scholarly journals Royal Patronage and Religious Tolerance The Formative Period of Gupta–Vākāṭaka Culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS BAKKER
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Temple

AbstractPatronage by the royal court of religious institutions and foundations is one of the hallmarks of the development of India under the rule of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka kings (4th–5th centuries). This patronage was extended also to religious movements other than the king's own persuasion. The evolving culture of religious tolerance and enthusiasm is apparent in the temple monuments of the time. In this article we focus on four archeological sites where these developments become best visible: Udayagiri, Māṇḍhaḷ, Rāmagiri (Ramtek), and Mansar. The close relationship of the Gupta and Vākāṭaka realms is investigated in its local settings. Renewed attention is given to the ‘Mandhal Inscription, Year 5’ of the Vākāṭaka king Rudrasena II and the deity on whose authority the charter was issued: Muṇḍasvāmin. It is argued that the name Muṇḍa refers to no one else than the Gupta queen of Rudrasena II, Prabhāvatī Guptā. During the last decade, excavations in Mansar (5 km west of Ramtek) have brought to light the state sanctuary of the youngest son of Prabhāvatī, Pravarasena II. The findings there are placed within the tradition that can be traced back, through Rāmagiri and Māṇḍhaḷ, to the religious foundations in Udayagiri.

scholarly journals ISLAM – RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH RELATIONS AND THE STATE IN THE POST-COMMUNIST RUSSIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-275
Author(s):  
Alexander Sotnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
Religious Dialogue ◽  
Islam And Christianity

After the fall of Soviet Union we can state a fact of a religious heritage in Russia. It is applied not only to the traditional religious institutions, like Moscow Patriarchy, but also to different heterodox religious movements. Now we can state a fact of the originally shaped religion policy of Moscow. Orthodox Christianity in Russia has one universally recognized center – Moscow Patriarchy. Its position is shared by 90% of Russian Christians. But we can’t say that the leaders have one consolidated opinion about the problems of the relations between Islam and Christianity. We can single out two groups; one can be called „For Islam” and the second „Against Islam”. Their followers have different views on the problems of proselytism, inter-religious dialogue and religion policy of the state and the foreign policy of Russia. The same, but much more multifaceted situation is in Russian Islam. Muslims in Russia don’t have any universally recognized authority. There are several organizations, regional or aspiring to the center position, authorities, sheikhs and popular homilists with their own opinions. Here we try to classify the main organizations and their views on the problem of a dialogue with Russian Orthodoxy, Christianity at all and the Russian State’s regional policy.

scholarly journals State Defense Diplomacy In Chanakya Viewpoint (Study of Arthashastra Text as a Basis Strategy of Defense Diplomacy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Channarong Chati ◽  
Ni Nyoman Ayu Nikki Avalokitesvari ◽  
Ni Kadek Surpi
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Indian Text ◽  
State Defense ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Military

<p>State defense is a very important aspect in maintaining the existence and sovereignty of a country. Since ancient century Chanakya in a very famous treatise Arthasastra emphasized the importance of diplomacy and efforts to build up the strength of a country. This paper aims to examine the Arthasastra text as the basis of the Defense Diplomacy strategy. Indonesia adopted a Sanskrit slogan in the military world which indicated the close relationship of Indonesian defense and the treasury of Asian civilization with the influence of Indian text. Chanakya asserted, the state must build defense, ready to fight but can maintain peace. A country is deemed to be authoritative so that other countries either with a hostile tendency or as partners, will have high respect. Nevertheless, Arthasastra insists the supreme goal of a country is to build prosperity with defense and security as a prerequisite to build prosperity for a country.</p>

HOUSES OF STYLE: CONSUMPTION, ADORNMENT, AND IDENTITY IN FORMATIVE TLAXCALAN HOUSEHOLDS

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Carballo ◽  
Jennifer Carballo ◽  
Richard G. Lesure
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
State Formation ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Material Goods

AbstractThe households of Formative period central Mexico represent critical loci for understanding major social transformations during a millennium (900b.c.–a.d.100) that witnessed the expansion and contraction of several macro-regional stylistic and economic networks, formalization of enduring political and religious institutions, and initial urbanization and state formation. Households and their constituent members used style to articulate important elements of their identity through practices of group consumption and personal adornment. In this study we consider style within the context of ceramic serving vessels and portable adornments primarily from sites in the state of Tlaxcala. We evaluate the manner in which dimensions of stylistic expression in these material goods contributed to shifting conceptualizations of household and individual identity and their articulation with community and supra-community social networks, noting the generally collective or affinitive manipulation of styles with means of socially differentiating age, status, and other dimensions of identity.

Same-sex relationships, religious traditions, marriage and the law

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Dickey Young
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Gay And Lesbian ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Lesbian Couples ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of

This article reviews the historical relationship of religious institutions to the performance of marriage ceremonies. It looks at what various religious traditions say officially about homosexuality and about same-sex relationships. It also considers how gay and lesbian couples have negotiated their places, especially in terms of same-sex ceremonies of commitment, within religious traditions which have offered varying degrees and kinds of affirmation. The author goes on to argue that there will be a variety of religious views concerning the legalization of same-sex relationships as marriages or marriage-like relationships. Religious institutions are not now obliged to marry all those who can be legally married, so the objections that arise within religious institutions should be handled as matters of policy within those religious institutions rather than as grounds for denying the legal right to marriage to gay and lesbian couples. The author further argues that all marriage as a legal entity should rest in the hands of the state, and that churches should bless relationships rather continue to be involved in legalizing marriages.

FACIAL AND DENTAL STATUS OF A HUMAN WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Korshunov A.S. ◽  
Konev V.P. ◽  
Vagner V.D. ◽  
Kuryatnikov K.N. ◽  
Skurikhina A.P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The State ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Scientific Fact ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Connective Tissue Dysplasia ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective. It is necessary to characterize the state of the dentoalveolar system in case of connective tissue dysplasia at different person's life age periods. Materials and methods. The study involved 200 people with odontogenic pathology. They were diagnosed with connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). All of examinated were divided into 2 equal groups with CTD and without CTD, each into 5 equal subgroups of 30 people, according to age: 15-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years. A comprehensive assessment of CTD determination was carried out using diagnostic tables, including non-syndromic forms, in accordance with the total value (+17 or more) of diagnostic coefficients, calculated using the Kullback criteria. Results. The study of phenotypic, facial signs and dysplastic stigmas in the mouth at different ages with connective tissue dysplasia revealed a close relationship of facial, dental and odontological signs at 15-20, 21-30 years old. The most common dysplastic stigmas at a young age are malocclusion, violation of the teeth shape and position. This scientific fact can be explained by the phenomenon of doubt. Doubt is the accumulation of parents and the emergence of new dysplastic phenomena in the maxillofacial area. At the same time, the presented changes in the mouth indicate a violation of the harmony and architectonics of the dentoalveolar apparatus, associated with the general processes of ossification and development of organs and tissues of the mouth, which occur in combination with large stigmas. Conclusions. A comprehensive examination of the maxillofacial region in patients with connective tissue dysplasia revealed a wide variety of dysplastic changes at 15-20, 21-30 years old: curvature of the spine, arachnodactyly, gothic palate, violation of bite, shape and position of teeth, the presence of diastemas, in contrast from groups 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years old, where these signs were found in single observations. Age-related variability of the studied morphometric and odontological parameters of teeth 3.8, 4.8, showed a pronounced variability at 15-20, 21-30 years with connective tissue dysplasia.

Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4778 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
SIMONE POLICENA ROSA ◽  
RAONE DOS REIS MARIANO ◽  
VADIM R. VIVIANI ◽  
CLEIDE COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The State ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Click Beetles ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Relationship Of

The Pyrearinus pumilus species group from South America includes luminescent click beetles (Agrypninae: Pyrophorini) associated with the phenomena of “luminescent termite mounds” and “luminous canga caves”. The latter was recently reported in the state of Pará, Brazil. This group includes six species based on the morphology of adults, of which two have immature stages already described. In this work we present the morphology and biological aspects of mature larva and pupa of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863), from the canga caves. Moreover, we provide a key and illustrations for identification of male adults and the known larvae. Our study shows that: (1) morphological characters of immatures support the close relationship of P. pumilus with their allies in the P. pumilus species group; (2) the traits of the known larvae of the P. pumilus species group are reliable for species identification. 

范 式 转 移 —— 新 社 会 下 的 社 会 福 利 与 社 会 工 作

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
可 立 冯
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

在 市 场 化、 全 球 化、 程 序 化 的 新 社 会 下， 社 会 福 利 和 社 会 工 作 面 临 范 式 转 移 的 挑 战。 社 会 福 利 的 两 个 意 义：安 然 状 态 与 官 民 关 系， 都 已 经 被 重 新 诠 释。 生 产 力 已 经 成 为 了 主 要 论 述， 严 爱 已 取 代 了 仁 爱。 社 会 工 作 者 以 往 的 专 业 自 主， 与 案 主 的 密 切 关 系， 也 被 解 构 了。 作 为 社 会 渐 进 改 革 派 的 社 会 工 作 专 业， 应 该 怎 样 走 下 去 呢？ Under the New Society of globalisation, marketisation and programisation, there was a paradigm shift in social welfare and social work. The two meanings of social welfare – the state of well-being and the political relationship between the State and its people – were being reconstructed. Productivity began to replace the sense of well-being, and "tough love" also replaced kindness. Professional autonomy and the close relationship of "worker-client" of social work were also deconstructed. What should social work, as a force of gradual social reform, do to this paradigm shift?

scholarly journals Przysięga władcom Królestwa Polskiego z udziałem duchowieństwa katolickiego

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-242
Author(s):  
Witold Jemielity
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Language ◽  
The People ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Church

There has been close relationship of the church institutions with the state ones. People prayed in churches on behalf of the current ruler of the country, especially on his birthdays, name days and anniversary of coming to the throne. However, the most significant, according to the law, was the oath taken by all the subjects together with the members of the tsar family. There were two kinds of oaths taken by tha subjects: one taken immediately after the coming to the throne of the tsar and the other, taken just before taking over state offices or for the soldiers who have just joined up the army. There existed detailed regulations as regards who, when and in what way had to fulfill it. The contens of the oath to the specific ruler was quite similar, however, after January Uprising the distinct features of the Congress Kingdom and Tsar Russia started to disappear. In the first half of the century the oath was taken in Polish, while in Augustów Guernica it was also taken in Lithuanian. In the second half of the century the people who spoke Russian took the oath in that language, as far as it concerned civil offices, however in churches it was taken in a local language. It concerned people who have just joined up the army, were appointed to the post mayor, chief of the group of villages, guards of the forests and others. The oaths were taken by the clergymen even if they took place not in the church. Immediately after the November and January Uprisings again the loyalty towards the king and tsar was expressed.

Dialogue or Confrontation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ringo Ringvee
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Liberal Attitude

The article focuses on the relations between the state , mainstream religions and new religious movements in Estonia from the early 1990s until today. Estonia has been known as one of highly secular and religiously liberal countries. During the last twenty years Estonian religious scene has become considerably more pluralist, and there are many different religious traditions represented in Estonia. The governmental attitude toward new religious movements has been rather neutral, and the practice of multi-tier recognition of religious associations has not been introduced. As Estonia has been following neoliberal governance also in the field of religion, the idea that the religious market should regulate itself has been considered valid. Despite of the occasional conflicts between the parties in the early 1990s when the religious market was created the tensions did decrease in the following years. The article argues that one of the fundamental reasons for the liberal attitude towards different religious associations by the state and neutral coexistence of different traditions in society is that Estonian national identity does not overlap with any particular religious identity.

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