scholarly journals Chad

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (231) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Country Report ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
Severe Recession

Chad’s economy has been severely impacted by the twin Covid-19 pandemic and terms of trade shocks. A national lockdown to contain the spread of the virus, disruptions in supply chains, and a drop in international oil prices are curtailing economic activity and weakening the outlook. While the authorities’ policy response has been timely and proactive, the economic shock and containment policies are triggering a severe recession, resulting in significant social costs and urgent balance of payment and budget financing needs. These are estimated at 7.0 percent of non-oil GDP compared to 4.6 percent in IMF Country Report No. 20/134. The pandemic is unfolding in a context of rising regional and domestic insecurity and an already weak health care system, which are exacerbating Chad’s vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Kingdom of Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (229) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
External Demand ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Economic Shock ◽  
The Government ◽  
Severe Recession

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a severe impact on Eswatini’s economy at a time when the country is already facing deep economic challenges, and the government has begun fiscal consolidation efforts. A national lockdown to contain the spread of the virus, disruptions in supply chains, and lower external demand for key exports are curtailing economic activity. While the authorities’ policy response has been timely and proactive, the economic shock and containment policies are triggering a severe recession with significant social costs, and have created urgent balance of payments needs. The pandemic is unfolding in a context of high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and a stretched health care system, which increase Eswatini’s vulnerability.

Micro-Level Analysis of Distributional Changes in Health Care Financing in Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Klavus ◽  
Unto Häkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Income Data ◽  
Severe Recession ◽  
Care System

Objectives: In the early 1990s the Finnish economy suffered a severe recession at the same time as health care reforms were taking place. This study examines the effects of these changes on the distribution of contributions to health care financing in relation to household income. Explanations for changes in various indicators of health care expenditure and use during that time are offered. Method: The analysis is based partly on actual income data and partly on simulated data from the base year (1990). It employs methods that allow the estimation of confidence intervals for inequality indices (the Gini coefficient and Kakwani's progressivity index). Results: In spite of the substantial decrease in real incomes during the recession, the distribution of income remained almost unaltered. The share of total health care funding derived from poorer households increased somewhat, due purely to structural changes. The financial plight of the public sector led to the share of total funding from progressive income taxes to decrease, while regressive indirect taxes and direct payments by households contributed more. Conclusions: It seems that, aside from an increased financing burden on poorer households, Finland's health care system has withstood the tremendous changes of the early 1990s fairly well. This is largely attributable to the features of the tax-financed health care system, which apportions the effects of financial and functional disturbances equitably.

scholarly journals Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (383) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Global Growth

Tighter macroeconomic and financial policies helped to avert a deeper crisis, and gross external reserves increased more rapidly in recent months, largely exceeding the mid-2019 target. However, reserves are still below the level appropriate for commodityexporting economies (5 months of imports) to absorb terms of trade shocks. Fiscal consolidation has been tilted towards cuts in public investment. This, together with a lack of significant progress in structural reforms, has weighed on growth which remains too low. The outlook for 2019 and beyond foresees further improvement in regional reserves assuming CEMAC countries remain committed to their program objectives and new programs with CAR and Equatorial Guinea could start around end-2019. This outlook is subject to potentially significant risks, including: a significant slowdown in global growth and associated decline in oil prices; a deterioration in the security situation in some countries; and weaker implementation of IMF-supported programs.

scholarly journals Terms-of-Trade Shocks are Not all Alike

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (280) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Pace ◽  
Luciana Juvenal ◽  
Ivan Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Import Prices ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Output Fluctuations

When analyzing terms-of-trade shocks, it is implicitly assumed that the economy responds symmetrically to changes in export and import prices. Using a sample of developing countries our paper shows that this is not the case. We construct export and import price indices using commodity and manufacturing price data matched with trade shares and separately identify export price, import price, and global economic activity shocks using sign and narrative restrictions. Taken together, export and import price shocks account for around 40 percent of output fluctuations but export price shocks are, on average, twice as important as import price shocks for domestic business cycles.

scholarly journals Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (185) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trade Shocks ◽  
Current Account Deficits ◽  
Supply Shocks ◽  
Trading Partners

Cameroon is facing urgent financing needs driven by the twin Covid-19 pandemic and terms of trade shocks. Externally, Cameroon is exposed to demand and supply shocks due to the slowdown in major trading partners (China and Europe) and falling oil prices. Domestically, containment efforts to slow the number of Covid-19 cases, which have grown rapidly since March 6, 2020, are expected to further slow growth and widen the fiscal and current account deficits.

Teletinnitus Program at the VA Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Constance Hilory Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Care System

There are a multitude of reasons that a teletinnitus program can be beneficial, not only to the patients, but also within the hospital and audiology department. The ability to use technology for the purpose of tinnitus management allows for improved appointment access for all patients, especially those who live at a distance, has been shown to be more cost effective when the patients travel is otherwise monetarily compensated, and allows for multiple patient's to be seen in the same time slots, allowing for greater access to the clinic for the patients wishing to be seen in-house. There is also the patient's excitement in being part of a new technology-based program. The Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System (GCVHCS) saw the potential benefits of incorporating a teletinnitus program and began implementation in 2013. There were a few hurdles to work through during the beginning organizational process and the initial execution of the program. Since the establishment of the Teletinnitus program, the GCVHCS has seen an enhancement in patient care, reduction in travel compensation, improvement in clinic utilization, clinic availability, the genuine excitement of the use of a new healthcare media amongst staff and patients, and overall patient satisfaction.

What is the best way to reform the U.S. health care system?

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
KEVIN GRUMBACH ◽  
ROBERT MOFFIT
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Care System
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