USO DE RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAS COMO ALTERNATIVA SUSTENTÁVEL NA PRODUÇÃO FÚNGICA DE BIOPOLÍMEROS

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.51189/rema/2642 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ákylla Fernanda Souza Silva ◽

Adriana Ferreira de Souza ◽

Irapuan Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

Galba Maria de Campos Takaki

Keyword(s):

Cunninghamella Elegans ◽

Ft Ir

Introdução: O uso de resíduos agroindustriais na biotecnologia de fungos tem se tornado alvo de diversos estudos sendo empregados como substrato alternativo na produção de biomassa em bioprocessos. Entre os produtos de maior destaque, estão os biopolímeros como a quitina e a quitosana, seu co-polímero, cujas aplicações vão desde as áreas biotecnológicas, agricultura, têxtil, insumos farmacêuticos, bioengenharia e alimentícia. Objetivo: Foi analisado o uso de resíduos agroindustriais como alternativa sustentável na produção fúngica de biopolímeros. Material e Métodos: Através de um planejamento fatorial 23 foi investigado o uso dos resíduos milhocina e manipueira como fontes de carbono e nitrogênio na produção de biomassa, quitina e quitosana pela espécie Cunninghamella elegans (UCP 1306), tendo como variáveis a temperatura (25 ºC, 30 ºC e 35 ºC), concentração de milhocina (2%, 4% e 6%) e manipueira (5%, 7,5% e 10%). Resultados: Os maiores rendimentos de biomassa (9,86 g/L) de Cunninghamella elegans (UCP 1306) foram obtidos nas condições de ensaio 4 (6% milhocina, 10% manipueira, 25 ºC), em cultivo submerso sob agitação constante durante 96 h. Isso sugere que um meio de cultura com maior concentração de milhocina em relação às concentrações de manipueira pode favorecer o crescimento da espécie. Comportamento similar foi observado na produção de quitina, onde o melhor rendimento foi encontrado no ensaio 6 (5% manipueira, 6% milhocina, 35 ºC), que apresentou 257,57 mg/g de quitina, indicando que maiores concentrações de milhocina favorecem a produção do biopolímero. Já os ensaios com menores concentrações de milhocina e maiores concentrações de manipueira, apresentaram maior rendimento de quitosana (132,42 mg/g). Na análise estatística, a maior concentração de milhocina contribuiu significativamente para o crescimento da espécie (p= 0,0316). As bandas da FT-IR confirmaram o grau de desacetilação de 80,7% da quitosana produzida por CCunninghamella elegans (UCP 1306). Conclusão: Os dados experimentais mostraram que o uso dos resíduos milhocina e manipueira como fontes sustentáveis de carbono e nitrogênio é uma associação promissora para a produção de biomassa e de biopolímeros como quitina e quitosana.

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CONVERSÃO METABÓLICA VERDE DE MILHOCINA E MANIPUEIRA NA PRODUÇÃO DE QUITOSANA COM ELEVADO GRAU DE DESACETILAÇÃO

10.51189/rema/2406 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ákylla Fernanda Souza Silva ◽

Adriana Ferreira De Souza ◽

Irapuan Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

Galba Maria De Campos Takaki

Keyword(s):

Cunninghamella Elegans ◽

C Elegans ◽

Ft Ir

Introdução: O uso de resíduos agroindustriais em processos fermentativos tem despertado grande interesse no âmbito da sustentabilidade ambiental e econômica, por se tratar de fontes naturais e renováveis com grande potencial biotecnológico praticamente inexplorado, sendo descartados na maioria das vezes. Diversos estudos têm discutido as inúmeras vantagens do uso desses resíduos como substrato alternativo para produção de biomassa empregada em bioprocessos. Objetivo: O presente estudo apresenta um método que utiliza uma conversão metabólica verde de dois resíduos agroindustrais, milhocina e manipueira, na produção de quitosana, um biopolímero de alta massa molecular e grande aplicabilidade biotecnológica. Material e métodos: Um Planejamento Fatorial completo 22 foi desenhado para avaliar os principais efeitos e interações das variáveis independentes, milhocina (licor de maceração de milho) e manipueira (água residual da prensa da mandioca), no rendimento de biomassa e quitosana, como variáveis respostas, produzidas pela espécie Cunninghamella elegans (UCP 1306). Também foi realizada a análise das alterações morfológicas observadas na espécie cultivada em cada ensaio do Planejamento Fatorial, e a quitosana obtida foi analisada em Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). Resultados: O maior rendimento de biomassa (6,375 g/L) e quitosana (101,7 mg/g) foi alcançado no meio composto de milhocina 4% e manipueira 4%, no qual C. elegans (UCP 1306) apresentou predominância de hifas frouxas e ramificadas com presença de septações e formou pellets de 0,4 a 0,5 mm e clumps de até 0,1 mm. Na análise estatística, a maior concentração de milhocina contribuiu significativamente para o crescimento da espécie (p=0,00124). As bandas da FT-IR confirmaram o grau de desacetilação de 84,61% da quitosana produzida por C. elegans (UCP 1306). Conclusão: Os dados experimentais sugerem que o uso de milhocina e manipueira como fontes sustentáveis de carbono e nitrogênio é uma associação promissora para a produção de quitosana com elevado grau de desacetilação.

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FT-IR microspectroscopic analysis of diseased white matter brain tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141214 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 968-969

Author(s):

Steven M. Le Vine ◽

David L. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Twitcher Mouse ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Marked Contrast ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Microspectroscopy ◽

Chemical Evidence

In situ FT-IR microspectroscopy has allowed spatially resolved interrogation of different parts of brain tissue. In previous work the spectrrscopic features of normal barin tissue were characterized. The white matter, gray matter and basal ganglia were mapped from appropriate peak area measurements from spectra obtained in a grid pattern. Bands prevalent in white matter were mostly associated with the lipid. These included 2927 and 1469 cm-1 due to CH2 as well as carbonyl at 1740 cm-1. Also 1235 and 1085 cm-1 due to phospholipid and galactocerebroside, respectively (Figs 1and2). Localized chemical changes in the white matter as a result of white matter diseases have been studied. This involved the documentation of localized chemical evidence of demyelination in shiverer mice in which the spectra of white matter lacked the marked contrast between it and gray matter exhibited in the white matter of normal mice (Fig. 3).The twitcher mouse, a model of Krabbe’s desease, was also studied. The purpose in this case was to look for a localized build-up of psychosine in the white matter caused by deficiencies in the enzyme responsible for its breakdown under normal conditions.

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Ultra-spatially resolved synchrotron powered FT-IR microspectroscopy of individual cells of biological material

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100140798 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 884-885

Author(s):

David L. Wetzel ◽

John A. Reffner ◽

Gwyn P. Williams

Keyword(s):

Thermal Noise ◽

Spot Size ◽

Acquisition Time ◽

Thermal Source ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Good Spatial Resolution ◽

Small Spot ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Microspectroscopy

Synchrotron radiation is 100 to 1000 times brighter than a thermal source such as a globar. It is not accompanied with thermal noise and it is highly directional and nondivergent. For these reasons, it is well suited for ultra-spatially resolved FT-IR microspectroscopy. In efforts to attain good spatial resolution in FT-IR microspectroscopy with a thermal source, a considerable fraction of the infrared beam focused onto the specimen is lost when projected remote apertures are used to achieve a small spot size. This is the case because of divergence in the beam from that source. Also the brightness is limited and it is necessary to compromise on the signal-to-noise or to expect a long acquisition time from coadding many scans. A synchrotron powered FT-IR Microspectrometer does not suffer from this effect. Since most of the unaperatured beam’s energy makes it through even a 12 × 12 μm aperture, that is a starting place for aperture dimension reduction.

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FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134958 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 270-271

Author(s):

John A. Reffner ◽

William T. Wihlborg

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Integrated System ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Ir Microscopy ◽

Normal Functions ◽

Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽

Infrared Spectral ◽

Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

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Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163496 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 206-207

Author(s):

Liling Cho ◽

David L. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Orientation ◽

Transition Point ◽

Polymer Fibers ◽

Single Fiber ◽

Wire Grid ◽

Polyester Fibers ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

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Chromatography and Modification of Nucleosides - Analytical Methods for Major and Modified Nucleosides: HPLC, GC, MS, NMR, UV and FT-IR

10.1016/s0301-4770(08)x6066-x ◽

1990 ◽

Keyword(s):

Analytical Methods ◽

Modified Nucleosides ◽

Ft Ir

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Pemanfaatan Cangkang Pensi (Corbicula Moltkiana) sebagai Bahan Penyerap Zat Warna Rhodamin B Dalam Larutan

Talenta Conference Series Science and Technology (ST) ◽

10.32734/st.v2i2.500 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rahmiana Zein ◽

Mutia Khuratul Aini ◽

Hermansyah Aziz

Keyword(s):

Rhodamine B ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Spectra Analysis ◽

Biosorption Capacity ◽

Biosorption Process ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Cationic Exchange ◽

Rhodamin B ◽

Model Isotherm

Biosorpsi zat warna Rhodamine B menggunakan cangkang Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) telah dikaji. Percobaan dilakukan dengan system batch guna memperoleh kondisi optimum biosorspi zat warna. Kapasitas biosorpsi zat warna pada pH 2 adalah 0.9958 mg/g, dengan konsentrasi larutan mula-mula 150 mg/L waktu kontak 105 menit, massa biosorben 0.1 g, ukuran partikel 32 µm dan temperature pengeringan biosorben pada 75oC. Model isotherm Langmuir menunjukkan bahwa proses penyerapan berlangsung secara kimia dan biosorpsi homogeny dari adsorbat (Rhodamine B) pada permukaan biosorben membentuk lapisan tunggal dengan nilai R2 0.9966. Analisis XRF menunjukkan bahwa penurunan kadar unsur logam pada cangkang Pensi membuktikan bahwa proses biosorpsi berlangsung dengan pertukaran kation. Hasil analisis spektrum FT-IR membuktikan adanya interaksi antaramolekul Rhodamin B dengan gugus fungsi pada cangkang Pensi. Analisis dengan SEM memperlihatkan bahwa pori-pori cangkang Pensi telah terisi penuh oleh molekul Rhodamin B. Kondisi optimum biosorpsi telah diaplikasikan pada limbah kerupuk merah dengan kapasitas penyerapan sebesar 0,2835 mg/g. The biosorption of Rhodamine B dyes by Pensi (Corbicula moltkiana) shell has been investigated. The experiment was conducted in batch sistem in order to obtain the optimum conditions of dye biosorption. Biosorption capacity of dye was 0.9958 mg/g at pH 2, initial concentration 150 mg/L, contact time 105 minutes, biosorbent mass 0.1 gram, particle size 32 µ m and biosorbent drying temperature was at 75oC. The Langmuir Isotherm model showed chemisorption and homogeneous biosorption process of adsorbates onto the biosorbent surface formed monolayer dye molecules on the biosorbent surface with R2 value was 0.9966. XRF analysis showed that reduction of metals unsure quantity of pensi shell indicated biosorption process was occupied through cationic exchange. The result of FTIR spectra analysis indicated an interaction between Rhodamin B molecules and functional group of pensi shell. SEM analysis showed that the pensi shell pores were completely filled by Rhodamine B molecules. The optimum condition of biosorption has been aplicated in red chips wastewater industry with biosorption capacity was 0.2835 mg/g.

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Structural, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Doped Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene)

Chemistry & Chemical Technology ◽

10.23939/chcht10.04.395 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 395-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepali Kelkar ◽

◽

Ashish Chourasia ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Electrical Properties ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Structure Modification ◽

Camphorsulfonic Acid ◽

Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽

Ft Ir

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically synthesized, undoped and then re-doped using FeCl3 as well as camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). FT-IR results confirm the nature of the synthesized and doped samples. XRD analysis indicates crystal structure modification after doping and was also used to calculate crystallinity of samples. Crystallinity increases after FeCl3 doping, whereas it reduces due to CSA doping. TGA-DTA results show reduction in Tg value for FeCl3 doped sample while it increases for CSA doped samples compared to that of undoped PEDOT. Reduction in Tg indicates plasticizing effect of FeCl3 whereas increase in Tg show anti-plasticizing effect of CSA in PEDOT. Conductivity value () increases by two orders of magnitude after doping. Log vs. 1/T graph show metallic nature of undoped PEDOT above 308 K, however both doped samples show semiconducting nature from 301 to 383 K.

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