scholarly journals US GAAP en de jaarrekening van Nederlandse ondernemingen

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
R. W. Bakker ◽  
Ruud Vergoossen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
Verenigde Staten ◽  
Mate Waarin ◽  
Us Gaap

In dit artikel wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de mate waarin Nederlandse ondernemingen met een beursnotering in de Verenigde Staten de United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP) toepassen in hun in Nederland gepubliceerde jaarrekening. Daartoe is onderzocht in hoeverre deze ondernemingen in de periode 1995-2002 grondslagwijzigingen hebben doorgevoerd die leiden tot het (meer) toepassen van US GAAP en is nagegaan wat de belangrijkste verschillen tussen US GAAP en de Nederlandse verslaggevingsregels zijn zoals die blijken uit de jaarrekening 2002. Bovendien omvat het onderzoek een vergelijking van de additionele informatieverschaffing in de in Nederland gepubliceerde jaarrekening 2002 en de jaarrekening 2002 zoals opgenomen in het Form 20-F dat bij de Securities and Exchange Commission is gedeponeerd. De onderzoeksresultaten worden vergeleken met eerder soortgelijk onderzoek. Hoewel de in het onderzoek betrokken ondernemingen meer en meer waarderings- en resultaatbepalingsgrondslagen toepassen die in overeenstemming zijn met US GAAP, wordt het aantal in de aansluitingsoverzichten opgenomen afwijkingen tussen de cijfers op basis van US GAAP en die op basis van de Nederlandse verslaggevingsregels niet kleiner, maar juist groter. Daarnaast blijkt dat veel additionele informatie die in de Verenigde Staten verplicht is, ook steeds vaker terechtkomt in de in Nederland gepubliceerde jaarrekening.

scholarly journals Wereldstandaard financiële verslaggeving: IFRS of US GAAP?

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Ruud Vergoossen ◽  
Frans Van Der Wel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
International Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Verenigde Staten ◽  
Us Gaap

De roep om een wereldstandaard voor de financiële verslaggeving is groot. De Europese Unie heeft gekozen voor de International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) die in 2005 worden ingevoerd, terwijl de Verenigde Staten blijven vasthouden aan de United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US GAAP). Dit artikel gaat in op de implementatie van de IFRS in de Europese Unie en de obstakels die een consistente interpretatie en toepassing van de IFRS in de weg kunnen staan. Daarna worden de IFRS vergeleken met de US GAAP en komt de positie van de IFRS in de Verenigde Staten aan de orde. In een korte slotbeschouwing wordt een drietal scenario’s geschetst om te komen tot een wereldstandaard. Het scenario waarbij de IFRS en de US GAAP naar elkaar toegroeien, lijkt, gegeven de omstandigheden, het meest realistisch en wenselijk (convergentiestrategie).

scholarly journals Ajustes aos US-GAAPS: estudo empírico sobre sua relevância para empresas brasileiras com ADRs negociados na bolsa de Nova Iorque

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (spe) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Moraes da Costa ◽  
Alexsandro Broedel Lopes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Us Gaap

A relevância das informações disponibilizadas ao mercado por empresas brasileiras com American Depositary Recepts (ADRs) negociados na Bolsa de Nova Iorque foi avaliada neste trabalho. Essas empresas devem atender à exigência da Securities and Exchange Commission e elaborar suas demonstrações contábeis de acordo com os United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (US-GAAP) até 30 de junho, anualmente. Diante desse fato, dois conjuntos de informações estão disponíveis, promovendo a base de dados para o estudo da relevância das variáveis lucro líquido e patrimônio líquido para o período entre 1999 e 2003. Após a utilização do modelo desenvolvido por Ohlson (1995) e de seus desdobramentos posteriores, os resultados evidenciam que (1) as informações elaboradas segundo os princípios de contabilidade geralmente aceitos no Brasil são relevantes; (2) as informações em US-GAAP disponibilizadas em junho possuem menor ou igual relevância do que as divulgadas em abril e (3) os ajustes aos US-GAAP efetuados no patrimônio líquido são relevantes para o mercado de capitais brasileiro.

Egy vállalat fizetőképességének vizsgálata nemzetközi számviteli viszonylatban

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-342
Author(s):  
Alexandra Szekeres ◽  
Ildikó Dékán Tamásné Orbán
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Us Gaap

Minden vállalkozás számára rendkívül fontos, hogy rövid-, illetve hosszútávon fizetőképes legyen. A fizetőképesség egy vállalat működésének alapfeltétele, így különösen a rövidtávú fizetőképesség, másnéven a likviditás kiemelt fontosságú szerepet tölt be az adott vállalkozás életében. Éppen emiatt fontos arra törekednie, hogy elkerülje a likviditási problémákat. Jelen cikkben egy amerikai nagyvállalat rövidtávú fizetőképességének vizsgálatára kerül sor, amely a pénzügyi kimutatásait a US GAAP (The United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles – az Amerikai Egyesült Államok Általánosan Elfogadott Számviteli Alapelvek) szerint készíti. Bemutatásra kerülnek az alapvető rövidtávú fizetőképességi mutatók, majd az ezek alapján levont következtetések. Mivel a mutatók számolásához a vizsgált vállalat pénzügyi kimutatásának adataira van szükség, amely eltéréseket mutat egy magyar vállalkozás éves beszámolójához képest, így tanulmányunkban kitérünk a két számviteli rendszer közötti különbségekre is azoknál a tételeknél, amelyek hatással vannak a likvidtási mutatókra, különös tekintettel a forgóeszközök tételeire, illetve a rövid lejáratú kötelezettségekre.

scholarly journals US GAAP x normas brasileiras: mensuração do impacto das diferenças de normas no lucro duplamente reportado pelas empresas brasileiras emissoras de ADRS na NYSE

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 082-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilene Santana Santos ◽  
Joanília Neide Sales Cia ◽  
Josilmar Cordenonssi Cia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
New York Stock Exchange ◽  
American Depositary Receipts ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
York Stock Exchange ◽  
Depositary Receipts ◽  
Us Gaap

A falta de um conjunto único de normas contábeis válido para todos os países pode conduzir a resultados conflitantes. Por exemplo, entre as emissoras brasileiras de ADRs (American Depositary Receipts) na NYSE (New York Stock Exchange), a CEMIG apresentou em 2002 um prejuízo de R$ 12 milhões conforme as normas americanas (US GAAP) e, sob as normas brasileiras, um prejuízo de R$ 1 bilhão (ou seja, 83 vezes maior). Também a CSN apresentou no mesmo ano um lucro de R$ 6 milhões conforme os US GAAP (United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles), contra um prejuízo de R$ 218 milhões conforme as normas brasileiras (ou seja, 30 vezes maior). Este estudo objetiva verificar se diferenças entre as normas contábeis brasileira e norte-americana (US GAAP) geram impacto significativo no resultado duplamente reportado no Formulário 20F pelas 30 emissoras brasileiras de ADRs na NYSE. Para mensurar o efeito dessas diferenças normativas no resultado foi utilizado o "Índice de Conservadorismo" (IC) de Gray, que mede o quanto um sistema contábil nacional gera lucros menores ("é conservador") ou maiores ("é otimista") em relação aos US GAAP. A média e a mediana do IC no período 2001 a 2005 indicaram conservadorismo das normas brasileiras, não confirmado pelo teste t-Student, mas corroborado pelo teste de Wilcoxon a 10% de significância. Dividindo-se em dois subperíodos, obteve-se um IC médio de 1,2 para 2001-2002 (significativo a 3,3%) e de 0,86 para 2003-2005 (significativo a 3%), indicando uma disparidade de comportamento: a contabilidade brasileira mostra-se mais otimista que os US GAAP até 2002, passando a mais conservadora a partir de 2003 até 2005.

scholarly journals The USA Federal Debt-to-GDP Ratio and The Unified Budget Act’s Lack of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Paul F. Gentle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Trust Funds ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Federal Debt ◽  
Blue Line

Here in the beginning of 2021, two of the truly relevant federal public finance issues are presented in this article. One is the Debt-to GDP Ratio. The second topic is the true nature of deficits, surpluses and future liabilities treated in budgets constructed via the Unified Budget Act. Two graphs on these issues are included. This article shows that the present Debt-to-GDP ratio is relatively high, as if the nation similar to when the United States was in a period of a major war. This graph is shown in this article’s Figure 1. There has been evidence in the macroeconomic literature that indicates a high Debt-to-GDP ratio can possibly result in some degree of slowed economic growth. Though the literature is varied on that point. The reason for the possible crowding out effect has to do with the competition for loanable funds. There is competition from both the public and private demanders of those loanable funds. Furthermore, there is the reality that all federal trust fund balances of the United States must be used to hold U.S. Treasury bonds. For figure 2, two categories on U.S trust funds are shown. One category is the combined total of Social Security. Medicare, Disability and related funds. This is shown in a red line. All the other federal trust funds are indicated in a blue line. There is a graph that shows these two lines. The graph is of the percentage share between the two categories. As a result, the red and blue lines are inverse functions of each other. Over the eighty-year period (1940-2020), there has been variation if both the red and blue lines. The goal of this articles is for leaders and government analysts to be more aware of the issues of the USA Federal Debt to GDP Ratio and the Unified Budget Act’s lack of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

Bringing order to non-GAAP financial measures: SEC sues to enforce “equal-or-greater-prominence” requirement

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Richard J. Parrino
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Earnings Releases

Purpose This article examines the first action by the US Securities and Exchange Commission to enforce the “equal-or-greater-prominence” requirement of its rules governing the presentation by SEC-reporting companies, in their SEC filings and earnings releases, of financial measures not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Design/methodology/approach This article provides an in-depth analysis of the equal-or-greater-prominence rule and the SEC’s enforcement posture in the context of the SEC’s concern that some companies present non-GAAP financial measures in a manner that inappropriately gives the non-GAAP measures greater authority than the comparable GAAP financial measures. Findings Although the appropriate use of non-GAAP financial measures can enhance investor understanding of a company’s business and operating results, investors could be misled about the company’s GAAP results by disclosures that unduly highlight non-GAAP measures. The SEC’s enforcement action signals a focus on the manner in which companies present non-GAAP financial measures as well as on how they calculate the measures. Originality/value This article provides expert guidance on a major SEC disclosure requirement from an experienced securities lawyer.

scholarly journals US GAAP Conversion To IFRS: A Case Study Of The Balance Sheet

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Peter Harris ◽  
Liz Washington Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
International Reporting ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Gaap

International Reporting Standards (IFRS) has become the required framework for most of the world financial market economies. In the United States, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is still required. However, plans are presently in place by the SEC to abandon US GAAP and to adhere to IFRS requirements by as early as the period ending December 31, 2014. This case study requires the student to transform a US GAAP presented Balance Sheet to IFRS and is most suitable for an Intermediary Accounting 11 and a Financial Analysis class at the graduate level.

SEC Comment Letters on Firms' Use of Non-GAAP Measures: The Determinants and Firms' Responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koren M. Jo ◽  
Shuo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Earnings Differentials ◽  
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
Earnings Releases ◽  
Comment Letters ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Jel Classifications

SYNOPSIS This paper explores Securities and Exchange Commission comment letters that address firms' use of non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) measures in 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and earnings releases. We investigate the determinants of firms' receiving non-GAAP comments and the revisions to non-GAAP reporting undertaken by these recipients. Firms that experience poor GAAP performance and emphasize non-GAAP measures are more likely to receive non-GAAP comments. Recipients of non-GAAP comments are more likely than other reviewed firms to abandon non-GAAP measures in future filings. When recipients of non-GAAP comments continue to report non-GAAP measures, they provide more justifications for the use and reduce the prominence of these measures. However, higher non-GAAP earnings and GAAP earnings differentials do not appear to attract non-GAAP comments. In addition, the amount of non-GAAP exclusions does not decrease after the receipt of non-GAAP comments. Overall, our findings suggest that non-GAAP comments are effective in deemphasizing non-GAAP measures. JEL Classifications: M41, M48.

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