Muscular activity patterns of female and male athletes during the flat
bench press

Electrical activity and length changes of 11 muscles of the fore- and hind- limbs of dogs walking, running, and galloping on a treadmill, were measured as a function of forward speed and gait. Our purpose was to find out whether the activity patterns of the major limb muscles were consistent with the two mechanisms proposed for storage and recovery of energy within a stride: a ‘pendulum-like’ mechanism during a walk, and a ‘spring-like’ mechanism during a run. In the stance phase of the walking dog, we found that the supraspinatus, long head of the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius underwent only minor length changes during a relatively long portion of their activity, Thus, a major part of their activity during the walk seems consistent with a role in stabilization of the joints as the dog ‘pole-vaulted’ over its limbs (and thereby conserved energy). In the stance phase of trotting and/or galloping dogs, we found that the supraspinatus, lateral head of the triceps, vastus lateralis, and gastrocnemius were active while being stretched prior to shortening (as would be required for elastic storage of energy), and that this type of activity increased with increasing speed. We also found muscular activity in the select limb flexors that was consistent with storage of kinetic energy at the end of the swing phase and recovery during the propulsive stroke. This activity pattern was apparent in the latissimus dorsi during a walk and trot, and in the biceps femoris during a trot and gallop. We conclude that, during locomotion, a significant fraction of the electrical activity of a number of limbs muscles occurs while they undergo little or no length change or are being stretched prior to shortening and that these types of activities occur in a manner that would enable the operation of pendulum-like and spring-like mechanisms for conserving energy within a stride. Therefore these forms of muscular activity, in addition to the more familiar activity associated with muscle shortening, should be considered to be important during locomotion.

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Using Repetitions to Fatigue to Predict One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press in Male High School Athletes

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.16.3.265 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 265-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. L. Mayhew ◽

Chad D. Kerksick ◽

Doug Lentz ◽

John S. Ware ◽

David L. Mayhew

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Bench Press ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

High School Athletes ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

Male High School ◽

Press Performance ◽

New Equation ◽

High School Athletic

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repetitions to fatigue (RTF) for estimating one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press performance in male high school athletes. Members of high school athletic teams (N = 213, age = 16.3 ± 1.1 yrs, weight = 79.9 ± 16.7 kg) from four states were tested for 1-RM bench press and RTF after completing 4–6 weeks of resistance training. A new equation for use with male high school athletes was developed from a random sample of 180 participants; it appears to have excellent predictive potential (r = 0.96, SEE = 4.5 kg) and cross-validated well on a subsample (n = 33) from this population (r = 0.98, t = 0.64). Therefore, RTF can be used with acceptable accuracy to estimate maximal strength in the majority of adolescent male athletes who need to handle excessively heavy weights.

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Patterns of lower limb muscular activity and joint moments during directional efforts using a static dynamometer

BMC Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.1186/s42490-019-0035-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mathieu Lalumiere ◽

Cloé Villeneuve ◽

Cassandra Bellavance ◽

Michel Goyette ◽

Daniel Bourbonnais

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Muscle Groups

Abstract Background Strength and coordination of lower muscle groups typically identified in healthy subjects are two prerequisites to performing functional activities. These physical qualities can be impaired following a neurological insult. A static dynamometer apparatus that measures lower limb joint moments during directional efforts at the foot was developed to recruit different patterns of muscular activity. The objectives of the present study were to 1) validate joint moments estimated by the apparatus, and 2) to characterize lower limb joint moments and muscular activity patterns of healthy subjects during progressive static efforts. Subjects were seated in a semi-reclined position with one foot attached to a force platform interfaced with a laboratory computer. Forces and moments exerted under the foot were computed using inverse dynamics, allowing for the estimation of lower limb joint moments. To achieve the study’s first objective, joint moments were validated by comparing moments of various magnitudes of force applied by turnbuckles on an instrumented leg equipped with strain gauges with those estimated by the apparatus. Concurrent validity and agreement were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients and Bland and Altman analysis, respectively. For the second objective, joint moments and muscular activity were characterized for five healthy subjects while exerting progressive effort in eight sagittal directions. Lower limb joint moments were estimated during directional efforts using inverse dynamics. Muscular activity of eight muscles of the lower limb was recorded using surface electrodes and further analyzed using normalized root mean square data. Results The joint moments estimated with the instrumented leg were correlated (r > 0.999) with those measured by the dynamometer. Limits of agreement ranged between 8.5 and 19.2% of the average joint moment calculated by both devices. During progressive efforts on the apparatus, joint moments and patterns of muscular activity were specific to the direction of effort. Patterns of muscular activity in four directions were similar to activation patterns reported in the literature for specific portions of gait cycle. Conclusion This apparatus provides valid joint moments exerted at the lower limbs. It is suggested that this methodology be used to recruit muscular activity patterns impaired in neurological populations.

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Motor patterns for horizontal and upside down walking and vertical climbing in the locust

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.198.9.1963 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 198 (9) ◽

pp. 1963-1976 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C Duch ◽

H J Pflüger

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Motor Units ◽

Structural Data ◽

Step Cycle ◽

Extreme Position ◽

Motor Patterns ◽

Small Unit ◽

Walking Activity ◽

Vertical Climbing

The motor patterns of the locust's flexor tibiae and metathoracic subcoxal joint muscles were compared during unrestrained horizontal walking, vertical climbing and walking upside-down hanging from a branch. Combining anatomical and structural data with the results from myographic recordings revealed the role of these muscles during walking and their functional adjustments to different loads and gravity effects caused by changes in walking conditions. Motor patterns are remarkably constant during a given walking situation even at quite different walking speeds. In all walking situations, changes in step duration correlate strongly with changes in the duration of retraction but only weakly with the duration of protraction. Different motor units of one muscle can be distinguished by their spike amplitude. They may be active simultaneously or they may alternate and then fire in different phases of the step cycle. For example, during horizontal walking, the small unit of the first abductor (M125) is active during protraction and the large one during retraction. During retraction, the coxal muscles serve two functions: (1) the joint has to be brought back to the posterior extreme position by retractor muscles; (2) the joint has to be stabilized, that is held 'stiffly', by co-activity of functional antagonists. During protraction, it is moved to the anterior extreme position by powerful contractions of protractor muscles. The muscular activity patterns show marked differences depending on the walking situation. Some large motor units spike only sporadically during horizontal walking but burst during vertical climbing and upside-down walking (muscle M121p, the large units of muscles M126 and M120). During upside-down walking, muscles M120 and M121 and the large unit of muscle M125 are active during opposite phases of the step cycle when compared with horizontal walking and vertical climbing (for example, during walking and climbing, muscle M120 is active at the transition between retraction and protraction, whereas during upside-down walking, activity occurs during late protraction and early retraction). The results describe how motor patterns are adjusted to the different requirements of various walking situations.

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The mechanics of swallowing and the muscular control of diverse behaviours in gopher snakes

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.203.17.2589 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 203 (17) ◽

pp. 2589-2601 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B.R. Moon

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

The Body ◽

Lateral Bending ◽

Pituophis Melanoleucus ◽

Undulatory Locomotion ◽

Axial System ◽

Inside Out ◽

Functional Versatility ◽

King Snakes

Snakes are excellent subjects for studying functional versatility and potential constraints because their movements are constrained to vertebral bending and twisting. In many snakes, swallowing is a kind of inside-out locomotion. During swallowing, vertebral bends push food from the jaws along a substantial length of the body to the stomach. In gopher snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus) and king snakes (Lampropeltis getula), swallowing often begins with lateral bending of the head and neck as the jaws advance unilaterally over the prey. Axial movement then shifts to accordion-like, concertina bending as the prey enters the oesophagus. Once the prey is completely engulfed, concertina bending shifts to undulatory bending that pushes the prey to the stomach. The shift from concertina to undulatory bending reflects a shift from pulling the prey into the throat (or advancing the mouth over the prey) to pushing it along the oesophagus towards the stomach. Undulatory kinematics and muscular activity patterns are similar in swallowing and undulatory locomotion. However, the distinct mechanical demands of internal versus external force exertion result in different duty factors of muscle activity. Feeding and locomotor movements are thus integral functions of the snake axial system.

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SEMG Biofeedback Reeducation and Rehabilitation: The Sella Protocol

Biofeedback ◽

10.5298/1081-5937-48.1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 41-44

Author(s):

Gabriel E. Sella ◽

Honorary Fellow AAPB

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Surface Electromyography ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Numerical Results

Surface electromyography (SEMG) dynamic protocols were developed to facilitate the assessment of SEMG resting and activity amplitude potentials and to guide muscular reeducation and rehabilitation. The author created a database that identifies the average and standard deviation of muscular amplitude potentials during rest and activity through the pertinent joint ranges of motion (ROM). This enables researchers, clinicians, and ergonomists to obtain numerical results within the range of the values in the database and obtain more effective and efficient values of muscular energy consumption. The database is also paramount to the normalization of dysfunctional muscular activity patterns during activity and rest.

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Experimental Trichinosis in the Golden Hamster. I. Spontaneous Muscular Activity Patterns

The American Midland Naturalist ◽

10.2307/2422534 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 396 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

George R. Bernard

Keyword(s):

Golden Hamster ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Muscular Activity

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Acute Effects of Static Stretching on Bench Press Power and Velocity in Adolescent Male Athletes

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1260/1747-9541.9.5.1145 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1145-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matthew J. Andre ◽

Andrew C. Fry ◽

Ernest McLellan ◽

Lawrence W. Weiss ◽

Christopher M. Moore

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Male Athletes

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Changes in Bar Velocity and Muscular Activity During the Bench Press in Relation to the Load Lifted

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine ◽

10.18276/cej.2015.3-11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 95-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Artur Gołaś ◽

Adam Maszczyk ◽

Miroslav Petr ◽

Petr Statsny ◽

Michał Wilk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bench Press ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Bar Velocity

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Head MagnetoMyography (hMMG): a novel approach to monitor face and whole-head muscular activity

10.1101/556100 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Guido Barchiesi ◽

Gianpaolo Demarchi ◽

Frank H. Wilhelm ◽

Anne Hauswald ◽

Gaëtan Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

A Priori ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Electrode Placement ◽

Emotional Facial Expressions ◽

Extended Body ◽

Activation Patterns ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Positive Valence

AbstractMuscular activity recording is of high basic science and clinical relevance and is typically achieved using electromyography (EMG). While providing detailed information about the state of a specific muscle, this technique has limitations such as the need for a-priori assumptions about electrode placement and difficulty with recording muscular activity patterns from extended body areas at once. For head and face muscle activity, the present work aimed to overcome these restrictions by exploiting magnetoencephalography (MEG) as a whole-head myographic recorder (head magnetomyography, hMMG). This is in contrast to common MEG studies, which treat muscular activity as artifact in electromagnetic brain activity. In a first proof-of-concept step, participants imitated emotional facial expressions performed by a model. Exploiting source projection algorithms, we were able to reconstruct muscular activity, showing spatial activation patterns in accord with the hypothesized muscular contractions. Going one step further, participants passively observed affective pictures with negative, neutral, or positive valence. Applying multivariate pattern analysis to the reconstructed hMMG signal, we were able to decode above chance the valence category of the presented pictures. Underlining the potential of hMMG, a searchlight analysis revealed that generally neglected neck muscles exhibit information on stimulus valence. Results confirm the utility of hMMG as a whole-head electromyographic recorder to quantify muscular activation patterns including muscular regions that are typically not recorded with EMG. This key advantage beyond conventional EMG has substantial scientific and clinical potential.

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