Are Social Skill and Empathy Separable Constructs? A Psychometric Evaluation of a New Role-play Assessment of Empathy for Individuals with Schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Gagen ◽  
Clare M. Gibson ◽  
Tonya L. Elliott ◽  
Kelly L. Smedley ◽  
L. Fredrik Jarskog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Skill ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Acceptable Internal Consistency ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Mind Task

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of a role-play measure of empathy, the Performance of Empathic Expression Rating Scale (PEERS), in a sample of 60 individuals with schizophrenia and 51 healthy controls. The role-play ratings assess a person's ability to interact empathically with a confederate in an emotionally charged situation. The PEERS demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Construct validity was assessed through analyses of variance to examine differences between patients and controls. Patients performed significantly worse than controls, but most of these differences were explained by social skill ability. Convergent validity analyses indicated that the PEERS is related to some aspects of a self-report measure of empathy and a theory of mind task. The PEERS also demonstrated acceptable discriminant validity. Implications for the future use of this measure will be discussed.

The Child Rating Scale and its Use with Middle School-Age Students

2000 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Winston J. Hagborg
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Age ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
Psychological Sense ◽  
Scale Design ◽  
Report Measure

The Child Rating Scale is a socioemotional self-report rating scale design for elementary school children. This study examined the Child Rating Scale with a middle school-age sample (Grades 5 to 8) of 240 students. The Child Rating Scale's four scales have shown moderate to high coefficients alpha. Factor analysis yielded the 4 underlying factors consistent with the current subscales. Supportive convergent validity was found based on the Child Rating Scale subscales' predicted association with the Self-perception Profile for Children and the Psychological Sense of School Membership–Brief. Consistent with current research, decline over grades in rule compliance/acting out and school interest was documented as well as the expected mean sex differences on these two subscales. Possible areas of study are indicated, and the present study's limitations are described. The Child Rating Scale seems to be a promising self-report measure for middle school-age youth.

Measuring Self-Serving Cognitive Distortions with Special Reference to Juvenile Delinquency: A Validation of the “How I Think” Questionnaire in a Sample of Portuguese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110135
Author(s):  
Hugo S. Gomes ◽  
Joana Andrade ◽  
Marcos Ferreira ◽  
Maria Manuela Peixoto ◽  
David P. Farrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquents ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Model Solution ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

The present study aims to test the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the “How I Think” (HIT) questionnaire. The HIT questionnaire is a self-report measure of self-serving cognitive distortions. Our sample was comprised of 442 Portuguese-speaking adolescents and young adults (254 males and 188 females), aged between 12 and 20 years. Of the total 442 participants, 351 were recruited from a Portuguese school and 91 from four Portuguese detention centers for juvenile delinquents. Data analysis provided evidence supporting the original six-factor model solution, composed of a four-category typology of self-serving cognitive distortions (i.e., Selfcentered, Blaming Others, Minimizing/Mislabeling, and Assuming the Worst), an Anomalous responding, and one Positive filler factor. Further, results showed satisfactory internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. In conclusion, this article provides Portuguese researchers and practitioners with a valid measure of self-serving cognitive distortions.

A psychometric evaluation of the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) in non-clinical and clinical German samples

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Rek ◽  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Miriam Henkel ◽  
Mike Crawford ◽  
Luigi Piccirilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Standardized Assessment ◽  
Clinical Samples

The Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD) is a nine-item self-report screening instrument and was developed to assess personality disorder (PD) severity according to the initial proposal of ICD-11. Our aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the German version of the SASPD in non-clinical and clinical samples. A total of 1,991 participants (N = 888 from non-clinical and N = 1,103 from clinical samples) provided ratings on the SASPD as well as other measures of psychopathology and personality. We examined the SASPD regarding its factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity. A unidimensional structure of the SASPD provided inadequate model fit, whereas a three-factor solution provided good fit in both the non-clinical and clinical samples. Internal consistency of the SASPD total score was acceptable in the clinical and in the non-clinical sample based on this multi-factorial model. In terms of convergent validity, SASPD scores correlated fairly with other measures of PD severity across samples. Discriminant validity with measures of general symptom distress and measures of (normal) personality traits was mixed. In addition, the SASPD scores predicted levels of PD severity above and beyond a measure of symptom distress. The SASPD captures some theoretically expected features of PD severity. However, the multidimensional structure and limited convergent and discriminant validity may hamper future usage of the SASPD as a short screening tool of PD severity according to ICD-11.

Measuring Emotional Responses to Negative Commercials: A Comparison of Two Methods

2020 ◽  
pp. 106591292091284
Author(s):  
Kim Fridkin ◽  
Patrick J. Kenney ◽  
Bartia Cooper ◽  
Ryan Deutsch ◽  
Manuel Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Facial Expression Analysis ◽  
Report Measure

We compare two alternative measures for assessing people’s emotional reactions to political stimuli: the traditional self-report measure and facial expression analysis. We recruited participants to take part in a study examining reactions to a set of negative political commercials aired during the 2018 elections. We compare people’s self-reporting of their emotional reactions to negative political advertisements with their expressed emotion, according to the facial expression analysis. We find the discriminant validity of the facial expression analysis is higher than the self-report measure. Second, the self-report and facial expression measures of emotion have little convergent validity: we fail to find a consistent and strong positive correlation between the self-report and facial software measures of the same emotion and the same political advertisement. Third, the facial software measure has better predictive validity than the self-report measure, generating better predictions for the three dependent variables examined: changes in political interest, changes in people’s confidence in elected officials, and people’s assessment of the tone of the senate campaign.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Revised Iowa Pain Thermometer-Czech for Patients with Stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. JNM-D-20-00094
Author(s):  
Petra Mandysova ◽  
Keela Herr
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background and PurposePain is a frequent yet underdiagnosed problem in patients with stroke due to stroke-related cognitive limitations that may hamper effective usage of pain tools. The Revised Iowa Pain Thermometer-Czech (IPT-R-CZ) is a linguistically validated translation of an English-language self-report pain instrument; however, the psychometric properties of the Czech version are unknown. This study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the IPT-R-CZ in cognitively intact and impaired Czech-speaking patients with stroke.MethodsFifty-four patients rated their pain intensity using the IPT-R-CZ, the Faces Pain Scale-Revised, and the Numerical Rating Scale, ranking them in terms of usability.ResultsCorrelations among pain scores across the tools were very strong. The IPTR-CZ ranked first in terms of usability.ConclusionConvergent validity, test-retest reliability, and usability of the IPT-R-CZ in Czech-speaking cooperative patients with stroke were acceptable.

Measuring Social Anxiety in Late Life: A Psychometric Evaluation of a Newly Constructed Self-Report Measure of Social Anxiety

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Gould ◽  
Caroline Ciliberti ◽  
Barry A. Edelstein ◽  
Merideth Smith ◽  
Lindsay A. Gerolimatos
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Constructed Self ◽  
Report Measure

scholarly journals NCOG-70. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A NEW SELF-REPORT INDEX OF COGNITIVE CONCERNS IN BRAIN TUMOR PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii145-ii145
Author(s):  
Giuliana Zarrella ◽  
Alice Perez ◽  
Jorg Dietrich ◽  
Michael Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Patient Reported

Abstract INTRODUCTION Subjective cognitive dysfunction is an important outcome measure in neuro-oncology and may provide additional information beyond performance-based neuropsychological testing. The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain (FACT-Br) is a frequently used quality of life (QoL) measure that includes indices of physical, emotional, social, and neurologic aspects of disease, but does not measure cognitive concerns. This study seeks to develop and validate an index of self-reported cognition derived from existing items on the FACT-Br. METHODS 145 patients (Mage=51.08, Medu=15.63) with heterogeneous brain tumor diagnoses completed neuropsychological evaluation including cognitive testing and self-report measures. Nine FACT-Br items regarding cognition were combined to form the Cognitive Index (CI). Reliability of the CI was measured with Cronbach’s alpha. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the CI with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Cognitive Abilities-8 or PROMIS Cognitive Concerns-8. Discriminant validity was assessed by correlation of the CI with other FACT-Br indices and the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI, BAI). RESULTS Internal consistency within the CI was high (Cronbach’s a 0.864). The CI correlated strongly with the PROMIS-Abilities (r =.680; p< 0.001) and PROMIS-Concerns (r=.780; p< 0.001) indicating high convergent validity. Moderate correlations were observed between the CI and the physical and functional subscales of the FACT (r=.453 and .555), whereas correlations with the social and emotional functioning subscales were weaker (r=.381 and .325). The FACT-Br-CI correlated strongly with BDI (r=-.622) and more weakly with the BAI (r=-.344). Consistent with prior literature, the CI showed modest correlations with neuropsychological measures, including verbal memory encoding (r=.300), verbal fluency (r=.252) and a composite measure of cognition (r=.249; all p’s< .01). CONCLUSIONS The FACT-Br-CI is a reliable and valid measure of self-reported cognition. Studies that include the FACT-Br could be retrospectively analyzed to assess self-reported cognitive outcomes, enriching the information gained from prior research.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie H Bromberg ◽  
Rocio de la Vega ◽  
Emily F Law ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Tonya M Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Screening Measure ◽  
Brief Screening

Abstract Objective Insomnia is a highly prevalent sleep disorder that is particularly common among adolescents with health conditions. We aimed to develop and validate a brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents that can be used across clinical and community samples. We hypothesized that we would identify evidence supporting reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and that we would determine preliminary clinical cutoff scores. Methods A team of experts in behavioral sleep medicine developed a 13-item brief screening measure of insomnia in adolescents (Adolescent Insomnia Questionnaire [AIQ]). We evaluated the psychometric properties of the AIQ in a sample of 315 youth (11–18 years old, Mean = 14.90, SD = 2.02; 64% female) who had chronic pain (n = 37), headache (n = 170), insomnia diagnosed by a sleep specialist (n = 22), or were otherwise healthy (n = 86). Results Using Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, we identified three subscales consistent with major diagnostic criteria of insomnia. As expected, the measure showed strong reliability through high internal consistency (α =.91). We also found strong convergent validity through expected positive relationships between the AIQ and self-report measures of sleep disturbance, and divergent validity via weak relationships with parent-report of snoring. Results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) identified a clinical cutoff score that may assist in clinical decision making. Conclusions We found that the AIQ has sound psychometric properties in a large heterogeneous sample of treatment-seeking youth and youth from the community. The AIQ can quickly screen adolescent insomnia and could address an important clinical need in identifying youth in need of insomnia treatment in pediatric practice settings.

Validity of the Perceived Criticism Measure in an Undergraduate Sample

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. White ◽  
Joanna E. Strong ◽  
Dianne L. Chambless
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Perceived Criticism ◽  
Report Measure

The concurrent and predictive validity of the Perceived Criticism Measure's Criticism and Upset subscales was assessed for undergraduates, 21 men and 98 women. Participants were asked to identify five people important to them at present (typically these were parents as well as peers) and, for each, to rate how critical that person was as well as how upsetting they found that criticism to be. Scores on Upset exhibited convergent validity with another self-report measure of general sensitivity to criticism, whereas those on Criticism did not. Neither measure predicted higher ratings of criticism in a specific interaction with a mildly critical peer. Divergent validity with scores on a measure of depression was supported for Upset but was less clear for Criticism. Strong evidence of predictive validity for Criticism and Upset was obtained. Ratings for both Peer scales predicted increased negative affect after mild criticism from a peer, although this interaction took place 4 to 10 weeks after administration of the Perceived Criticism Measure.

Development of a Self-Report Measure of Depression-Proneness

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zemore
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Depression Proneness ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Report Measure

Two retrospective self-report measures of depression-proneness were constructed and their psychometric properties investigated. A sample of 75 female students, selected to provide a wide range of depression-proneness scores, completed the two depression-proneness self-reports along with a measure of current severity of depression. A second session (retest) was conducted 4 mo. later. Subjects were then rated for degree of depression-proneness by two or more close friends and family members. Test-retest and coefficient alpha estimates of reliability were sufficiently high to recommend both depression-proneness measures as research instruments. Both self-report measures correlated significantly; rs = .38 and .41 with friends' and families' ratings of depression-proneness, which provides evidence for the validity of the depression-proneness measures. Little or no evidence was found for the discriminant validity of these measures. The advantages of retrospective self-reports over alternative approaches for identifying depression-prone individuals are discussed.

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