The State, Ulama and Islam in Malaysia and Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshahril Saat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions

The Suharto (1966-98) government of Indonesia and the Mahathir (1981-2003) government of Malaysia both launched Islamisation programmes, upgrading and creating religious institutions. The author argues that, while generally ulamas, or religious teachers, had to support state ideologies, they sometimes succeeded in ŸcapturingŒ the state by influencing policies in their favour. The author builds his argument on strong fieldwork data, especially interviews, and he engages in critical discussion of comparative politics paradigms and the concept of capture.

Reconceptualizing Clans: Kinship Networks and Statehood in Kazakhstan

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Do So

What role, if any, does kinship play in modern political life? Recent work in comparative politics has focused on a variety of informal relationships. It is striking that kinship has not received similar, sustained attention. The broad assumption of most theoretically-driven work is that kinship is the domain of the anthropologist; to the extent that political scientists consider kinship, they do so as something for modern institutions to overcome, as something in fundamental opposition to the state apparatus.

scholarly journals All in it Together? Community Food Aid in a Multi-Ethnic Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE POWER ◽  
BOB DOHERTY ◽  
NEIL SMALL ◽  
SIMON TEASDALE ◽  
KATE E. PICKETT
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Big Society ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The North ◽  
Demographic Context

AbstractThis paper derives from a study of community food aid in a multi-ethnic, multi-faith city in the North of England. The paper begins to make sense of the diversity of types of food insecurity assistance, examines the potential exclusion of certain groups from receipt of food aid, and explores the relationship between food aid providers and the state. Faith-based food aid is common in the case study area, particularly among food bank provision to the most ‘destitute’ clients. While food aid is adopting service responsibilities previously borne by the state, this does not imply an extension of the ‘shadow state’. Rather, it appears reflective of a pre-welfare state system of food distribution, supported by religious institutions and individual/business philanthropy, but adapted to be consistent with elements of the ‘Big Society’ narrative. Most faith-based providers are Christian. There is little Muslim provision of (or utilisation of) food aid, despite the local demographic context. This raises concerns as to the unintentional exclusion of ethnic and religious groups, which we discuss in the concluding sections.

scholarly journals ISLAM – RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH RELATIONS AND THE STATE IN THE POST-COMMUNIST RUSSIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Islam And Christianity

After the fall of Soviet Union we can state a fact of a religious heritage in Russia. It is applied not only to the traditional religious institutions, like Moscow Patriarchy, but also to different heterodox religious movements. Now we can state a fact of the originally shaped religion policy of Moscow. Orthodox Christianity in Russia has one universally recognized center – Moscow Patriarchy. Its position is shared by 90% of Russian Christians. But we can’t say that the leaders have one consolidated opinion about the problems of the relations between Islam and Christianity. We can single out two groups; one can be called „For Islam” and the second „Against Islam”. Their followers have different views on the problems of proselytism, inter-religious dialogue and religion policy of the state and the foreign policy of Russia. The same, but much more multifaceted situation is in Russian Islam. Muslims in Russia don’t have any universally recognized authority. There are several organizations, regional or aspiring to the center position, authorities, sheikhs and popular homilists with their own opinions. Here we try to classify the main organizations and their views on the problem of a dialogue with Russian Orthodoxy, Christianity at all and the Russian State’s regional policy.

scholarly journals Pro-Violence Sermons of a Secular State: Turkey’s Diyanet on Islamist Militarism, Jihadism and Glorification of Martyrdom

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Yilmaz ◽  
Omer F. Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Secular State

The literature on martyrdom has not, so far, systematically analysed a constitutionally secular state’s extensive use of religion in propagating martyrdom narratives by using state-controlled religious institutions. This paper addresses this gap in martyrdom literature. In addition, even though some studies have analysed how martyrdom narratives have been used for political purposes in Turkey for mythmaking and building a collective memory, a religious institution’s active use by the state for the purposes of mythmaking and collective memory building has not been studied. This paper shows that the contents of the Friday sermons, that reach at least 50 percent of the country’s adult males every week, have moved from Turkish nationalist understanding of militarism and martyrdom to more radical, Islamist and pro-violence interpretations that actively promote dying for the nation, homeland, religion and God. The sermons also emphasise that new generations must be raised with this pro-violence religious spirit, which is also novel.

scholarly journals Lack Of Basic Education Accessibility In The Periphery Area Of Indonesia (A Research in Takirin Village, Tasifeto Timur Sub-District, Belu Regency, NTT Province - Indonesia)

2019 ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
M. N. B. C. Neolaka ◽  
Rikhardus S. Klau ◽  
Metriani Epifania Nahak
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

The presence of a school in the village is a sign of the concrete presence of the State to fulfill the basic rights of the community in the field of education. Remembering that schools always assume interaction with other elements of society such as parents, students, religious institutions and village governments, their presence also demands responsibility and involvement of all parties at the grassroots in synergic cooperation. Only through quality cooperation involving all parties, an educational institution can become the backbone of a society's progress. Quality cooperation can be evaluated by looking at how the community responds to the concrete problems they face in the field. One of the fundamental problems commonly found in remote areas of Indonesia is the low access to basic education services. By recognizing and identifying problems that occur in their own environment, people are encouraged to recognize violations of their basic rights. In turn, the people themselves are encouraged to collect their rights to the Government and at the same time are aware of being actively involved in development.

scholarly journals Royal Patronage and Religious Tolerance The Formative Period of Gupta–Vākāṭaka Culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS BAKKER
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Temple

AbstractPatronage by the royal court of religious institutions and foundations is one of the hallmarks of the development of India under the rule of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka kings (4th–5th centuries). This patronage was extended also to religious movements other than the king's own persuasion. The evolving culture of religious tolerance and enthusiasm is apparent in the temple monuments of the time. In this article we focus on four archeological sites where these developments become best visible: Udayagiri, Māṇḍhaḷ, Rāmagiri (Ramtek), and Mansar. The close relationship of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka realms is investigated in its local settings. Renewed attention is given to the ‘Mandhal Inscription, Year 5’ of the Vākāṭaka king Rudrasena II and the deity on whose authority the charter was issued: Muṇḍasvāmin. It is argued that the name Muṇḍa refers to no one else than the Gupta queen of Rudrasena II, Prabhāvatī Guptā. During the last decade, excavations in Mansar (5 km west of Ramtek) have brought to light the state sanctuary of the youngest son of Prabhāvatī, Pravarasena II. The findings there are placed within the tradition that can be traced back, through Rāmagiri and Māṇḍhaḷ, to the religious foundations in Udayagiri.

International Relations and Comparative Politics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Nadkarni ◽  
J. Michael Williams
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
World Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Interstate System ◽  
The One ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

Both the political science fields of International Relations (IR) and Comparative Politics (CP) developed around a scholarly concern with the nature of the state. IR focused on the nature, sources, and dynamics of inter-state interaction, while CP delved into the structure, functioning, and development of the state itself. The natural synergies between these two lines of scholarly inquiry found expression in the works of classical and neo-classical realists, liberals, and Marxists, all of whom, to varying degrees and in varied ways, recognized that the line dividing domestic and international politics was not hermetically sealed. As processes of economic globalization, on the one hand, and the globalization of the state system, on the other, have expanded the realm of political and economic interaction, the need for greater cross-fertilization between IR and CP has become even more evident. The global expansion of the interstate system has incorporated non-European societies into world politics and increased the salience of cultural and religious variables. These dynamics suggest that a study of cultures, religions, and histories, which shape the world views of states and peoples, is therefore necessary before assessments can be made about how individual states may respond to varied global pressures in their domestic and foreign policy choices.

Churches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arna Bontemps
Keyword(s):  
Black Church ◽  
Near East ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Church Organization

This chapter focuses on several prominent black religious institutions in Illinois, including Quinn Chapel. The establishment of Negro churches in Illinois dates from the late 1830s, with the formation of religious bodies in Brooklyn, near East St. Louis, and Jacksonville. Quinn Chapel in Brooklyn is generally credited as the initial institution (as also the first west of the Alleghenies), although there is evidence that in 1837 two Baptist clerics had organized a church at Jacksonville. In Chicago, Quinn Chapel, a branch of the African Methodist order, was the first Negro congregation. While there was no formal black church organization in Illinois until the late thirties, there had been religious practice of one sort and another among the Negroes. This chapter looks at the rise of various Negro churches in Illinois and how religion became the leading force and attraction in the life of the race in the state.

CONSTITUTIONS OF JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AND LIAQUAT ALI KHAN: CORRELATION OF POLITICAL STRATEGY AND STATE AND LEGAL REALIA OF INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN (1947–1956)

2018 ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Larisa Aleksandrovna CHERESHNEVA
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The State ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
The Military

India and Pakistan, which emerged on the political map of the world 70 years ago, with the end of two hundred years of colonial rule of Britain, appeared to be the first states in the South Asia that demonstrated the uniqueness of the algorithms of the sovereignty of the liberated countries of the East. To what extent was it possible to combine tradition and modernization in their state-building? Return to the Eastern despotism, monarchical princely forms of governing or the creation of republics? What was the role in the States of free Hindustan to be supposed for their religion, religious institutions? Could the system of separation of powers correspond to the traditional ideas of many Indian and Pakistani peoples about power? We describe the characteristics of the program models of the state system, developed by the leading political forces of Colonial India – the All-Indian National Congress and the Muslim League for the future independent Hindustan, and their correlation with the real state and legal foundations of the Indian Union and Pakistan, formed in 1947–1956. It is noted that the League had only a general idea of the state formation and nation-building of Pakistan, which could not but affect the specifics of the Muslim project “Two Nations-two Indias” and subsequently led Pakistan to slide to the military dictatorships. The interrelation of the development of democratic legislation with the ideas of social justice, equality of national and ethno-religious minorities and the title majority is shown, the emphasis is placed on the risks of violation of the historical multiculturalism of the Indian civilization. We have involved the Indian, Pakistani and British documentaries on state-legal, historical and political issues, archival materials of the National Archives of India.

scholarly journals The strategies of building relations between the State and Islam in Russia and in the Arab World

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-49
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumkin ◽  
I. A. Zaripov ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
V. V. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Islam In Russia

This article is dedicated to the issues of relations between the state and Islam in Arab countries (Algeria, Egypt, Syria) and in Russia in the contemporary era. Despite the fundamental diff erences between political systems and diff erent experiences in relations between the state and religion, all these societies are facing similar threats and challenges in recent years, causing certain parallels between policies towards Islam. This work is based on both published materials and around 20 interviews with experts, politicians and religious leaders from the researched countries recorded by the authors. The research allowed to defi ne common and diff erent traits of implemented political strategies, made it possible to show the infl uence of such processes as securitization of religion administrating, growing individualization of faith practicing, integration of religious institutions in the civil society structures on the transformation of StateIslam relationship models.

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