Discrimination Between Active and Non-Active Faults Based on the Chemical Composition of Fault Gouge

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Ryo TATEISHI ◽  
Koji SHIMADA ◽  
Mayuko SHIMIZU ◽  
Tadamasa UEKI ◽  
Masakazu NIWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Fault Gouge

Erratum: Discrimination Between Active and Non-Active Faults Based on the Chemical Composition of Fault Gouge

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. E-1-E-5
Author(s):  
Ryo TATEISHI ◽  
Koji SHIMADA ◽  
Mayuko SHIMIZU ◽  
Tadamasa UEKI ◽  
Masakazu NIWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Fault Gouge

Contributions of fault gouge mineralogy on aseismic creep of active faults: the East Anatolian Fault (Eastern Turkey) as a case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Müge Yazıcı ◽  
Mehran Basmenji ◽  
Mehmet Köküm ◽  
Ugur Dogan ◽  
Cengiz Zabcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Fault Zone ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Fault Gouge ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Fault Rocks ◽  
Tunnel Section ◽  
East Anatolian Fault

<p>In the complex tectonic setting of the Eastern Mediterranean, the westward motion of the Anatolian Block is accommodated mainly along its boundary faults, the North Anatolian Shear Zone (NASZ) and the East Anatolian Shear Zone (EASZ). Although there are relatively limited studies on the active tectonics of the EASZ, horizontal slip rate is suggested to be of about 10 mm/yr, using geodetic data. In terms of instrumental and historical seismicity, this sinistral strike-slip fault generated surface rupturing earthquakes along almost its entire length except two segments, Palu in the northeast and Turkoglu in the southwest, creating two seismic gaps on the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), the most prominent member of the EASZ. In spite of the fact that there are some off-fault seismic activities such as the 2010 Kovancılar Earthquake (M 6.1) in the vicinity of Palu Seismic Gap, recent geodetic measurements show significant aseismic creep, almost retaining the full far plate velocity (~10 mm/yr) for about 100 km-long section of the fault. Hence, the region is continuously monitored by various types of techniques, such as GNSS, InSAR, creepmeter, seismology, and high-resolution photogrammetry.</p><p>In addition to monitoring, we investigated the mechanical signature of the creep in the fault zone using fault rocks along the Palu Segment. We collected several samples directly from the deformation zone of the EAF, which makes the boundary between limestones of the Kirkgecit Formation and the chaotic alternation of volcanics, mudstones, and limestones of the Maden Complex, at two locations. The Underground Railway Tunnel Section (39.9504°N, 38.6976°E) is cut by the fault zone where the creep signals are recorded by a creepmeter. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of collected samples of this locality suggest the presence of montmorillonite (smectite group) as the main clay mineral in addition to chlorite-kaolinite with a negligible amount of illite-mica minerals within the fault rocks. This preliminary result suggests a linkage between the creeping and petrophysical properties of fault rocks, which are made of the weak smectite mineral and show no-frictional healing as the expected characteristics of the creep. However, the preliminary analyses of fault gouge samples from the Murat River Section (39.9696°N, 38.7043°E) yield a small amount of smectite group clays. We are going to extend our study at different locations in order to increase the spatial resolution on the relation between the fault rocks and creep motion. This study is supported by the TUBITAK Project no. 118Y435.</p>

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽  
K.I. Kozlova ◽  
V.S. Lebedev ◽  
N.S. Polosukhina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

Thermomechanical Treatment of a 4340 Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 314-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Jahn ◽  
J.C. Yang ◽  
C.M. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
4340 Steel ◽  
Good Improvement

4340 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy steel is widely used due to its good combination of strength and toughness. The mechanical property of 4340 steel can be improved by various thermal treatments. The influence of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) has been studied in a low carbon Ni-Cr-Mo steel having chemical composition closed to 4340 steel. TMT of 4340 steel is rarely examined up to now. In this study we obtain good improvement on the mechanical property of 4340 steel by TMT. The mechanism is explained in terms of TEM microstructures4340 (0.39C-1.81Ni-0.93Cr-0.26Mo) steel was austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. The TMTed specimen (T) was obtained by forging the specimen continuously as the temperature of the specimen was decreasing from 950°C to 600°C followed by oil quenching to room temperature. The thickness reduction ratio by forging is 40%. The conventional specimen (C) was obtained by quenching the specimen directly into room temperature oil after austenitized at 950°C for 30 minutes. All quenched specimens (T and C) were then tempered at 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650°C for four hours respectively.

Application Of Electron Probe Analyses Of Minerals In Discussing The Relationship Between Ductile Deformation And Metamorphism

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Fan Guochuan ◽  
Sun Zhongshi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ductile Shear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ductile Shear Deformation

Under influence of ductile shear deformation, granulite facies mineral paragenesis underwent metamorphism and changes in chemical composition. The present paper discusses some changes in chemical composition of garnet in hypers thene_absent felsic gnesiss and of hypersthene in rock in early and late granulite facies undergone increasing ductile shear deformation .In garnet fetsic geniss, band structures were formed because of partial melting and resulted in zoning from massive⟶transitional⟶melanocrate zones in increasing deformed sequence. The electron-probe analyses for garnet in these zones are listed in table 1 . The Table shows that Mno, Cao contents in garnet decrease swiftly from slightly to intensely deformed zones.In slightly and moderately deformed zones, Mgo contents keep unchanged and Feo is slightly lower. In intensely deformed zone, Mgo contents increase, indicating a higher temperature. This is in accord with the general rule that Mgo contents in garnet increase with rising temperature.

Chemical composition of aerosol during particle formation events in boreal forest

Tellus B ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. MÄKELÄ ◽  
S. YLI‐KOIVISTO ◽  
V. HILTUNEN ◽  
W. SEIDL ◽  
E. SWIETLICKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Particle Formation
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