scholarly journals A Realist Model of Communication Applications for Informational Technology and Artificial Cognitive Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Monica R. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Informational Technology ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Realist Model

The structure of the Shannon-Weaver model of communication (1948) has been the point of departure for the coming communication models that ever since have functioned as a base for developing systems and strategies within all the fields that depend on informational transfer. Attempts to develop the model have not affected its basic structure, or the use of the central concept of information. As it will be argued in this paper, this presents a number of limitations to the development of informational technology and more functional artificial cognitive systems. After contextualizing and adapting a number of central concepts for any theory of communication, the author presents a model of communication that is viable as a foundation for the development of artificial cognitive systems used for functions like natural language-processing, object-recognition and machine-learning.

Deep Learning Based High-Resolution Remote Sensing Image classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sumit Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Object Perception ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Image Classification ◽  
Unsupervised Algorithms

Abstract- Deep learning is an emerging research area in machine learning and pattern recognition field which has been presented with the goal of drawing Machine Learning nearer to one of its unique objectives, Artificial Intelligence. It tries to mimic the human brain, which is capable of processing and learning from the complex input data and solving different kinds of complicated tasks well. Deep learning (DL) basically based on a set of supervised and unsupervised algorithms that attempt to model higher level abstractions in data and make it self-learning for hierarchical representation for classification. In the recent years, it has attracted much attention due to its state-of-the-art performance in diverse areas like object perception, speech recognition, computer vision, collaborative filtering and natural language processing. This paper will present a survey on different deep learning techniques for remote sensing image classification. 

Mol2vec: Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach with Chemical Intuition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Jaeger ◽  
Simone Fulle ◽  
Samo Turk
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Unsupervised Machine Learning ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vector Representations

Inspired by natural language processing techniques we here introduce Mol2vec which is an unsupervised machine learning approach to learn vector representations of molecular substructures. Similarly, to the Word2vec models where vectors of closely related words are in close proximity in the vector space, Mol2vec learns vector representations of molecular substructures that are pointing in similar directions for chemically related substructures. Compounds can finally be encoded as vectors by summing up vectors of the individual substructures and, for instance, feed into supervised machine learning approaches to predict compound properties. The underlying substructure vector embeddings are obtained by training an unsupervised machine learning approach on a so-called corpus of compounds that consists of all available chemical matter. The resulting Mol2vec model is pre-trained once, yields dense vector representations and overcomes drawbacks of common compound feature representations such as sparseness and bit collisions. The prediction capabilities are demonstrated on several compound property and bioactivity data sets and compared with results obtained for Morgan fingerprints as reference compound representation. Mol2vec can be easily combined with ProtVec, which employs the same Word2vec concept on protein sequences, resulting in a proteochemometric approach that is alignment independent and can be thus also easily used for proteins with low sequence similarities.

A Machine Learning Application for Raising WASH Awareness in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Pandey ◽  
Vaibhav Gautam ◽  
Ridam Pal ◽  
Harsh Bandhey ◽  
Lovedeep Singh Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
User Feedback ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Languages

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the potential of digital misinformation in shaping the health of nations. The deluge of unverified information that spreads faster than the epidemic itself is an unprecedented phenomenon that has put millions of lives in danger. Mitigating this ‘Infodemic’ requires strong health messaging systems that are engaging, vernacular, scalable, effective and continuously learn the new patterns of misinformation. OBJECTIVE We created WashKaro, a multi-pronged intervention for mitigating misinformation through conversational AI, machine translation and natural language processing. WashKaro provides the right information matched against WHO guidelines through AI, and delivers it in the right format in local languages. METHODS We theorize (i) an NLP based AI engine that could continuously incorporate user feedback to improve relevance of information, (ii) bite sized audio in the local language to improve penetrance in a country with skewed gender literacy ratios, and (iii) conversational but interactive AI engagement with users towards an increased health awareness in the community. RESULTS A total of 5026 people who downloaded the app during the study window, among those 1545 were active users. Our study shows that 3.4 times more females engaged with the App in Hindi as compared to males, the relevance of AI-filtered news content doubled within 45 days of continuous machine learning, and the prudence of integrated AI chatbot “Satya” increased thus proving the usefulness of an mHealth platform to mitigate health misinformation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a multi-pronged machine learning application delivering vernacular bite-sized audios and conversational AI is an effective approach to mitigate health misinformation. CLINICALTRIAL Not Applicable

Race and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timnit Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Technical Solutions

This chapter discusses the role of race and gender in artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid permeation of AI into society has not been accompanied by a thorough investigation of the sociopolitical issues that cause certain groups of people to be harmed rather than advantaged by it. For instance, recent studies have shown that commercial automated facial analysis systems have much higher error rates for dark-skinned women, while having minimal errors on light-skinned men. Moreover, a 2016 ProPublica investigation uncovered that machine learning–based tools that assess crime recidivism rates in the United States are biased against African Americans. Other studies show that natural language–processing tools trained on news articles exhibit societal biases. While many technical solutions have been proposed to alleviate bias in machine learning systems, a holistic and multifaceted approach must be taken. This includes standardization bodies determining what types of systems can be used in which scenarios, making sure that automated decision tools are created by people from diverse backgrounds, and understanding the historical and political factors that disadvantage certain groups who are subjected to these tools.

scholarly journals An Annotated Corpus of Crime-Related Portuguese Documents for NLP and Machine Learning Processing

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Carnaz ◽  
Mário Antunes ◽  
Vitor Beires Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Evidence Collection

Criminal investigations collect and analyze the facts related to a crime, from which the investigators can deduce evidence to be used in court. It is a multidisciplinary and applied science, which includes interviews, interrogations, evidence collection, preservation of the chain of custody, and other methods and techniques of investigation. These techniques produce both digital and paper documents that have to be carefully analyzed to identify correlations and interactions among suspects, places, license plates, and other entities that are mentioned in the investigation. The computerized processing of these documents is a helping hand to the criminal investigation, as it allows the automatic identification of entities and their relations, being some of which difficult to identify manually. There exists a wide set of dedicated tools, but they have a major limitation: they are unable to process criminal reports in the Portuguese language, as an annotated corpus for that purpose does not exist. This paper presents an annotated corpus, composed of a collection of anonymized crime-related documents, which were extracted from official and open sources. The dataset was produced as the result of an exploratory initiative to collect crime-related data from websites and conditioned-access police reports. The dataset was evaluated and a mean precision of 0.808, recall of 0.722, and F1-score of 0.733 were obtained with the classification of the annotated named-entities present in the crime-related documents. This corpus can be employed to benchmark Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods and tools to detect and correlate entities in the documents. Some examples are sentence detection, named-entity recognition, and identification of terms related to the criminal domain.

scholarly journals Machine Learning in Medical Emergencies: a Systematic Review and Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Robles Mendo ◽  
Gonçalo Marques ◽  
Isabel de la Torre Díez ◽  
Miguel López-Coronado ◽  
Francisco Martín-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Commercial Applications

AbstractDespite the increasing demand for artificial intelligence research in medicine, the functionalities of his methods in health emergency remain unclear. Therefore, the authors have conducted this systematic review and a global overview study which aims to identify, analyse, and evaluate the research available on different platforms, and its implementations in healthcare emergencies. The methodology applied for the identification and selection of the scientific studies and the different applications consist of two methods. On the one hand, the PRISMA methodology was carried out in Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, PubMed ScienceDirect, and Scopus. On the other hand, a review of commercial applications found in the best-known commercial platforms (Android and iOS). A total of 20 studies were included in this review. Most of the included studies were of clinical decisions (n = 4, 20%) or medical services or emergency services (n = 4, 20%). Only 2 were focused on m-health (n = 2, 10%). On the other hand, 12 apps were chosen for full testing on different devices. These apps dealt with pre-hospital medical care (n = 3, 25%) or clinical decision support (n = 3, 25%). In total, half of these apps are based on machine learning based on natural language processing. Machine learning is increasingly applicable to healthcare and offers solutions to improve the efficiency and quality of healthcare. With the emergence of mobile health devices and applications that can use data and assess a patient's real-time health, machine learning is a growing trend in the healthcare industry.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Four Realms of Discussion: Summary of Remarks

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Jootaek Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Intensive Procedures

The term, Artificial Intelligence (AI), has changed since it was first coined by John MacCarthy in 1956. AI, believed to have been created with Kurt Gödel's unprovable computational statements in 1931, is now called deep learning or machine learning. AI is defined as a computer machine with the ability to make predictions about the future and solve complex tasks, using algorithms. The AI algorithms are enhanced and become effective with big data capturing the present and the past while still necessarily reflecting human biases into models and equations. AI is also capable of making choices like humans, mirroring human reasoning. AI can help robots to efficiently repeat the same labor intensive procedures in factories and can analyze historic and present data efficiently through deep learning, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. Thus, AI covers a spectrum of augmented intelligence relating to prediction, autonomous intelligence relating to decision making, automated intelligence for labor robots, and assisted intelligence for data analysis.

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