Nieuwe diplomatieke geschiedenis van de premoderne tijd

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurits Ebben ◽  
Louis Sicking
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Territorial States ◽  
Cultural Turn

Abstract New Diplomatic History in the Premodern Age. An IntroductionThe study of medieval and early modern diplomacy has long been considered one of the most conservative subdisciplines in the field of history. During the last three decades, however, diplomatic history has undergone profound changes. This introductory article shows how these changes were triggered by developments in other disciplines and happened under the influence of the cultural turn. Until recently most general histories of diplomacy were based on the conceptions of Donald Queller and, more particularly, of Garrett Mattingly. Scholars working on medieval and early modern history have applied new international relations theories and moved away from analyses that were strictly oriented towards diplomatic relations between sovereign territorial states. The cultural turn gave rise to a range of innovations in diplomatic history, leading historians to focus on the diplomatic process and its cultural dimensions rather than on the results of diplomatic activity. The special issue for which this article serves as an introduction shows that historians working in the Netherlands have also been influenced by these developments.

scholarly journals Ideologies of Diplomacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-492
Author(s):  
Jane Yeang Chui Wong
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Special Issue

The publication in 2008 of John Watkins’s special issue for the Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, “Toward a New Diplomatic History of Medieval and Early Modern Europe,” opened up the formal aspects of the ambassador’s office and official channels of diplomatic negotiation to a complex sociocultural landscape underlying the processes of diplomacy-in-the-making. The field of New Diplomatic History has since burgeoned. This current special issue hews closely to the cross-disciplinary nature of newer diplomatic history, and it responds to critical challenges that have recently emerged in scholarship, particularly the need to balance both breadth and depth of historical and cultural analysis. This volume considers how English institutional and sociocultural networks informed diplomatic practice in Elizabethan and Jacobean England, and how diplomatic thought, representation, and the forging of international relations were interpreted within various English communities. The collection takes special interest in how “ideologies of diplomacy” were formed, negotiated, and articulated within and beyond formal diplomatic spheres. Drawing on various elements of international relations theory, the essays address the ambiguous and contradictory elements of diplomatic reciprocity, explicating the tensions between diplomatic ambition and local governance.

Maritime Diasporas in Asia before da Gama: An Introductory Commentary

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Clark
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Western Scholarship

AbstractThis preface introduces the five essays that comprise this special issue of JESHO. The author provides a synoptic overview of western scholarship on the Indian Ocean and on trade diasporas in order to situate the papers. This scholarship has only recently begun to recognize the important role of the Indian Ocean in early modern history, a change that the author traces to the work of K.N. Chaudhuri, Janet Abu-Lughod, and Philip Curtin. He concludes that the five papers in this special issue collectively mark an important step forward in the historiography of the Indian Ocean. Les cinq articles qui font partie du numéro du JESHO sont précedés d'une préface ou l'auteur donne une vue d'ensemble du travail scientifique occidental qui parle de l'océan Indien et des diasporas mercantiles. D'après l'auteur, le role capital de l'océan Indien au début de l'époque moderne commence à être mieux connu grace aux publications de K.N. Chaudhuri, de Janet Abu-Lughod et de Philip Curtin. Les cinq articles ci-compris représentent, donc, un pas en avant pour l'historiographie de l'océan Indien, selon cet auteur.

Consuls-of-State and the Redemption of Slaves: The Dutch Republic and the Western Mediterranean, 1616–1651

Itinerario ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Erica Heinsen-Roach
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Customary Practices

At the end of the sixteenth century, the Dutch Republic developed a trade empire of global proportions. The Dutch government played a substantial role in building and sustaining merchant enterprises by allowing chartered companies to act on its behalf. In the Mediterranean, however, the authorities relied on a variety of commercial-diplomatic agents to promote commerce. This article argues that Dutch consuls in the western Mediterranean transformed from merchant-consuls into state-representatives and played a crucial role in sustaining diplomatic relations with states in the Maghreb. By comparing the conditions under which consuls liberated captives in Algiers and Morocco during the first half of the seventeenth century, the article examines how consuls continuously had to adjust their mission to the interests of different institutions and individuals. The article concludes that the expansion of Dutch global commerce in the Mediterranean did not evolve according to a standard script but in consuls’ interactions with local conditions and customary practices. The article contributes to the New Diplomatic History that emphasizes how successful diplomatic relations in the early modern world depended on a range of different diplomatic actors who created forms of state diplomacy beyond treaty making and alliances.

scholarly journals BRUSH TALK AS THE ‘LINGUA FRANCA’ OF DIPLOMACY IN JAPANESE–KOREAN ENCOUNTERS, c. 1600–1868

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBEKAH CLEMENTS
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Factual Content ◽  
Bureaucratic State ◽  
Official Records

AbstractThe study of early modern diplomatic history has in recent decades expanded beyond a bureaucratic, state-centric focus to consider the processes and personal interactions by which international relations were maintained. Scholars have begun to consider, among other factors, the role of diplomatic gifts, diplomatic hospitality, and diplomatic culture. This article contributes to this discussion from an East Asian perspective by considering the role of ‘brush talk’ – written exchanges of classical, literary Chinese – during diplomatic missions from the Korean Chosŏn court to the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan during the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries. Drawing upon official records, personal diaries, and illustrations, I argue that brush talk was not an official part of diplomatic ceremony and that brushed encounters with Korean officials even extended to people of the townsman classes. Brush talk was as much about ritual display, calligraphic art, and drawing upon a shared storehouse of civilized learning as it was about communicating factual content through language. These visual, performative aspects of brush talk in East Asian diplomacy take it beyond the realm of how alingua francais usually conceived, adding to the growing body of scholarship on how this concept applies to non-Western histories.

scholarly journals Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-289
Author(s):  
Charalampos Efstathopoulos ◽  
Milja Kurki ◽  
Alistair Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Shifts

Communities on the planet are faced with complex challenges: changing relations within and between human communities, changing relations with ecological and climatic conditions, and shifts in technology-human interconnections. The complex interconnections across issue areas – migration, environmental degradation and new technologies, for example – demand that scholars increasingly think across theories, paradigms, specialisms and disciplines. But how should we ‘hold things together’ as we try to make sense of complex realities in International Relations (IR)? This introductory article to the Special Issue ‘Facing human interconnections: thinking International Relations into the future’ discusses the open thematic of ‘human interconnections’ that is used to loosely structure the contributions. Analysis of human interconnections, as understood here, does not have a precise or fixed definition but is considered an open-ended notion with varied meanings and dimensions. Indeed, the authors engage it here in varied ways to explore their empirical, theoretical and political concerns. Yet, this notion also allows for interesting new questions to be posed on the potential and limits of IR as it faces the future, and debates around how we see interconnections between issue areas and ‘-isms’, how IR constructs ‘humans’ or ‘non-humans’ in interconnections, and what is at stake in bringing to our attention unacknowledged interconnections. Here we set out why human interconnection is an interesting notion to work with and why we need to keep its meaning open-ended. We also provide an account of six different orientations we observe amongst the authors tackling the dynamics of human interconnections in this Special Issue.

A Multitude of Actors in Early Modern Diplomacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Birgit Tremml-Werner ◽  
Dorothée Goetze
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Geographic Scope ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oriented Research

Abstract This special issue has been motivated by the drive to contextualize the role of individuals of various backgrounds in early modern foreign relations. All contributions cover a broad geographic scope and stress the impact of non-European practices and stages for the study of early modern foreign relations. Four thematic articles follow diverse diplomatic actors, ranging from non-elite envoys to chartered companies, Catholic friars and ministers on ships, to foreign courts, and behind their desks. They provide insights into these individual actors’ functions and achievements and raise questions about social belonging and knowledge channels. The introduction below portrays the development of an actor-oriented research angle in the field of New Diplomatic History over the past decades and addresses blurring concepts and over-generalizations. It attempts to redefine the heterogeneous group of early modern diplomatic actors as products of their involvement in political and material struggles, both at home and abroad.

scholarly journals Symbolic Communication in Early Modern Diplomacy: Naval Incidents and the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1667–1672)*

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (573) ◽  
pp. 337-358
Author(s):  
David Onnekink
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Public Debates

Abstract This article underscores the significance of symbolic communication in early modern international relations. Taking naval incidents during the period leading up to the Third Anglo-Dutch War (1667–72) as a case-study, it shows how the use of imagery constituted an undervalued symbolic language in which vital interests were communicated by diplomats. Moreover, it argues that the way in which these incidents were discussed in diplomatic circles was relevant to and congruous with public debates. It also highlights the often-ignored international dimension of popular disputes. An overall objective is to further the debate on a New Diplomatic History for the early modern period.

scholarly journals Pufendorf and Leibniz on duties of esteem in diplomatic relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 175508822110022
Author(s):  
Andreas Blank
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Power Hierarchy ◽  
Internal Division

The striving for self-worth is recognized as a driving force in international relations; but if self-worth is understood as a function of status in a power hierarchy, this striving often is a source of anxiety and conflict over status. The quasi-international relations within the early modern German Empire have prompted seventeenth-century natural law theorists such as Samuel Pufendorf and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz to reflect about this problem. In his De statu imperii Germanici (1667), Pufendorf regards the power differences and dependencies between the Reichsstände to be an expression of the deficits of constitutional structure of the Empire—a structure that, in his view, causes internal division because it leads to distorted practices of esteem between the estates. Against Pufendorf, Leibniz argues De jure suprematus ac legationis (1671) that political actors such as the German princes who are not Electors could fulfill functions under the law of nations such as forming confederations and peace keeping. Incoherently, however, Leibniz excludes less powerful estates such as the Imperial cities and the Hanseatic cities from the ensuing duties of esteem. This shortcoming, in turn, is arguably remedied in Pufendorf’s later considerations concerning duties of esteem in diplomatic relations.

scholarly journals Introduction: Cross-Confessional Diplomacy and Diplomatic Intermediaries in the Early Modern Mediterranean

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maartje van Gelder ◽  
Tijana Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Diplomatic History ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Mediterranean History ◽  
The One

This special issue, an exercise in integrated Mediterranean history through the lens of diplomacy, demonstrates that diplomatic genres and practices associated with a European political and cultural tradition, on the one hand, or an Islamic tradition, on the other, were not produced in isolation but attained meaning through the process of mediation and negotiation among intermediaries of different confessional and social backgrounds. Building on the “new diplomatic history,” the essays focus on non-elite (e.g. Christian slaves, renegades, Jewish doctors, Moriscos) and less commonly studied (mid- and high-ranking Muslim officials) intermediaries in Mediterranean cross-confessional diplomacy. The issue argues that the early modern period witnessed a relative balance of power among Muslim- and Christian-ruled polities: negotiations entailed not only principles of reciprocity, parity, and commensurability, but these were actually enforceable in practice. This challenges the notion of European diplomatic supremacy, prompting scholars to fundamentally rethink the narrative about the origins of early modern diplomacy.

scholarly journals Introduction: New Perspectives on John Ogilvie’s Martyrdom, the Society of Jesus, and Scottish Catholicism during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paul Goatman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Society Of Jesus ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
New Research ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The Society of Jesus’s mission in Scotland lasted from 1581 until the papal suppression of 1773, yet the Jesuits’ impact on religious life there during this period remains an underexplored aspect of Scotland’s early modern history. The articles in this special issue offer fresh perspectives on the mission, with particular attention paid to one of its most dramatic and controversial events—the trial and execution of John Ogilvie for treason in Glasgow during the autumn and winter of 1614–15. Fresh insights are provided here on Ogilvie’s martyrdom from the perspective of local and international politics and Jesuit theology. The familiar theme of the Jesuits’ attempted conversion of James vi and i is also revisited, and new research is presented on Catholicism in seventeenth-century Scotland in articles about the Jesuits’ work in the Highlands and their appeal to the memory of the medieval Queen Saint Margaret. Overall, this issue attests to historians’ enduring fascination with John Ogilvie’s martyrdom and what it can teach us about religion, politics and society in early modern Scotland, and the potential of the Jesuits’ activities there as a rich field for future research.

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