informationcommunication technology, mediation. The article shows that the EU‟s strategy aimed at creation of modern information-communication infrastructure and digital platforms in different regions of the world significantly broaden the technical capacity of the EU to monitor crisis situations, to take measures for an early prevention of conflicts and to timely forecast potential armed conflicts and optimal parameters of the EU‟s technical assistance for the purpose of development and post-conflict reconstruction of conflict-affected states. The author underlines that the modernization of the EU‟s crisis prevention strategy is driven by the new challenges to global and European security as well as by a profound transformation of modern international relations. Cooperation of the EU and the UN in the sphere of peacekeeping and the EU‟s military operation in the framework of the crisis management strategy has also been analyzed. Specific details of the EU‟s concept of “complex approach” to the crisis prevention strategy have been equally presented in the paper.

Food Estate Management as Global Food Crisis Prevention Through the Implementation of the BNI Tani Card Program at Pulang Pisau

Needs realization of the food estate concept partially in strengthening food security in the agricultural sector cannot be done by the government and society, but also involves corporations. One form of corporate involvement in this research is a program from BNI in the form of farmer cards. The farmer card program is expected to provide efficiency for farmers so that they can receive the distribution of government support in the right amount, the right type, the right time, the right place, the right quality and the right price. This study aims to measure the implementation of the BNI farmer card implementation to provide a pattern of relationship to the potential development of the food estate concept in Pulang Pisau. implementation of BNI farmer cards in the Pulang Pisau community through indicators of understanding and compliance (X1), behavior and culture (X2), economic conditions (X3), policy issues (X4), facilities and infrastructure (X5), and stakeholder support (X6) for Realization food estate concept. The research design was carried out in a cross-sectional manner using a quantitative approach through smart PLS. The results show the value of the six factors measured through the implementation of the BNI farmer card, which later on this value will become a basis for sustainability and policy adjustments in the realization of food estate in the region itself through government, community and corporate cooperation in realizing food security against global food crisis.

EU Bank Regulation after the Great Financial Crisis

The chapter outlines the main features of the post-crisis regulatory regime for banks in the European Union. It traces the evolution of the approach taken by EU legislators which transformed the deregulation which prevailed prior to the Great Financial Crisis (GFC) into a regulatory regime which though far from financial repression known in the 1970s, is oriented towards functionally prioritizing financial stability and banks’ functions in the broader economy. This is achieved through co-responsibilization of the banking sector for public objectives, explicit regulation of structure and operations as well as far-reaching powers granted to new oversight authorities. The chapter explains the features of such a new bespoke regulatory regime for EU cross-border banking drawing on the new framework for bank crisis prevention and management, that is EU resolution law.

Pandemia COVID-19 a gospodarka Unii Europejskiej – instrumenty antykryzysowe oraz implikacje dla budżetu UE i jej państw członkowskich

At the turn of 2019 and 2020 the world economy experienced a slowdown resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Negative repercussions of the measures taken, related to the slowdown in economic activity, have been experienced by all EU Member States. The article aims to present the influence of the pandemic on the EU economy and to identify the selected EU measures and instruments implemented to counteract the implications of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021–2027. The authors attempt to answer the following questions: (1) Will the actions taken by the European Commission and temporary state aid measures positively impact reducing the negative implications of the economic and social crisis caused by the pandemic? (2) Are the proposed instruments and their financing sources ensuring the recovery of the EU economy sufficient? The article puts forward a hypothesis that the prepared financial instruments implemented at the EU level should reduce the negative implications of the pandemic to some extent; however, close cooperation between the Member States and European institutions in terms of coordination of the implemented measures and instruments is necessary to render them more effectively. The authors utilise the descriptive, normative and diachronic methods. The analysis of the implemented remedial actions at the EU level and at the level of a Member State (Poland) leads to the conclusion that despite the economic crisis prevention measures introduced by the European Commission, the burden of counteracting the consequences of the epidemic rests mainly with the countries whose governments have introduced anti-crisis packages.