Ultrasound screening for cervical, abdominal and scrotal malignant and benign abnormalities in children

IntroductionUltrasonography plays an important role in evaluation of many diseases in pediatric population. The noninvasiveness of the method allows to its wide use in children. It is a first-line diagnostic test for detecting lymphadenopathy, benign and malignant abnormalities of the thyroid gland, abdominal structures or testes in boys. The Ultrasound Screening Program “No to Cancer in Children” was introduced to detect neoplastic lesions and possible developmental disorders in children with no symptoms to allow early diagnosis.Material and methodsThe children were scanned in special mobile ambulance - Ronald McDonald Care Mobile, equipped with two high-tech ultrasound devices. Ultrasound scans, including cervical, abdominal, pelvical and scrotal ultrasound were performed in population of asymptomatic children. In the years 2006-2019, 67.594 children, 34.892 boys and 32.702 girls aged from 9 months to 6 years were examined.ResultsTotally, 18.544 various abnormalities were detected. In case of the neck they were found in 7542 children, which represent nearly 11.2% of all patients. Changes in abdominal ultrasound were found in 4.496 cases (6.65%). Abnormalities of the male reproductive system were detected in 6.474 boys (18.5%). Twelve tumors were detected.ConclusionsScreening has proved to be very useful for the early identification cancerous as well as precancerous lesions. It is also worth continuing for a reason of effective detection of other childhood anomalies.

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Long-term results of a nationwide general ultrasound screening system for developmental disorders of the hip: the Austrian hip screening program

Journal of Children s Orthopaedics ◽

10.1007/s11832-014-0555-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Christoph Thallinger ◽

Renata Pospischill ◽

Rudolf Ganger ◽

Christof Radler ◽

Christoph Krall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Developmental Disorders ◽

Screening Program ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Screening System

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Ultrasound screening program for detection of fetal malformations. Past and current status.

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpme.1982.10.s2.79 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 10 (s2) ◽

pp. 79-80

Author(s):

M. S. Ramzin ◽

M. J. Hinselmann ◽

F. Allemann ◽

S. Näpflin

Keyword(s):

Screening Program ◽

Current Status ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Fetal Malformations

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Influence of Age, Sex, and Anthropometric Determinants on the Foot Posture Index in a Pediatric Population

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/14-097 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 124-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana María Jimenez-Cebrian ◽

María Francisca Morente-Bernal ◽

Pedro Daniel Román-Bravo ◽

Juan Francisco Saucedo-Badía ◽

Juan Antonio Alonso-Ríos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Population ◽

Quantitative Result ◽

Total Sample ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Foot Posture Index ◽

Posture Index ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Foot Posture ◽

The Mean ◽

Foot Position

Background: The Foot Posture Index (FPI) is a clinical tool for diagnosis that aims to quantify the grade of a foot position as neutral, pronated, or supinated. Its purpose is to develop a simple six-factor method for rating foot posture with an easy and quantitative result. We evaluated possible differences in the FPI by sex and the influences of age, weight, height, foot size, and body mass index (BMI) on foot posture. Methods: In 150 asymptomatic children (79 boys and 71 girls) aged 8 to 13 years, we determined weight, height, BMI, and FPI in the bipedal, static, and relaxed position. The FPI was obtained as the sum of the scores (–2, –1, 0, 1, 2) given to each of the six criteria. Results: The mean ± SD FPI value for the total sample was 5.1 ± 2.1 (boys: 5.1 ± 2.2; girls: 5.2 ± 2.0), so there were no significant differences between the sexes (P = .636). Of the 150 feet examined, none had FPI values of very supinated or highly pronated, two were supinated (1.3%), 76 neutral (50.7%), and 72 pronated (48.0%). Of the total FPI values, 7.7% can be explained by anthropometric variables: height, weight, and foot size (r2 = 0.077; P < .010). Conclusions: The most frequent foot postures in the sample were neutral and pronated. Neither age nor BMI explained variations in the FPI.

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Community-based Screening Program to Detect Pre-School Children with Developmental Disorders.

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyv096.571 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i289-i289

Author(s):

M. Sato ◽

K. Suzuki ◽

M. Aihara ◽

Z. Yamagata

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Developmental Disorders ◽

Screening Program ◽

Community Based

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Ultrasound Entropy Imaging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Association with Metabolic Syndrome

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e20120893 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 893 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ying-Hsiu Lin ◽

Yin-Yin Liao ◽

Chih-Kuang Yeh ◽

Kuen-Cheh Yang ◽

Po-Hsiang Tsui

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Image Data ◽

Abdominal Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Third

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of advanced liver diseases. Fat accumulation in the liver changes the hepatic microstructure and the corresponding statistics of ultrasound backscattered signals. Acoustic structure quantification (ASQ) is a typical model-based method for analyzing backscattered statistics. Shannon entropy, initially proposed in information theory, has been demonstrated as a more flexible solution for imaging and describing backscattered statistics without considering data distribution. NAFLD is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, we investigated the association between ultrasound entropy imaging of NAFLD and MetS for comparison with that obtained from ASQ. A total of 394 participants were recruited to undergo physical examinations and blood tests to diagnose MetS. Then, abdominal ultrasound screening of the liver was performed to calculate the ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator (US-FLI) as a measure of NAFLD severity. The ASQ analysis and ultrasound entropy parametric imaging were further constructed using the raw image data to calculate the focal disturbance (FD) ratio and entropy value, respectively. Tertiles were used to split the data of the FD ratio and entropy into three groups for statistical analysis. The correlation coefficient r, probability value p, and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. With an increase in the US-FLI, the entropy value increased (r = 0.713; p < 0.0001) and the FD ratio decreased (r = –0.630; p < 0.0001). In addition, the entropy value and FD ratio correlated with metabolic indices (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for confounding factors, entropy imaging (OR = 7.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96–65.18 for the second tertile; OR = 20.47, 95% CI: 2.48–168.67 for the third tertile; p = 0.0021) still provided a more significant link to the risk of MetS than did the FD ratio obtained from ASQ (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.27–1.14 for the second tertile; OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.15–1.17 for the third tertile; p = 0.13). Thus, ultrasound entropy imaging can provide information on hepatic steatosis. In particular, ultrasound entropy imaging can describe the risk of MetS for individuals with NAFLD and is superior to the conventional ASQ technique.

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Cost-effectiveness of a bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination program in Japan

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh14241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 520 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luke B. Connelly ◽

Ha N. D. Le

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Screening Program ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽

The Cost

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and their widespread adoption have the potential to relieve a large part of the burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries that have low screening rates or, like Japan, lack a cohesive universal screening program. An economic evaluation was conducted to assess the cost-effectiveness of introducing a bivalent HPV vaccination program in Japan from a healthcare perspective. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates both vaccination and screening was developed for Japan. The modelled intervention, a bivalent HPV vaccine with a 100% lifetime vaccine efficacy and 80% vaccine coverage, given to a cohort of 12-year-old Japanese girls in conjunction with the current screening program, was compared with screening alone in terms of costs and effectiveness. A discount rate of 5% was applied to both costs and utilities where relevant. Results: Vaccination alongside screening compared with screening alone is associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$20 315 per quality-adjusted-life-year gained if 80% coverage is assumed. The ICER at 5% coverage with the vaccine plus screening, compared with screening alone, is US$1158. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness results suggest that the addition of a HPV vaccination program to Japan’s cervical cancer screening program is highly likely to prove a cost-effective way to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, precancerous lesions and HPV16/18-related diseases.

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Screening Program of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Angiology ◽

10.1177/0003319718824940 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 407-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Muriel Sprynger ◽

Michel Willems ◽

Hendrik Van Damme ◽

Benny Drieghe ◽

J. C. Wautrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Screening Program ◽

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Aortic Aneurysms ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Care Providers ◽

Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Elective Repair

In Europe, the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in the elderly population (≥65 year old) has declined in the past decades to <4%. Aneurysmal degeneration of the aorta is a serious and potentially life-threatening vascular disease. Abdominal aortic aneurysms typically develop subclinically and often only become symptomatic when complicated by impending rupture. Most AAAs are discovered incidentally while investigating for an unrelated pathology. Ruptured AAA is the tenth leading cause of death in Belgium (0.32% of all deaths in 2014). Health-care providers have emphasized the importance of early detection of AAA and elective repair when the rupture risk outweighs operative risk (usual diameter threshold of 55 mm). Routine AAA screening programs, consisting of a single abdominal ultrasonography at the age of 65 years, aim to reduce the number of AAA-related deaths. Does population-based ultrasound screening for AAA achieve its objective and is it cost-effective? This literature review tries to answer these challenging questions.

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