scholarly journals Deeltijdwerk en arbeidsbelasting

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen de Wit ◽  
Rudi Wielers ◽  
Peter Smulders ◽  
Lando Koppes
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Strain ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Part-time work and work strain Part-time work and work strain The article develops and explores the hypothesis that workers restrict their labour supply to prevent work strain. The hypothesis is developed drawing on research literature about the relationships between work hours, work strain and well-being. We explore the hypothesis using cross-sectional data from the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey 2007. These explorations show that a smaller number of work hours is related with less work strain; that employees in sectors with relatively high work strain in full-time jobs more often work part-time; and that employees who experience more work strain have a stronger preference to work fewer hours. These results are in line with the hypothesis that part-time workers indeed restrict their labour supply to resist work overload.

The Politics of Part-Time Work: Gender, Employment Status, and Preferences for Redistribution

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla ◽  
Michael J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preferences For Redistribution ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Abstract The social and economic forces that shape attitudes toward the welfare state are of central concern to social scientists. Scholarship in this area has paid limited attention to how working part-time, the employment status of nearly 20% of the U.S. workforce, affects redistribution preferences. In this article, we theoretically develop and empirically test an argument about the ways that part-time work, and its relationship to gender, shape redistribution preferences. We articulate two gender-differentiated pathways—one material and one about threats to social status—through which part-time work and gender may jointly shape individuals’ preferences for redistribution. We test our argument using cross-sectional and panel data from the General Social Survey in the United States. We find that the positive relationship between part-time employment, compared to full-time employment, and redistribution preferences is stronger for men than for women. Indeed, we do not detect a relationship between part-time work and redistribution preferences among women. Our results provide support for a gendered relationship between part-time employment and redistribution preferences and demonstrate that both material and status-based mechanisms shape this association.

A Matter of Combination? The Influence of Work-family Life Courses on Life Satisfaction at Higher Ages among German Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2096600
Author(s):  
Okka Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
Work Family

This study analyzed the association between work-family life courses and life satisfaction among 2,542 women aged 60–65 years (born between 1920 and 1957) using German SOEP data and ANOVA models. The results are embedded in a description of the specific role of mothers in Germany (as primary caregivers), different theoretical assumptions (from role theories and theories on cumulative advantages and disadvantages), and prior results (from longitudinal and cross-sectional research). The findings provide strong evidence that motherhood in combination with not working and losing a spouse in middle age is associated with low life satisfaction at higher age. They also show that combining motherhood with continuous part-time work or childlessness with continuous full-time work is positively related to life satisfaction at higher ages. The fact that differences between other patterns are not significant, suggests that only specific combinations of characteristics of work-family life course patterns are associated with well-being at higher ages.

scholarly journals Women’s Vulnerability to the Economic Crisis through the Lens of Part-time Work in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110012
Author(s):  
Valeria Insarauto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Transmission Mechanism ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

This article studies women’s vulnerability to the economic crisis of 2008 through the lens of part-time work in Spain. It posits that part-time work made the female employment position more fragile by acting as a transmission mechanism of traditional gender norms that establish women as secondary workers. This argument is tested through an analysis of Labour Force Survey data from 2007 to 2014 that examines the influence of the employment situation of the household on women’s part-time employment patterns. The results expose the limited take-up of part-time work but also persistent patterns of involuntariness and underemployment corresponding to negative household employment situations, highlighting the constraining role of gender norms borne by the relative position of part-time work in the configuration of employment structures. The article concludes that, during the crisis, part-time work participated in the re-establishment of women as a family dependent and flexible labour supply, increasing their vulnerability.

Wishing to work: New perspectives on how adolescents’ part-time work intensity is linked to educational disengagement, substance use, and other problem behaviours

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald G. Bachman ◽  
Deborah J. Safron ◽  
Susan Rogala Sy ◽  
John E. Schulenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Year ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Educational Engagement ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

This study examines interrelations among students’ educational engagement, desired and actual school-year employment, substance use, and other problem behaviours. Cross-sectional findings from representative samples of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students in the United States, totalling over 300,000 respondents surveyed during the years 1992–1998, include the following: Large majorities of adolescents wish to work part-time during the school year, although most in earlier grades are not actually employed. Those who desire to work long hours tend to have low grades and low college aspirations; they are also more likely than average to use cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Students’ preferences for part-time work emerge at younger ages (i.e., earlier grades) than actual work, and the preferences show equal or stronger correlations with educational disengagement and problem behaviours.

The Effects of Part-Time Work on Women's Occupational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. R20-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Part Time Work

The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available.

scholarly journals Gender Roles and Employment Pathways of Older Women and Men in England

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401774269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariska van der Horst ◽  
David Lain ◽  
Sarah Vickerstaff ◽  
Charlotte Clark ◽  
Ben Baumberg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

In the context of population aging, the U.K. government is encouraging people to work longer and delay retirement, and it is claimed that many people now make “gradual” transitions from full-time to part-time work to retirement. Part-time employment in older age may, however, be largely due to women working part-time before older age, as per a U.K. “modified male breadwinner” model. This article therefore separately examines the extent to which men and women make transitions into part-time work in older age, and whether such transitions are influenced by marital status. Following older men and women over a 10-year period using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, this article presents sequence, cluster, and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Little evidence is found for people moving into part-time work in older age. Typically, women did not work at all or they worked part-time (with some remaining in part-time work and some retiring/exiting from this activity). Consistent with a “modified male breadwinner” logic, marriage was positively related to the likelihood of women belonging to typically “female employment pathway clusters,” which mostly consist of part-time work or not being employed. Men were mostly working full-time regardless of marital status. Attempts to extend working lives among older women are therefore likely to be complicated by the influence of traditional gender roles on employment.

Inclusion and Exclusion in Hiring

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
David S. Pedulla
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Employment Skills ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Experience ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Standard ◽  
Part Time Work

This chapter delves into the effects of each type of employment experience—part-time work, temporary agency employment, skills underutilization, and long-term unemployment. These are compared to full-time, standard employment on applicants' likelihood of receiving a callback for a job. As the chapter shows, the effects are largely contingent. First, they are contingent on the type of employment history. Each type of employment experience—part-time work versus temporary agency employment, for instance—does not result in the same treatment from hiring professionals. Second, the consequences of a particular employment experience are contingent on the race and gender of the worker. Indeed, it is difficult to isolate the effect of a given employment history from the way it is refracted through a worker's social group membership.

Dualisation or normalisation of part-time work in the Nordic countries: work insecurity and mobility over time

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-242
Author(s):  
Jouko Nätti ◽  
Kristine Nergaard
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Work Insecurity ◽  
Part Time Work ◽  
Over Time

In this chapter we discuss the development of part-time work in Finland and Norway and ask if there is a trend towards more marginalised part-time work also in the well-regulated Nordic labour markets. Furthermore, we investigate if there are differences between Norway, with its long tradition for normalised part-time jobs among women, and Finland, where full-time work has been the normal choice for women. Part-time jobs are more common among young persons, women, and in the service sectors. In both countries, part-time jobs are more insecure than full-time jobs. However, there is no strong tendency towards more insecure part-time jobs over time. We also examine mobility from part-time jobs to other positions in the labour market. In both countries, part-time work is characterised by high stability. Hence, the results do not give support for increased polarisation in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees. in terms of increased work insecurity among part-time employees.

Stepping in, stepping out or staying put? Part-time work and immigrant integration in Norway

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Cecilie Kavli ◽  
Roy A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Risk Event ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
Part Time Work

Migrants are often at a disadvantage in the labour market. Increased migration has therefore led to a strong focus in receiving countries on policy that can facilitate employment. Less attention is paid to working hours, contracts or type of work. The workplace is viewed as an arena where immigrants can improve language skills and establish contacts through which they can achieve upwards mobility in the labour market. We investigate transfers out of part-time work among immigrants and natives in Norway. By means of competing risk event history analyses, we compare transitions from part-time work to either full-time positions or exits from the labour market over five years among Norwegians and different groups of immigrants. Stable part-time is less common among immigrants than among natives, as immigrants have higher transfers to both full-time work and unemployment. Immigrants - men and women - have the same or higher likelihood of transitioning from part-time to full-time compared to natives. This suggest that immigrants are more often involuntarily in part-time and that they benefit from the opportunity to demonstrate their skills to employers. However, immigrants also have higher exit risk and this risk increases with short working hours, indicating a higher level of precariousness.

scholarly journals Understanding self-efficacy and the dynamics of part-time work and career aspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-484
Author(s):  
Gbolahan Gbadamosi ◽  
Carl Evans ◽  
Mark Richardson ◽  
Yos Chanthana
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Aspirations ◽  
East Asian Country ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

PurposeBuilding on the self-efficacy theory and self-theories, the purpose of this paper is to investigate students working part-time whilst pursuing full-time higher education in Cambodia. It explores individuals’ part-time working activities, career aspirations and self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachData were collected in a cross-sectional survey of 850 business and social sciences degree students, with 199 (23.4 per cent) usable responses, of which 129 (65.2 per cent of the sample) indicated they currently have a job.FindingsMultiple regression analysis confirmed part-time work as a significant predictor of self-efficacy. There was a positive recognition of the value of part-time work, particularly in informing career aspirations. Female students were significantly more positive about part-time work, demonstrating significantly higher career aspirations than males. Results also suggest that students recognise the value that work experience hold in identifying future career directions and securing the first graduate position.Practical implicationsThere are potential implications for approaches to curriculum design and learning, teaching and assessment for universities. There are also clear opportunities to integrate work-based and work-related learning experience into the curriculum and facilitate greater collaboration between higher education institutions and employers in Cambodia.Social implicationsThere are implications for recruitment practices amongst organisations seeking to maximise the benefits derived from an increasingly highly educated workforce, including skills acquisition and development, and self-efficacy.Originality/valueIt investigates the importance of income derived from part-time working to full-time university students in a developing South-East Asian country (Cambodia), where poverty levels and the need to contribute to family income potentially predominate the decision to work while studying.

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