scholarly journals TÌM HIỂU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, X-QUANG, CẮT LỚP VI TÍNH CỦA BỆNH NHÂN GÃY KÍN DUPUYTREN ĐƯỢC KẾT XƯƠNG BÊN TRONG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG QUÂN ĐỘI 108

2021 ◽  
Vol 507 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Lượng ◽  
Nguyễn Điện Thành Hiệp
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Ct Scanner

Mục tiêu: Gãy Dupuytren là một tổn thương đặc biệt vùng cổ chân, là một tổn thương thường gặp trên lâm sàng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là tìm hiểu đặc điểm lâm sàng, XQ, CT Scanner của loại gãy này. Đối tượng, phương pháp: Đối tượng nghiên cứu gồm 38 BN gãy kín Dupuytren, được phẫu thuật kết xương bên trong từ 9/2015-6/2020 tại Bệnh viện TWQĐ 108. Có 22 nam và 16 nữ, tuổi trung bình 46,26 tuổi (22-72), trong đó gãy ở chân trái là 23 BN, gãy chân phải là 15 BN. Nguyên nhân tổn thương là TNGT gặp ở 20 BN, do TNLĐ gặp ở 2 BN, do ngã gặp ở 13 BN, do TNTT gặp ở 3 BN. Các BN được chụp XQ thẳng, nghiêng. Chụp CT Scanner được thực hiện ở 20 BN gãy 3 mắt cá. Các đặc điểm lâm sàng, XQ, CT Scanner được thu thập và phân tích. Kết quả: 20 BN gãy 3 mắt cá, 17 BN gãy 2 mắt cá, 1 BN gãy mắt cá ngoài đơn thuần. Có 2 BN gãy loại I, 8 BN gãy loại II, 4 BN gãy loại III, 2 BN gãy loại IV theo phân loại gãy mắt cá sau của Bartonicek. Có 23 BN gãy kiểu Weber B và 13 BN kiểu Weber C. Tất cả BN đều có hình ảnh tổn thương mộng chày mác và bán trật xương sên ra ngoài. Cơ chế tổn thương chính là xoay ngoài (33/38 BN). Chẩn đoán gãy mắt cá sau dựa vào đường gãy chéo vát trên phim XQ tư thế nghiêng của 20 BN và hình ảnh đường viền kép ở 4 BN và hình núi mờ ở 16 BN trên phim X quang thẳng. CT Scan cho thấy kích thước, vị trí gãy, hình ảnh lún, chèn mảnh gãy nhỏ, di lệch lớn của mảnh gãy mắt cá sau ngay trên diện khớp. Kết luận: Gãy Dupuytren với các tổn thương đặc trưng: Gãy mắt cá ngoài, gãy mắt cá trong hoặc đứt dây chằng Delta; doãng mộng chày mác, có hoặc không có kèm gãy mắt cá sau. Cơ chế tổn thương chủ yếu là xoay ngoài cổ chân. XQ có thể chẩn đoán được gãy Dupuytren, tuy nhiên XQ có một số hạn chế trong chẩn đoán tổn thương gãy mắt cá sau, vì vậy nên chụp CT Scans để đánh giá gãy mắt cá sau.

scholarly journals Assessment of Masseter Muscle Thickness in OSMF Patients - A Computed Tomography Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (52) ◽  
pp. 3176-3179
Author(s):  
Choubarga Naik ◽  
Bimal Krishna Panda ◽  
Anisha Avijeeta ◽  
Barnanshu Pattnaik ◽  
Subha Soumya Dany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Medical College

BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is the most common precancerous lesion, prevalent mostly in South East Asia. The habit of betel nut or gutkha chewing is the main cause for this. There is a direct association between gutkha chewing habit and development of OSMF, the reason being exaggerated forces on the masseter muscle due to vigorous chewing for prolonged period of time. So, the present study was done to evaluate the thickness of masseter muscle in OSMF patients. METHODS A total of 25 subjects were included in the study from January 2015 to December 2017. 25 OSMF patients belonging to the age group of 25-50 years who attended the outpatient department of Veer Surendra Sai Medical College and Hospital, Burla, with masseteric hypertrophy and betelnut or gutkha chewing habit for more than 5 years, were included in the study. The computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained using Siemens Somatom Sensation 4-slice CT scanner. During the scanning period, the patients were asked to keep their mouth gently closed and relaxed. Axial sections of the CT scans were assessed for masseter muscles. The thickness of the muscle was calculated using image-analysing software and the measurements made were in millimeter (mm). Tabulation was done and statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS The thickness of masseter muscle of right side was found to be more than the left side in all patients except for one patient and the outcome was statistically significant with one tailed p value < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS The duration and frequency of the habit were found to be directly proportional to masseter muscle thickness and also with the clinical progression of the disease. Similarly, we also concluded from our study that there exists an association of masseter muscle hypertrophy with OSMF, and CT scan meas KEYWORDS OSMF, Masseter Muscle, CT Scan

scholarly journals Dynamic monitor of CT scan within short interval in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis for nonneutropenic patients: a retrospective analysis in two centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Yonghong Zhong ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Huijie Wang ◽  
Yanbin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Antifungal Treatment ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
European Organization ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Background In nonneutropenic patients with underlying respiratory diseases (URD), invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening disease. Yet establishing early diagnosis in those patients remains quite a challenge. Methods A retrospective series of nonneutropenic patients with probable or proven IPA were reviewed from January 2014 to May 2018 in Department of Respiratory Medicine of two Chinese hospitals. Those patients were suspected of IPA and underwent lung computed tomography (CT) scans twice within 5–21 days. The items required for IPA diagnosis were assessed by their host factors, mycological findings and CT scans according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (MSG) criteria (EORTC/MSG criteria). Results Together with the risk factors, mycological findings and nonspecific radiological signs on first CT, ten patients were suspected of IPA. With the appearance of cavities on second CT scan in the following days, all patients met the criteria of probable or possible IPA. Except one patient who refused antifungal treatment, nine patients received timely antifungal treatment and recovered well. One of the nine treated IPA cases was further confirmed by pathology, one was confirmed by biopsy. Conclusions Dynamic monitor of CT scan provided specific image evidences for IPA diagnosis. This novel finding might provide a noninvasive and efficient strategy in IPA diagnosis with URD.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Scan in Young Athletes With Spondylolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
Amy M. West ◽  
Pierre A. d’Hemecourt ◽  
Olivia J. Bono ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Dai Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Negative Rate

The objective of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in young athletes diagnosed with spondylolysis. A cross-sectional study was used. Twenty-two young athletes (14.7 ± 1.5 years) were diagnosed as spondylolysis based on a single-photon emission CT. Following the diagnosis, participants underwent MRI and CT scan imaging tests on the same day. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of the MRI and CT scans were analyzed. MRI test confirmed 13 (+) and 9 (−) results while CT test showed 17 (+) and 5 (−) results. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of MRI were, respectively, 59.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7% to 78.5%) and 40.9% (95% CI = 21.5% to 63.3%). Furthermore, the sensitivity and false-negative rate of CT scan were 77.3% (95% CI = 54.2% to 91.3%) and 22.7% (95% CI = 0.09% to 45.8%). Our results indicated that CT scan is a more accurate imaging modality to diagnose spondylolysis compared with MRI in young athletes.

Preliminary experience with Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computerized tomography stereotaxic guidance system

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Peter Heilbrun ◽  
Theodore S. Roberts ◽  
Michael L. J. Apuzzo ◽  
Trent H. Wells ◽  
James K. Sabshin
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Guidance System ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ct Scanners ◽  
Guidance Systems ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The production model of the Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computerized tomography (CT) stereotaxic guidance system is described. Hardware and software modifications to the original prototype now allow the system to be used independently of the CT scanner after an initial scan with the localizing components fixed to the skull. The system is simple and efficient, can be used universally with all CT scanners, and includes a phantom simulator system for target verification. Preliminary experience with 74 patients at two institutions is described. It is concluded that CT stereotaxic guidance systems will become important tools in the neurosurgical armamentarium, as they allow accurate approach to any target identifiable on the CT scan.

Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhaya V. Kulkarni ◽  
Abhijit Guha ◽  
Andres Lozano ◽  
Mark Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Stereotactic Brain Biopsy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Many neurosurgeons routinely obtain computerized tomography (CT) scans to rule out hemorrhage in patients after stereotactic procedures. In the present prospective study, the authors investigated the rate of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic biopsy sampling and the role of postbiopsy CT scanning. Methods. A subset of patients (the last 102 of approximately 800 patients) who underwent stereotactic brain biopsies at the Toronto Hospital prospectively underwent routine postoperative CT scanning within hours of the biopsy procedure. Their medical charts and CT scans were then reviewed. A postoperative CT scan was obtained in 102 patients (aged 17–87 years) who underwent stereotactic biopsy between June 1994 and September 1996. Sixty-one patients (59.8%) exhibited hemorrhages, mostly intracerebral (54.9%), on the immediate postoperative scan. Only six of these patients were clinically suspected to have suffered a hemorrhage based on immediate postoperative neurological deficit; in the remaining 55 (53.9%) of 102 patients, the hemorrhage was clinically silent and unsuspected. Among the clinically silent intracerebral hemorrhages, 22 measured less than 5 mm, 20 between 5 and 10 mm, five between 10 and 30 mm, and four between 30 and 40 mm. Of the 55 patients with clinically silent hemorrhages, only three demonstrated a delayed neurological deficit (one case of seizure and two cases of progressive loss of consciousness) and these all occurred within the first 2 postoperative days. Of the neurologically well patients in whom no hemorrhage was demonstrated on initial postoperative CT scan, none experienced delayed deterioration. Conclusions. Clinically silent hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy is very common. However, the authors did not find that knowledge of its existence ultimately affected individual patient management or outcome. The authors, therefore, suggest that the most important role of postoperative CT scanning is to screen for those neurologically well patients with no hemorrhage. These patients could safely be discharged on the same day they underwent biopsy.

EP.FRI.390 Improving care for patients with acute bowel obstruction: A closed loop audit

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Clayphan ◽  
Anna Fairclough ◽  
Jeff Lim ◽  
Roderick Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Time To Diagnosis

Abstract Aims Acute Bowel Obstruction (ABO) accounts for 10% of emergency surgical admissions and when surgery is required mortality can exceed 10%. Early diagnosis is associated with improved patient outcomes and timely acquisition of abdominal CT scans can help prevent delays. The NCEPOD 2020 report on ABO identified ‘delays in imaging’ as a key area for improvement in the care of these patients, with these delays being exacerbated if an abdominal X-ray (AXR) was performed as well as an abdominal CT. This study looks at ways to expedite the diagnosis of patients presenting with ABO.   Methods A retrospective audit of 77 patients admitted from A&E or SAU with ABO from April 2019 to February 2020 was conducted. Imaging modality, time-to-CT scan and time-to-diagnosis was recorded. Results and recommendations were presented locally and an evidence based ABO care pathway was implemented and publicised. 20 patients were audited prospectively, post care pathway implementation.  Results 70.1% of patients from the initial audit received a CT-scan and 42% of these patients received an AXR before their eventual CT-scan. The average wait for a definitive radiological diagnosis was 27.8hr. After implementation of the pathway only 18% of patients audited received both modes of imaging and the average time to diagnosis has been reduced to 10.7hr.  Conclusions Raising awareness of the appropriate and timely use of CT-scans in the diagnosis of ABO has reduced the number of concomitant AXR for these patients, expediting the making of a definitive diagnosis and improving patient outcomes. 

Abstract TP291: Hematoma Retraction and Perihematoma Hypodensity in Neutral Brain Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Majidi ◽  
Basit Rahim ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Waqas I Gilani ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Hematoma Expansion ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
The Right

Background: The temporal evolution of intracerebral hematomas and perihematoma edema in the ultra-early period on computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well understood. We aimed to investigate hematoma and perihematoma changes in “neutral brain” models of ICH. Methods: One human and 6 goat cadaveric heads were used as “neutral brains” to provide physical properties of the brain without any biological activity or new bleeding. ICH was induced by slow injection of 4 ml of fresh blood into the right basal ganglia of the goat brains. Similarly, 20 ml of fresh blood was injected deep into the white matter of the human cadaver head in each hemisphere. Serial CT scans of the heads were performed at 0, 1, 3, and 5 hours after inducing ICH. Analyze software (AnalyzeDirect, Overland Park, KS) was used to measure hematoma and perihematoma hypodensity volumes in the baseline and follow up CT scans. Results: The initial hematoma volumes of 11.6 ml and 10.5 ml in the right and the left hemispheres of the human cadaver brain gradually decreased to 6.6 ml and 5.4 ml at 5 hours, showing 43% and 48% retraction of hematoma, respectively. The volume of the perihematoma hypodensity in the right and left hemisphere increased from 2.6 ml and 2.2 ml in the 1 hour follow up CT scans to 4.9 ml and 4.4 ml in the 5 hour CT scan, respectively. Hematoma retraction was also observed in all six ICH models in the goat brains. The mean ICH volume in the goat heads was decreased from 1.49 ml in the baseline CT scan to 1.01 ml in the 5 hour follow up CT scan showing 29.6% hematoma retraction. Perihematoma hypodensity was visualized in 70% of ICH in goat brains, with an increasing mean hypodensity volume of 0.4 ml in the baseline CT scan to 0.8 ml in the 5 hour follow up CT scan. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that substantial hematoma retraction and perihematoma hypodensity occurs in intracerebral hematomas in the absence of any new bleeding or biological activity of the surrounding brain. Such observations suggest that active bleeding is underestimated in patients with no or small hematoma expansion and our understanding of perihematoma hypodesity needs to be reconsidered.

Using chest CT scan and unsupervised machine learning for predicting and evaluating response to lumacaftor-ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2101344
Author(s):  
Alienor Campredon ◽  
Enzo Battistella ◽  
Clémence Martin ◽  
Isabelle Durieu ◽  
Laurent Mely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Unsupervised Machine Learning ◽  
One Year

ObjectivesLumacaftor-ivacaftor is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator known to improve clinical status in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to assess lung structural changes after one year of lumacaftor-ivacaftor treatment, and to use unsupervised machine learning to identify morphological phenotypes of lung disease that are associated with response to lumacaftor-ivacaftor.MethodsAdolescents and adults with CF from the French multicenter real-world prospective observational study evaluating the first year of treatment with lumacaftor-ivacaftor were included if they had pretherapeutic and follow-up chest computed tomography (CT)-scans available. CT scans were visually scored using a modified Bhalla score. A k-mean clustering method was performed based on 120 radiomics features extracted from unenhanced pretherapeutic chest CT scans.ResultsA total of 283 patients were included. The Bhalla score significantly decreased after 1 year of lumacaftor-ivacaftor (−1.40±1.53 points compared with pretherapeutic CT; p<0.001). This finding was related to a significant decrease in mucus plugging (−0.35±0.62 points; p<0.001), bronchial wall thickening (−0.24±0.52 points; p<0.001) and parenchymal consolidations (−0.23±0.51 points; p<0.001). Cluster analysis identified 3 morphological clusters. Patients from cluster C were more likely to experience an increase in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (ppFEV1) ≥5 under lumacaftor–ivacaftor than those in the other clusters (54% of responders versus 32% and 33%; p=0.01).ConclusionOne year treatment with lumacaftor-ivacaftor was associated with a significant visual improvement of bronchial disease on chest CT. Radiomics features on pretherapeutic CT scan may help in predicting lung function response under lumacaftor-ivacaftor.

scholarly journals Intracranial Aneurysms: A Clinical, Angiographic and Computerized Tomographie Study

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Weir ◽  
Jack Miller ◽  
Don Russell
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Ct Scans

SummaryFifty-six patients with 63 aneurysms were selected from a larger group of patients because they had at least one angiographic and one CT scan study. A total of 102 CT scans and 136 angiograms were analyzed. In five patients the aneurysm was visualized on the CT scan. There was a tendency for the location of the subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematomas visualized on the CT scans to correlate with the site of the aneurysm as seen on the angiogram. The CT scan was useful in demonstrating the evolution of hydrocephalus and in differentiating hematoma from edema. The patients with normal CT scans were more likely to have good neurological grades. No single angiographic or CT scan feature correlated significantly with survival at lower than the 5 percent level.

scholarly journals The Effect of Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) Scans on the Calculated Dose of Radiotherapy in a Thorax Phantom

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Ehtiati ◽  
Payman Hejazi ◽  
Mohsen Bakhshandeh ◽  
Ali Jabbary Arfaee ◽  
Eftekhar Rajab Bolookat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: Despite the benefits of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in better tumor volume delineation, it can affect the accuracy of dose calculation in radiation therapy. This study examined this effect on a thorax phantom. Objectives: The influence of different variables including the concentrations of the Visipaque contrast media, tumor sizes, and CT scan energies on the dose measurement was examined. Methods: Transparent cylinders containing the contrast media were inserted in the lung area of the phantom and the CT scans were made. Non-enhanced CT scans were also acquired. Treatment planning using 2 opposite fields was performed on the CT scans and the doses were calculated in the treatment planning system. The results of the 2 sets of enhanced and non-enhanced CT scans were compared. Results: The correlation between concentration and the percentage of mean dose of the tumor volume was significant in 2 of the tumor sizes. The differences in the mean doses of the 2 plans were examined and more than 3% increase was observed in higher concentrations of the contrast media. Conclusions: According to this study, the suitable concentration of the contrast media administered and the CT scan energy should be considered. This would help to decrease the discrepancies between the calculated and delivered dose in radiotherapy treatments to a clinically acceptable level. The importance of time delays for CT scans after administration of the contrast media is emphasized.

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